Rediseño de un curso virtual en base a la metodología PACIE, fase presencia; para el “CENTRO FORMATIVO BYB”.

Este trabajo de titulación tuvo como objetivo rediseñar un curso virtual en base a la metodología Presencia, Alcance, Capacitación, Interacción, E-learning (PACIE), fase Presencia; para el “Centro Formativo BYB”. Se rediseñó la interfaz gráfica de usuario (GUI) del Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA), aplicando la metodología de diseño tecnológico con la cual las características de la fase presencia fueron detectadas y asumidas en su totalidad; se identificó la necesidad del Centro Formativo BYB de aplicar adecuadamente la fase presencia; se realizó una investigación de campo mediante una lista de cotejo para verificar las condiciones de la fase presencia en el sitio; se realizó una exploración documental para analizar globalmente la fase presencia; se realizó el diseño integral, sentando las bases de la nueva interfaz y sus componentes como: colores, tipografía, iconos, etc.; se construyó el rediseño en base a los procesos mencionados para su posterior ejecución en la plataforma Chamilo; se implementó el rediseño en el curso de Geometría para 1ero de Bachillerato del Centro Formativo BYB; se evalúo el sitio exponiéndolo al usuario y se divulgó mediante una infografía los cambios realizados. En la parte final del trabajo se realizó una investigación experimental con un estudio de gustos y preferencias utilizando la escala de Likert, se procedió a contrastar los dos cursos virtuales, el inicial y el rediseñado, se aplicaron encuestas a los 42 usuarios; se aplicó Chi Cuadrado con grado de libertad 4 y se obtuvo un valor de 9.48 con un nivel de significancia 0,05, se validó con esto la relación existente entre el rediseño y la satisfacción de usuario; se determinó mediante el análisis de resultados que el recurso virtual rediseñado generó mayor interés que él anterior, llegando a la conclusión de que el rediseño del curso virtual en base a la Metodología PACIE, fase presencia fue exitoso. Se recomendó que para la creación de cursos futuros se tenga el acompañamiento de un profesional especializado en diseño gráfico.The present degree work had as aim to redesign a virtual course based on the methodology: Presence, Scope, Training, Interaction, and E-learning , phase Presence for the Formative Center “BYB” The graphical user interface (GUI) of the Virtual Learning Environment was redesigned by using the methodology of technological design with which the characteristics of the phase Presence were detected and assumed in its totality; the need of the Formative Center “BYB” was identified to apply adequately the phase presence; a field investigation was made through a checking list to verify the conditions of the phase Presence within the site; a documentary exploration was made to analyze globally the phase Presence of the site; an integral design to lay the foundation of the new interface and its components was made, such as: identity, colors, typography, icons, etc. the redesign was build based on the mentioned processes for the later implementation in the platform Chamilo. The re-design was implemented finally within the course of Geometry for the First Baccalaurate of the Formative Center “BYB” The site was evaluated by exposing it to the user and disseminated by means of computer graphics the made changes. In the final phase of the work was made an investigation of likes and preferences through the Likert Scale, both the initial and the re-designed course were contrasted. Surveys to 42 users were applied, Chi-Square with a degree of freedom 4, with which was obtained a value of 9.48 with a significance level 0.05 with this, the existing relation between both the re-design and the user satisfaction were validated. The virtual re-designed resource was determined through the analysis of results that generated a bigger interest than the previous one. It is concluded that the redesign of the virtual course based on the Methodology PACIE, phase Presence was successful. It is recommended for the creation of future courses to have the assistance of a specialized professional in graphic design

Análisis del impacto socioeconómico de la innovación tecnológica en las personas de 50 a 55 años en Machala 2021.

