withdrawn 2017 hrs ehra ecas aphrs solaece expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation

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Arrhythmias in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Diagnosis and Treatment

In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), it is possible to find a broad range of bradyrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias. Bradyrhythmias and supraventricular arrhythmias can frequently occur in some familial forms such as lamin A/C mutations. Nonsustained ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are observed in about 40% of patients with DCM, but their prognostic role is not clear, and conflicting data have been published in the last 30 years. Multiple mechanisms can explain atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in DCM. Reentry is associated with slow conduction across surviving muscle bundles within regions of interstitial fibrosis, but other mechanisms can be involved, as nonuniform anisotropy of impulse propagation, ion channel dysfunction, and reduced gap junction function

Separation of organic bases by Craig distribution. II. Constellation of diastereomeric N,N'-dibutyl-alpha ,alpha '-diphenylethylenediamines

cf. CA 54, 21642d. Dimerizing redn. of N-benzylidenebutylamine with Al amalgam gave a mixt. of meso-(I)and dl-N,N'-dibutyl-alpha ,alpha '-diphen- ylethylenediamine (II) which were isolated by Craig distribution (Schoenenberger, CA 52, 18274h). The constellations of I and II were detd. by reaction with CH2O to form imidazolines and measurement of the rate of hydrolysis, by reaction with CS2 at room temp., and by infrared spectroscopy. The mixt. of the diastereomeric I and II was prepd. according to Thies and S. (CA 51, 14580g). The mixt. of I and II (5 g.) and 0.65 paraformaldehyde were dissolved in 20 ml. C6H6, the mixt. refluxed 1 hr., C6H6 together with the H2O formed distd., and the residue (a) recrystd. from Bu2O to obtain 86% dl-threo-1,3-dibutyl-4,5-diphenylimidazoline (III), m. 74 Deg, or (b) distd. in vacuo to obtain erythro-I, b0.6 118-20 Deg. The formed imidazolines (3.3 g.) were each hydrolyzed with 20 ml. H2SO4 in 150 ml. H2O in a steam-distn. app. The steam evolution and the vol. of liquid were kept const. by regulation of the heating. CH2O formed was collected in a well-cooled receiver, first in fractions of 20, later 40-60 ml. The distillate was neutralized with 0.5N HCl (thymolphthalein) and the CH2O contents detd. after addn. of Na2SO3 by titration with 0.5N HCl. The results are given in a graph. I (3.2 g.) in 10 ml. CS2 was kept at room temp. 2 days and the crystals formed filtered off, washed with Et2O, and dried (desiccator) to obtain 63% N-dithiocarboxy deriv. of I, m. 119 Deg, v N-H 3328 cm.-1, S-H 2585 cm.-1, which lost CS2 stored at room temp. to form the dithiocarbamate of I. II (3.2 g.) in 10 ml. CS2 was kept 24 hrs. at room temp., CS2 evapd., and the product distd. in vacuo to obtain 50% 1,3-dibutyl-4,5-diphenylimidazoline-2-thione, yellow oil, b0.5 206 Deg. Infrared spectra of I and II are given

The Influenza A PB1-F2 and N40 Start Codons Are Contained within an RNA Pseudoknot

Influenza A is a negative-sense RNA virus with an eight-segment genome. Some segments encode more than one polypeptide product, but how the virus accesses alternate internal open reading frames (ORFs) is not completely understood. In segment 2, ribosomal scanning produces two internal ORFs, PB1-F2 and N40. Here, chemical mapping reveals a Mg²⁺-dependent pseudoknot structure that includes the PB1-F2 and N40 start codons. The results suggest that interactions of the ribosome with the pseudoknot may affect the level of translation for PB1-F2 and N40

Secondary Structure of a Conserved Domain in the Intron of Influenza A NS1 mRNA

<div><p>Influenza A virus is a segmented single-stranded (−)RNA virus that causes substantial annual morbidity and mortality. The transcriptome of influenza A is predicted to have extensive RNA secondary structure. The smallest genome segment, segment 8, encodes two proteins, NS1 and NEP, via alternative splicing. A conserved RNA domain in the intron of segment 8 may be important for regulating production of NS1. Two different multi-branch loop structures have been proposed for this region. A combination of <i>in vitro</i> chemical mapping and isoenergetic microarray techniques demonstrate that the consensus sequence for this region folds into a hairpin conformation. These results provide an alternative folding for this region and a foundation for designing experiments to probe its functional role in the influenza life cycle.</p></div