33,857 research outputs found
Unified Analysis of Collapsible and Ordered Pushdown Automata via Term Rewriting
We model collapsible and ordered pushdown systems with term rewriting, by
encoding higher-order stacks and multiple stacks into trees. We show a uniform
inverse preservation of recognizability result for the resulting class of term
rewriting systems, which is obtained by extending the classic saturation-based
approach. This result subsumes and unifies similar analyses on collapsible and
ordered pushdown systems. Despite the rich literature on inverse preservation
of recognizability for term rewrite systems, our result does not seem to follow
from any previous study.Comment: in Proc. of FRE
Necessary and sufficient conditions for macroscopic realism from quantum mechanics
Macroscopic realism, the classical world view that macroscopic objects exist
independently of and are not influenced by measurements, is usually tested
using Leggett-Garg inequalities. Recently, another necessary condition called
no-signaling in time (NSIT) has been proposed as a witness for non-classical
behavior. In this paper, we show that a combination of NSIT conditions is not
only necessary but also sufficient for a macrorealistic description of a
physical system. Any violation of macroscopic realism must therefore be
witnessed by a suitable NSIT condition. Subsequently, we derive an operational
formulation for NSIT in terms of positive operator-valued measurements and the
system Hamiltonian. We argue that this leads to a suitable definition of
"classical" measurements and Hamiltonians, and apply our formalism to some
generic coarse-grained quantum measurements.Comment: 10 pages, published versio
âInterruptedâ landscapes: post-earthquake reconstruction in between urban renewal and social identity of local communities
Il presente saggio vuole affrontare il tema della ricostruzione postsismica con un'attenzione alla questione del paesaggio, termine che lega in maniera indissolubile la realtĂ fisica del territorio a quei valori immateriali (storici, culturali, produttivi, enogastronomici, ecc.) che costituiscono l'identitĂ dei luoghi. In questo senso si intendono âpaesaggi interrottiâ i luoghi distrutti dal sisma, perchĂš sono state interrotte le storie che legano gli abitanti al luogo, Ăš stato interrotto quel processo di narrazione continua e di attribuzione di senso e significati che avviene tra una collettivitĂ e il suo territorio. La ricerca parte dall'analisi delle recenti ricostruzioni post-sistmiche, che hanno oscillato tra le due idee opposte di new town, poco distanti dalle cittĂ distrutte e ricostruzione âdov'era, com'eraâ. Il saggio indaga la dimensione sociale e semiologica del paesaggio, riflettendo sul tema dell'identitĂ sociale, sull'attaccamento al luogo da parte degli abitanti, anche con l'obiettivo di definire linee guida e strategie progettuali per la ricostruzione sostenibile dei paesi distrutti dal sisma e da altri eventi disastrosi. In particolare vengono definite azioni di governance, strategie resilienti a partire dal coinvolgimento delle comunitĂ locali e buone pratiche per la ricostruzione secondo un approccio paesaggistico al progetto urbano
Compelled to control: conflicting visions of the future of cyberspace
This report looks at the desire among states for greater control over the digital domain. It considers the convergence of controlling desires among the major cyberpowers and examines some of the main dynamics of the Russian and Chinese positions. Their positions are examined relative to each other and to the Western consensus. The paper analyses the potential implications for the global internet and the impact that developing countries may have on the dialogue
Federal Asbestos Legislation: The Winners Are ...
Under the guise of providing aid to victims of asbestos-related illnesses, a small group of companies has lobbied for and won relief from their liability worth tens of billions of dollars in the Senate's asbestos trust fund bill, according to this Public Citizen report.Their success in protecting their corporate interests, however, will sharply reduce the funds under the legislation that will be available to asbestos victims, the report finds. Meanwhile, some of the nation's largest financial investment firms have spent millions of dollars in lobbying and campaign contributions to position themselves to score big rewards should the legislation pass.The big winners in the legislation, S. 852, include a handful of Fortune 500 companies -- Dow Chemical, Ford, General Electric, General Motors, Honeywell, Pfizer and Viacom -- and at least 10 asbestos makers that have filed for bankruptcy.Public Citizen found an intense Capitol Hill lobbying campaign on behalf of the Fortune 500 companies to win the financial concession was spearheaded by a relatively unknown entity called the Asbestos Study Group (ASG), which refuses to make its full membership list public
Reachability analysis of first-order definable pushdown systems
We study pushdown systems where control states, stack alphabet, and
transition relation, instead of being finite, are first-order definable in a
fixed countably-infinite structure. We show that the reachability analysis can
be addressed with the well-known saturation technique for the wide class of
oligomorphic structures. Moreover, for the more restrictive homogeneous
structures, we are able to give concrete complexity upper bounds. We show ample
applicability of our technique by presenting several concrete examples of
homogeneous structures, subsuming, with optimal complexity, known results from
the literature. We show that infinitely many such examples of homogeneous
structures can be obtained with the classical wreath product construction.Comment: to appear in CSL'1
Spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami Operator and the Phase Structure of Causal Dynamical Triangulation
We propose a new method to characterize the different phases observed in the
non-perturbative numerical approach to quantum gravity known as Causal
Dynamical Triangulation. The method is based on the analysis of the eigenvalues
and the eigenvectors of the Laplace-Beltrami operator computed on the
triangulations: it generalizes previous works based on the analysis of
diffusive processes and proves capable of providing more detailed information
on the geometric properties of the triangulations. In particular, we apply the
method to the analysis of spatial slices, showing that the different phases can
be characterized by a new order parameter related to the presence or absence of
a gap in the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, and deriving an
effective dimensionality of the slices at the different scales. We also propose
quantities derived from the spectrum that could be used to monitor the running
to the continuum limit around a suitable critical point in the phase diagram,
if any is found.Comment: 21 pages, 26 figures, 2 table
Timed pushdown automata revisited
This paper contains two results on timed extensions of pushdown automata
(PDA). As our first result we prove that the model of dense-timed PDA of
Abdulla et al. collapses: it is expressively equivalent to dense-timed PDA with
timeless stack. Motivated by this result, we advocate the framework of
first-order definable PDA, a specialization of PDA in sets with atoms, as the
right setting to define and investigate timed extensions of PDA. The general
model obtained in this way is Turing complete. As our second result we prove
NEXPTIME upper complexity bound for the non-emptiness problem for an expressive
subclass. As a byproduct, we obtain a tight EXPTIME complexity bound for a more
restrictive subclass of PDA with timeless stack, thus subsuming the complexity
bound known for dense-timed PDA.Comment: full technical report of LICS'15 pape
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