El siguiente artículo analiza el impacto socioeconómico de las personas de 50 a 55 años en la ciudad de Machala, donde se realiza una investigación minuciosa tratando va - rios ámbitos, como el ámbito laboral, educativo, económi - co, social y tecnológico, con el objetivo de investigar si el impacto es positivo o negativo, donde se podrá eviden - ciar que la tecnología tiene un gran aporte y trae muchas ventajas sin importar la edad de las personas, ya que se relaciona que la tecnología avanza día a día y esto puede afectar a las personas que no se encuentra en su etapa de formación académica o que en su tiempo de estudio no se desarrollaba ningún tipo de enseñanza tecnológica. Se aplicó un método de investigación científica, la cual nos proporcionó el estudio de datos históricos sobre el impacto de la tecnología en la sociedad y en la economía, en los antecedentes se puede evidenciar que la tecnología ha te - nido un gran aporte al desarrollo social y económico, está claro que a nivel mundial se ve este fenómeno de la tecno - logía y por ende todos buscan el desarrollo del mismo día a día. Se concluye con el trabajo que las personas entre 50 a 55 años de edad en la ciudad de Machala tuvieron en gran parte un impacto positivo ante la innovación tecnoló - gica y no afecta en nada la edad de las personas, también existe una parte de personas que tienen una afectación negativa ya que existen personas que le dan un mal uso a la tecnología

Update on the main clinical management guidelines for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Introduction: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially preeclampsia, are a local and international public health problem, due to the increase in risk factors in women of childbearing age. Objective: to evaluate the relevance of hypertensive disorders and their study by obstetricians and first-level medical professionals in Ecuador. Method: a review of updated scientific articles was carried out in different databases where the generalities of their classification, pathophysiology, prediction of preeclampsia, prevention of hypertensive disorders, treatments of these disorders, treatment of hypertensive crisis or emergency, eclampsia, were addressed and expectant management of severe preeclampsia. Results: It is hypothesized that hypertension and preeclampsia may first arise postpartum, and postpartum hypertension accounts for up to 25% of all hypertensive disorders. Severe hypertension is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality, including an increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, urgent antihypertensive therapy is recommended to reduce blood pressure. Final considerations: it is extremely important to perform risk screening on all pregnant patients, along with a detailed cardiovascular evaluation to detect the presence of risk factors or cardiometabolic conditions that favor the appearance of hypertensive diseases during pregnancy

Exploration of underutilized crop diversity of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru

The genus Capsicum is a highly diverse complex of domesticated and wild species that displays abundant variation in its main center of domestication and diversity in Bolivia and Peru but that remains under-researched. New collecting expeditions undertaken in 2010 by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) in Peru and the Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogenéticas de Pairumani (CIFP) in Bolivia have significantly increased the size of the collections. INIA Peru now maintains 712 accessions of the five domesticated species, making it one of the largest and most diverse national collections of native Capsicum pepper varieties in the world. The collection in Bolivia contains 492 accessions, including the five domesticated species, four wild species, and one wild botanical variety of a domesticated species. We report on the identification of promising native Capsicum germplasm for potential use in the development of differentiated products. Identification of promising material representative of native Capsicum diversity in both collections followed several steps: (1) Identification of a core collection of nearly 100 accessions per country representing the different species and their geographic distribution. Dried samples of these accessions were biochemically screened for commercially interesting attributes including capsaicinoid content, polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, carotenoids, lipid content and color; (2) Based on results of the biochemical screening, sub-sets of 44 Bolivian and 39 Peruvian accessions were selected, representing the different species and variation in biochemical attributes; and (3) The selected materials were grown in different environments to identify the agro-ecological conditions were they best express the special properties of commercial interest. The biochemical screening and agromorphological characterization and evaluation revealed that Capsicum accessions from Bolivia and Peru have unique combinations of functional attributes, confirming that a wealth of commercially valuable properties can be found in Capsicum’s primary center of diversity. This study was financed by GIZ

Screening genetic resources of Capsicum peppers in their primary centre of diversity in Bolivia and Peru

