Avaliação comparativa da perda de retenção de quatro sistemas de encaixes do tipo ERA e O-Ring empregados sob overdentures em função do tempo de uso

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the retentive capacity between two O-ring and O-SO system (Group I), and two ERA system types - white and gray retention caps - (Group II), respectively, in simulated function in database, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years later, with insertion and removal cycles. Two Brånemark implants were fixed in two trapezoidal metallic bases for the tests. Removal and insertion tests were done in a sewing machine, adjusted for this purpose using a belt and a pulley system, moving a steel crankshaft. A delineator platinum hold was used for body trial fixation to the metallic base of the sewing machine. Resistance test to axial movement of the caps by tension was done in a Universal test machine in an established period of time, before and after the cycle accomplishments in the adapted sewing machine. Based on the results, this study concludes that all the attachment systems tested showed retention loss during the experiment; the ERA system showed, since the beginning, higher retention compared to the other systems and the gray colored attachment showed the best result in the end of the simulated use test.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a capacidade retentiva entre dois sistemas O-ring e O-SO (Grupo I) e dois sistemas ERA - cápsulas de retenção cinza e brancas - (Grupo II), em função simulada, com ciclos de inserção e remoção, do início, 6 meses, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 anos depois. Dois implantes do tipo Brånemark foram fixados em duas bases metálicas trapezoidais, sendo os testes de inserção e remoção feitos numa máquina de costura ajustada para este propósito, usando um sistema de correias e polias, movendo um virabrequim. Uma platina de delineador foi usada para fixação dos corpos de prova às bases metálicas na máquina de costura. Os testes de resistência ao movimento axial das cápsulas por tensão foram feitos numa máquina de ensaios universal em períodos de tempo pré-estabelecidos, antes e após o término do ciclo na máquina de costura. Baseado nos resultados, esse estudo pôde concluir que houve perda de retenção de todos os sistemas testados, porém o sistema ERA apresentou, desde o início, maior retenção quando comparado aos outros sistemas e a cápsula cinza mostrou o melhor resultado no final da simulação

Adaptação marginal na interface intermediário-cilindro antes e após as sobrefundições

The aim of this study was to measure marginal fit at cylinder-abutment interface, before and after overcasting procedure. A hexagonal implant was fixed to a stainless steel base and a Estheticone-like abutment used during all the experiment. Before casting procedure, gold (Group I) and Ni-Cr-Be (Group II) premachined cylinders were tightened to the abutment with gold and titanium screws (in both groups), with 10Ncm and 20Ncm torque values for the same screw type. Vertical measures were taken at the light microscope (Mitutoyo 5050, Tokyo, Japan) three times in six different parts along the abutment-cylinder interface for each torque value. Cylinders were overcast with Ag-Pd (Group I) or Ni-Cr-Be (Group II) alloy. After casting, the same measures and torque values were repeated. Intragroup differences (10 or 20Ncm torque values, before and after casting) and intergroup differences (10 and 20Ncm torque values, before or after casting) were analyzed by the Paired t Test; (pO objetivo deste estudo foi medir a adaptação marginal na interface intermediário-cilindro, antes e após a sobrefundição. Um implante do tipo hexágono externo afixado numa base de aço inoxidável e um intermediário do tipo Estheticone foram usados durante todo o experimento. Antes das fundições, cilindros pré-usinados de ouro (Grupo I) e de Ni-Cr-Be (Grupo II) foram aparafusados ao intermediário com parafusos de ouro e titânio em ambos os grupos, com torques de 10Ncm e 20Ncm para o mesmo tipo de parafuso. As medidas verticais foram feitas num microscópio óptico (Mitutoyo 5050, Tóquio, Japão) três vezes em seis locais diferentes ao longo da interface intermediário-cilindro para cada valor de torque. Os cilindros foram encerados e fundidos tanto em liga de Ag-Pd (Grupo I) ou liga de Ni-Cr-Be (Grupo II). Após as fundições, as mesmas medidas e os mesmos valores de torque foram repetidos. As diferenças intra-grupo (torques de 10 ou 20Ncm, antes e após as fundições) e as diferenças inter-grupos (torques de 10 e 20Ncm, antes ou após as fundições) foram analisadas pelo teste t pareado (

