Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension

BACKGROUND: We aimed to create a multidisciplinary consensus clinical guideline for best practice in the diagnosis, investigation and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) due to cerebrospinal fluid leak based on current evidence and consensus from a multidisciplinary specialist interest group (SIG). METHODS: A 29-member SIG was established, with members from neurology, neuroradiology, anaesthetics, neurosurgery and patient representatives. The scope and purpose of the guideline were agreed by the SIG by consensus. The SIG then developed guideline statements for a series of question topics using a modified Delphi process. This process was supported by a systematic literature review, surveys of patients and healthcare professionals and review by several international experts on SIH. RESULTS: SIH and its differential diagnoses should be considered in any patient presenting with orthostatic headache. First-line imaging should be MRI of the brain with contrast and the whole spine. First-line treatment is non-targeted epidural blood patch (EBP), which should be performed as early as possible. We provide criteria for performing myelography depending on the spine MRI result and response to EBP, and we outline principles of treatments. Recommendations for conservative management, symptomatic treatment of headache and management of complications of SIH are also provided. CONCLUSIONS: This multidisciplinary consensus clinical guideline has the potential to increase awareness of SIH among healthcare professionals, produce greater consistency in care, improve diagnostic accuracy, promote effective investigations and treatments and reduce disability attributable to SIH

withdrawn 2017 hrs ehra ecas aphrs solaece expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation

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Economics, Psychology, and Social Dynamics of Consumer Bidding in Auctions

With increasing numbers of consumers in auction marketplaces, we highlight some recent approaches that bring additional economic, social, and psychological factors to bear on existing economic theory to better understand and explain consumers' behavior in auctions. We also highlight specific research streams that could contribute towards enriching existing economic models of bidding behavior in emerging market mechanisms.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47034/1/11002_2005_Article_5901.pd

Surcharges and Seller Reputation

We propose that consumers buying from low- (vs. high-) reputation sellers pay greater attention to surcharges. Thus, reputation moderates the effect of surcharges on purchase. Data from eBay show that consumers adjust bids to account for surcharges when buying from low-reputation sellers but not when buying from high-reputation sellers (study 1). Study 2 replicates this effect with partitioned versus consolidated prices. Study 3 reveals that consumers take longer to make purchasing decisions when buying from low-reputation sellers and that response times mediate the moderating role of reputation. Furthermore, the effect of surcharges levied by low-reputation sellers is attenuated for consumers with low (vs. high) need for cognition (study 4). (c) 2008 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc..

Compatibility-Driven Momentum in Redemption of Sales Promotions

We study how product category and construal level moderate the effectiveness of gain versus loss framed sales promotions. For products associated with a hedonic goal (e.g., a chocolate cake), loss frames led to a greater likelihood of redemption for low-(vs. high-) level construers. For products associated with a utilitarian goal (e.g., an energy bar), gain frames led to a greater likelihood of redemption for high-(vs. low-) level construers. When the product category, message frame, and construal level were compatible (e.g., a coupon for a utilitarian product presented in a gain frame to high-level construers), redemption likelihood was affected less by product evaluations, suggesting that a goal-compatibility driven momentum motivates consumer action (such as coupon redemption) in these situations. Session Objectives and Overview. The broad purpose of this session is to present work that adds significantly to the growing body of research on motivational factors that drives consumption goals and choices. The more specific objectives of this session are to 1) to explore how affective and cognitive processes underlying an activated goal drive consumption momentum, and 2) to examine the role of exogenous irrelevant sources of motivation in energizing goal striving behaviors. To meet these objectives, three papers are included in this session, all of which are in advanced stages of completion. Keeping in mind the overall theme of ACR 2008 ("Port of Call"), and the diverse audience that ACR conference attracts, the papers in this session explore the factors that impact the motivation underlying consumer behavior from different, yet related perspectives. While the first paper examines how goal related attentional biases can energize momentum toward goal satiating stimuli, the second paper extends the focus of the first paper by exploring another factor-goal-compatibility-in energizing goal related actions. Finally the third paper complements the first two papers by exploring the role of exogenous motivational sources that are irrelevant to any specific goal in energizing subsequent goal striving behaviors. The session will begin with a focus on goal-driven attentional biases among impulsives and non-impulsives that drive indulgent behavior. Suresh Ramanathan will present his work that focuses on how two types of attentional biases, an initial visual attention bias toward temptations and a bias related to inability to avert attention from such temptations motivate indulgent behaviors. His results demonstrate that while impulsive people exhibit both forms of goaldriven biases towards tempting stimuli, it is their inability to avert attention from such temptations that drives the extent to which they show approach reactions toward such consumption stimuli and subsequently indulge themselves. Amar Cheema will then present his work with Nidhi Agrawal that builds on the first paper by examining the role of goalcompatibility in energizing momentum toward goal relevant con

Framing Goals to Increase Or Decrease Personal Savings: the Effect of Specific Goals and Construal Level

We show that anticipated success, commitment to saving, and the actual amount saved, can be increased or decreased simply by changing the way consumers think about saving goals. Consumers can (a) specify or not specify an exact amount to save (goal specificity), and (b) focus on either how to save, or why to save (construal level). Specific (vs. non-specific) goals help consumers save more under high-level construal but this effect reverses under low-level construal. Mediation analyses reveal that specific (vs. non-specific) goals are perceived to be more important under high-level construal, and more difficult under low-level construal

Relative importance of online versus offline information for Internet purchases: Product category and Internet experience effects

Across three studies we examine the relative importance of online versus offline information for Internet purchases. Study 1 reveals that the relative importance of online information is higher for utilitarian products (computer hardware and software) than for hedonic products (books, music, and movies). Study 2 shows that, in the case of online purchases, the relative importance of online information decreases with increasing consumer Internet experience. Consequently, offline information becomes relatively more important for consumers with high levels of Internet experience. In addition, the relative importance of online information is higher for utilitarian products than for hedonic products, supporting Study 1 results. Study 3 suggests a possible mechanism for the effect of Internet experience on decreasing importance of online information, showing that consumers' trust of online search engine information decreases with increasing Internet experience. We conclude with implications of our results for firms that sell products on the Internet.Online purchases Online behavior Information importance Internet experience

OConnorOpenPracticesDisclosure – Supplemental material for Do Evaluations Rise With Experience?

<p>Supplemental material, OConnorOpenPracticesDisclosure for Do Evaluations Rise With Experience? by Kieran O’Connor and Amar Cheema in Psychological Science</p