For most crops, like Capsicum, their diversity remains under-researched for traits of interest for food, nutrition and other purposes. A small investment in screening this diversity for a wide range of traits is likely to reveal many traditional varieties with distinguished values. One objective of this study was to demonstrate, with Capsicum as model crop, the application of indicators of phenotypic and geographic diversity as effective criteria for selecting promising genebank accessions for multiple uses from crop centers of diversity. A second objective was to evaluate the expression of biochemical and agromorphological properties of the selected Capsicum accessions in different conditions. Four steps were involved: 1) Develop the necessary diversity by expanding genebank collections in Bolivia and Peru; 2) Establish representative subsets of ~100 accessions for biochemical screening of Capsicum fruits; 3) Select promising accessions for different uses after screening; and 4) Examine how these promising accessions express biochemical and agromorphological properties when grown in different environmental conditions. The Peruvian Capsicum collection now contains 712 accessions encompassing all five domesticated species (C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens). The collection in Bolivia now contains 487 accessions, representing all five domesticates plus four wild taxa (C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. caballeroi, C. cardenasii, and C. eximium). Following the biochemical screening, 44 Bolivian and 39 Peruvian accessions were selected as promising, representing wide variation in levels of antioxidant capacity, capsaicinoids, fat, flavonoids, polyphenols, quercetins, tocopherols, and color. In Peru, 23 promising accessions performed well in different environments, while each of the promising Bolivian accessions only performed well in a certain environment. Differences in Capsicum diversity and local contexts led to distinct outcomes in each country. In Peru, mild landraces with high values in health-related attributes were of interest to entrepreneurs. In Bolivia, wild Capsicum have high commercial demand

EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update

Recent insights in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitated updating the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) RA management recommendations. A large international Task Force based decisions on evidence from 3 systematic literature reviews, developing 4 overarching principles and 12 recommendations (vs 3 and 14, respectively, in 2013). The recommendations address conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide, sulfasalazine); glucocorticoids (GC); biological (b) DMARDs (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab), abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, clazakizumab, sarilumab and sirukumab and biosimilar (bs) DMARDs) and targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs (Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors tofacitinib, baricitinib). Monotherapy, combination therapy, treatment strategies (treat-to-target) and the targets of sustained clinical remission (as defined by the American College of Rheumatology-(ACR)-EULAR Boolean or index criteria) or low disease activity are discussed. Cost aspects were taken into consideration. As first strategy, the Task Force recommends MTX (rapid escalation to 25 mg/week) plus short-term GC, aiming at >50% improvement within 3 and target attainment within 6 months. If this fails stratification is recommended. Without unfavourable prognostic markers, switching to—or adding—another csDMARDs (plus short-term GC) is suggested. In the presence of unfavourable prognostic markers (autoantibodies, high disease activity, early erosions, failure of 2 csDMARDs), any bDMARD (current practice) or Jak-inhibitor should be added to the csDMARD. If this fails, any other bDMARD or tsDMARD is recommended. If a patient is in sustained remission, bDMARDs can be tapered. For each recommendation, levels of evidence and Task Force agreement are provided, both mostly very high. These recommendations intend informing rheumatologists, patients, national rheumatology societies, hospital officials, social security agencies and regulators about EULAR's most recent consensus on the management of RA, aimed at attaining best outcomes with current therapies

INNOVA Research Journal

El (Censos, 2016) (INEC), en su encuesta nacional de empleo, desempleo y subempleo en el Ecuador, de marzo de 2016, informó que el 68,6% de las personas en edad de trabajar se considera económicamente activo; de éstos, el 94,3% se consideran con empleo, el 5,7% no cuenta con empleo formal o independiente. De las personas en edad de trabajar 31,4% forman parte de la población económicamente inactiva. El emprendimiento se presenta como una solución que permite generar empleo. A la luz de nuevas investigaciones sobre el consumo de carnes y productos procesados. Está evolucionando las percepciones de la población y se están modificando sus hábitos. Se cuestionan más sobre los efectos en su salud y sobre el impacto ambiental, es mayor la demanda de productos en cuya elaboración se genere un menor nivel de impacto ambiental. Siendo la responsabilidad ambiental, un factor que a las empresas competitivas globales y locales las ha llevado no sólo a cumplir con las disposiciones legales, sino a crear ventajas competitivas a partir de la promoción del trabajo realizado en favor de la protección del medio ambiente. El fomento de emprendimientos con responsabilidad ambiental, mediante el uso de fibras sintéticas y pieles artificiales ayudará a generar herramientas para incrementar el empleo, generando valor con responsabilidad ambiental

Iberoamerican Reviews

Reseñas iberoamericanasIberoamerican Review

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field