The utilization of primary care and emergency services in the SUS of Belo Horizonte : health problems, procedures and choice of services

Avalia-se o uso das unidades básicas e de urgências do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de Belo Horizonte (BH). Objetivos: identificar o principal problema de saúde que o cidadão leva à Unidade de Pronto- atendimento (UPA) e à Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), considerando as especificidades dos níveis de atenção; caracterizar os principais procedimentos de atenção básica e de média complexidade utiliza- dos nesses serviços, comparativamente. Pesquisa do tipo survey, com aplicação direta de questionário fechado a 997 entrevistados, distribuídos em 10 UBSs e 7 UPAs. A demanda que chega aos serviços investigados é por consultas médicas e por procedimentos de enfermagem, motivada por afecções leves, passíveis de atendimento na atenção básica. Os usuários vão à UBS por ser um serviço próximo da residência, de rápido atendimento e de fácil deslocamento, caracterizando boa oferta e capilaridade da Saúde da Família. Verificou-se duplicidade na utilização dos serviços, o que contribui para outras investigações.The use of the Primary Care and Emergency Units of Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS – Brazilian National Health System) was evaluated in the city of Belo Horizonte (Southeastern Brazil). Objectives: to identify the main health problem that the citizen takes to the Emergency Unit and to the Primary Care Unit, considering the specificities of the health care levels; to characterize the main primary level and second level procedures that are used in these services, comparatively. This is a survey in which a closed questionnaire was administered to 997 interviewees from 10 Primary Care Units and 7 Emergency Units. The demand that arrives at the investigated services is for medical consultations and nursing procedures, motivated by minor affections which can be assisted in the Primary Care Unit. Users go to the Primary Care Unit because it is a service that is close to their homes and provides quick assistance, characterizing good offer and capillarity of the Family Health Program. Duplicity in services utilization was verified, which contributes to further investigations

Redução de fósforo em dietas para frangos com base em valores de equivalência da fitase

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of equivalency values of phytase as a basis for reduction of available phosphorus (aP) in broiler diets. Ten nutritional programs were evaluated with six replicates of 15 birds each. The following were evaluated: performance, tibia ash content, and feed costs. From 1 to 7 and 36 to 42 days of age, the birds received basal diet; from 8 to 21 days, diet without phytase containing 3.9 g kg-1 aP and four diets with phytase containing from 1.1 to 2.5 g kg-1 aP; and from 22 to 35 days, diet without phytase containing 3.4 g kg-1 aP plus diet with phytase containing 1.6 g kg-1 aP. The best nutritional plan was formed by the diets: 4.7 g kg-1 aP without phytase (1 to 7 days); 2.0 g kg-1 aP supplemented with phytase (8 to 21 days); 3.4 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (22 to 35 days); and 3.0 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (36 to 42 days). The reduction of aP occurs in the period from 8 to 21 days of age and corresponds to 2.0 g kg-1 of feed supplemented with phytase.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de valores de equivalência da fitase como base para redução de fósforo disponível (P-disp) em dietas para frangos. Foram avaliados dez planos nutricionais com seis repetições de 15 aves cada uma. Avaliaram-se: desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e custo da ração. De 1 a 7 e de 36 a 42 dias de idade, as aves receberam dieta basal; de 8 a 21 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,9 g kg-1 de P-disp e quatro dietas com fitase contendo de 1,1 a 2,5 g kg-1 de P-disp; e de 22 a 35 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp mais dieta com fitase contendo 1,6 g kg-1 de P-disp. O melhor plano nutricional foi composto pelas dietas: 4,7 g kg-1 de P-disp sem fitase (1 a 7 dias); 2,0 g kg-1 de P-disp suplementada com fitase (8 a 21 dias); 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (22 a 35 dias); e 3,0 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (36 a 42 dias). A redução do P-disp ocorre no período de 8 a 21 dias de idade e corresponde a 2,0 g kg-1 de ração suplementada com fitase

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks