Managerial qualities and management development in the National Health Services

This research was initiated in order to establish the relationship between managerial meta-qualities and the learning style preferences of a senior manager having board level responsibilities. In this connection, the National Health Service (NHS) of the England and Wales was selected for the study. It is one of the largest organizations, complex in operations, having multiple objectives to attain. In the last three decades it is experiencing an on-going complex process of change due to political, economical, social and ethical reasons. Literature search found that no similar researches were completed before. This presumption was subsequently endorsed by those academics involved when consulted It is evident that previous researches have taken diversity from the two main concepts: managerial meta-qualities and learning style preferences since. Popular instruments were used to check the manager profiles, the metaqualities profile and the Learning style preferences profile. The hypothesis tested the relationships between the two key variables, and its significance. The null hypothesis suggests that there exist no relationships. Further, this research contributes knowledge on certain facts where there are necessities for further examination in the future. From the strength of the data it was concluded that having evidence for relationships in two combinations of the sub variables: Mental-agilityReflector and Self-knowledge-Theorist. No relationship found between the two key variables in its consolidated profile state. The observed relationships were quite significant for the high score group compared to that of low score group. Research results also used to predict a balanced learner profile using the pertinent learning style preferences profile. Finally it recommends further imminent researches in this area, certainly with larger sample base

Ultrasound morphology of carotid plaque and its link with lipid: protein content and 3d microstructure of the plaque.

the 22nd Meeting of the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics (ESNCH), 19-21 May 2017. Berlin, Germany, and published in the International Journal of Stroke 12(1S): 57 (Poster 101), May 2017. ISSN: 1747-4930, eISSN: 1747-4949

Analytical approximations for curved primordial power spectra

We extend the work of Contaldi et al. and derive analytical approximations for primordial power spectra arising from models of inflation which include primordial spatial curvature. These analytical templates are independent of any specific inflationary potential and therefore illustrate and provide insight into the generic effects and predictions of primordial curvature, manifesting as cut-offs and oscillations at low multipoles and agreeing with numerical calculations. We identify through our analytical approximation that the effects of curvature can be mathematically attributed to shifts in the wavevectors participating dynamically.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4024321. v1: As submitted to PRD. v2: As published in PRD (with only minor additions between v1 and v2

On Graviton non-Gaussianities in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation

We derive parity-even graviton bispectra in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation (EFToI) to all orders in derivatives. Working in perturbation theory, we construct all cubic interactions that can contribute to tree-level graviton bispectra, showing that they all come from EFToI operators containing two or three powers of the extrinsic curvature and its covariant derivatives: all other operators can be removed by field redefinitions or start at higher-order in perturbations. For operators cubic in the extrinsic curvature, where the single-clock consistency relations are satisfied without a correction to the graviton two-point function, we use the Manifestly Local Test (MLT) to efficiently extract the effects of evolving graviton fluctuations to the end of inflation. Despite the somewhat complicated nature of the bulk interactions, the final boundary correlators take a very compact form. For operators quadratic in the extrinsic curvature, the leading order bispectra are a sum of contact and single exchange diagrams, which are tied together by spatial diffeomorphisms, and to all orders in derivatives we derive these bispectra by computing the necessary bulk time integrals. For single exchange diagrams we exploit factorisation properties of the bulk-bulk propagator for massless gravitons and write the result as a finite sum over residues. Perhaps surprisingly, we show these single exchange contributions have only total-energy poles and also satisfy the MLT

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

XAI for Group-AI Interaction: Towards Collaborative and Inclusive Explanations

The increasing integration of Machine Learning (ML) into decision-making across various sectors has raised concerns about ethics, legality, explainability, and safety, highlighting the necessity of human oversight. In response, eXplainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a means to enhance transparency by providing insights into ML model decisions and offering humans an understanding of the underlying logic. Despite its potential, existing XAI models often lack practical usability and fail to improve human-AI performance, as they may introduce issues such as overreliance. This underscores the need for further research in Human-Centered XAI to improve the usability of current XAI methods. Notably, much of the current research focuses on one-to-one interactions between the XAI and individual decision-makers, overlooking the dynamics of many-to-one relationships in real-world scenarios where groups of humans collaborate using XAI in collective decision-making. In this late-breaking work, we draw upon current work in Human-Centered XAI research and discuss how XAI design could be transitioned to group-AI interaction. We discuss four potential challenges in the transition of XAI from human-AI interaction to group-AI interaction. This paper contributes to advancing the field of Human-Centered XAI and facilitates the discussion on group-XAI interaction, calling for further research in this area

Association of mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics and anastomotic leak following left sided colorectal resection:an international, multi-centre, prospective audit

Introduction: The optimal bowel preparation strategy to minimise the risk of anastomotic leak is yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine whether oral antibiotics combined with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP+Abx) was associated with a reduced risk of anastomotic leak when compared to mechanical bowel preparation alone (MBP) or no bowel preparation (NBP). Methods: A pre-planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) 2017 Left Sided Colorectal Resection audit was performed. Patients undergoing elective left sided colonic or rectal resection with primary anastomosis between 1 January 2017 and 15 March 2017 by any operative approach were included. The primary outcome measure was anastomotic leak. Results: Of 3676 patients across 343 centres in 47 countries, 618 (16.8%) received MBP+ABx, 1945 MBP (52.9%) and 1099 patients NBP (29.9%). Patients undergoing MBP+ABx had the lowest overall rate of anastomotic leak (6.1%, 9.2%, 8.7% respectively) in unadjusted analysis. After case-mix adjustment using a mixed-effects multivariable regression model, MBP+Abx was associated with a lower risk of anastomotic leak (OR 0.52, 0.30–0.92, P = 0.02) but MBP was not (OR 0.92, 0.63–1.36, P = 0.69) compared to NBP. Conclusion: This non-randomised study adds ‘real-world’, contemporaneous, and prospective evidence of the beneficial effects of combined mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics in the prevention of anastomotic leak following left sided colorectal resection across diverse settings. We have also demonstrated limited uptake of this strategy in current international colorectal practice