A eficácia dos Bancos de Alimentos de Minas Gerais no combate às perdas e desperdícios de alimentos

Bancos de Alimentos são equipamentos públicos de segurança alimentar e nutricional destinados a captar alimentos perdidos e desperdiçados ao longo da cadeia produtiva e distribuir para pessoas em vulnerabilidade social e alimentar. Este estudo buscou verificar se a operacionalização do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos interfere na eficácia quanto ao propósito precípuo de combate às perdas e desperdícios de alimentos de 10 Bancos de Alimentos públicos municipais de Minas Gerais. Estudo transversal descritivo, de enfoque avaliativo misto, integrando abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa. Avaliação externa, de natureza somativa e realizada “ex-post”. A coleta de dados se deu por entrevista estruturada, submetida à análise de conteúdo, e pesquisa documental retrospectiva para construção de indicadores de eficácia. Em 90% dos equipamentos verificou-se uma crescente participação do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos em detrimento ao cumprimento do objetivo primordial de combate às perdas e desperdícios de alimentos, interferindo na eficácia dos Bancos de Alimentos de Minas Gerais. Mais estudos são necessários para verificar se há resultados semelhantes em outros Bancos de Alimentos do país

Estado nutricional e programa bolsa família no semiárido mineiro: um estudo longitudinal/ Nutritional status and the bolsa família program in minas gerais : a longitudinal study

Introduction: The nutritional status during child growth is the measure that best defines the child's health, and further, it is an indicator of economic inequality. To improve the food and nutritional status, social programs, such as the Bolsa Família Program (BFP), have been enforced in Brazil with the objective of increasing the income of families with a low socioeconomic status.Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between enrollment in this program and the nutritional status of adolescents living in the city of Berilo who were evaluated in the preschool phase in 2004 and reassessed in 2016.Methods: The nutritional status was evaluated based on the height and body mass index according to the age. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test of homogeneity, and the final model was analyzed using the logistic regression method. Results: There was an association between the access of the participants to the BFP and the socioeconomic condition of the household. On comparing the nutritional status of the children between 2004 and 2016, it was verified that the incidence of malnutrition decreased from 13.0% to 1.5% and that of being overweight increased from 5.1% to 17.8%; however, these changes were not associated with enrollment in the program.Conclusion: The nutritional status of the adolescents assessed improved between 2004 and 2016, regardless of enrollment in BFP.Introduction: The nutritional status during child growth is the measure that best defines the child's health, and further, it is an indicator of economic inequality. To improve the food and nutritional status, social programs, such as the Bolsa Família Program (BFP), have been enforced in Brazil with the objective of increasing the income of families with a low socioeconomic status. Objective: This study aimed to verify the association between enrollment in this program and the nutritional status of adolescents living in the city of Berilo who were evaluated in the preschool phase in 2004 and reassessed in 2016. Methods: The nutritional status was evaluated based on the height and body mass index according to the age. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test of homogeneity, and the final model was analyzed using the logistic regression method. Results: There was an association between the access of the participants to the BFP and the socioeconomic condition of the household. On comparing the nutritional status of the children between 2004 and 2016, it was verified that the incidence of malnutrition decreased from 13.0% to 1.5% and that of being overweight increased from 5.1% to 17.8%; however, these changes were not associated with enrollment in the program. Conclusion: The nutritional status of the adolescents assessed improved between 2004 and 2016, regardless of enrollment in BFP

Qualidade da dieta de nutrizes utilizando o Índice de Alimentação Saudável

Goal: To evaluate the overall diet quality of the nursing mothers using the Healthy Eating Index as an instrument. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional-observational-epidemiological study using as data collection instrument a semi-structured questionnaire to characterize the sample and the habitual intake reminder. The diet quality was evaluated through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) validated to the Brazilian population. For the analysis, we estimated the means and standard deviations, the medians and interquartile ranges of the HEI total and of each component. We used the Kolmogorov-Sminorv test to verify the normality of the data. HEI total score averages by groups according to socio-demographic, nutritional and obstetric variables were assessed using Student's t-tests, ANOVA and Tukey's “post hoc” test. Results: A total of 106 nursing mothers with a mean HEI score of 64.36 ± 10.68 were studied. Foods from the group of total fruit, whole fruit, total cereal, whole cereal and milk and dairy products were the components of HEI of the nursing mothers with lower scores, and with a higher frequency of minimum score. It was possible to observe a low intake of total fruits, whole fruits, total cereals, whole cereal and milk and dairy products. Comparing the means and medians of the total HEI score with the demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional and obstetric variables of the nursing mothers, we observed that women with 12 or more years of completed study had a significantly higher mean in relation to the less educated mothers.Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad global de la dieta de las amamantadoras mediante el instrumento o Índice de Alimentación Saludable. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico observacional transversal, teniendo como instrumentos de colecta de datos un cuestionario semiestructurado para la caracterización de la muestra y el registro de ingestión habitual. La calidad de la dieta ha sido evaluada por el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS) validado para la población brasileña. Para los análisis, se estimaron las medias y desvíos estándar, las medianas e intervalos intercuartílicos del IAS total y de cada componente. Se utilizó el test  de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para probar la normalidad de los datos. Las medias de puntuación total del IAS por grupos de acuerdo con las variables sociodemográficas, nutricionales y obstétricas se evaluaron utilizando los tests t de Student, ANOVA y Test "post hoc" de Tukey. Resultados: Se evaluaron 106 amamantadoras con media de puntuación del IAS total de 64,36±10,68 y los alimentos del grupo de las frutas total, fruta entera, cereal total, cereal integral y leche y derivados, fueron los componentes del IAS de las amamantadoras con menores puntuaciones, y con mayor frecuencia de nota mínima. Fue posible ver un bajo consumo de frutas totales, frutas enteras, cereales totales, cereales integrales y leche y derivados. En la comparación entre las medias y medianas de la puntuación total del IAS con las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, nutricionales y obstétricas de las amamantadoras, se observó que mujeres con 12 o más años de estudio completo han tenido media significativamente mayor en relación a las amamantadoras con menor escolaridad.Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade global da dieta das nutrizes utilizando como instrumento o Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, tendo como instrumentos de coleta dos dados, um questionário semiestruturado para caracterização da amostra e o recordatório de ingestão habitual. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS) validado para a população brasileira. Para as análises, foram estimadas as médias e desvios padrão, as medianas e intervalos interquartílicos do IAS total e de cada componente. Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para testar a normalidade dos dados. As médias de pontuação total do IAS por grupos de acordo com as variáveis sociodemográficas, nutricionais e obstétricas foram avaliadas utilizando os testes t de Student, ANOVA e Teste “post hoc” de Tukey.Resultados: Foram estudadas 106 nutrizes com média de pontuação do IAS total de 64,36±10,68 e os alimentos do grupo das frutas total, fruta inteira, cereal total, cereal integral e leite e derivados, foram os componentes do IAS das nutrizes com menores pontuações, e com maior frequência de nota mínima. Foi possível observar um baixo consumo de frutas totais, frutas inteiras, cereais totais, cereais integrais e leite e derivados. Na comparação entre as médias e medianas da pontuação total do IAS com as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, nutricionais e obstétricas das nutrizes, observou-se que mulheres com 12 ou mais anos de estudo completos tiveram média significativamente maior em relação às nutrizes com menor escolaridade

Correlation between Bipolar Affective Disorder and Suicide Reviewing by the Risk Factors: a Systematic Review

Background: Because there are several reports associations between affective (AD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide, the research develops a discussion of risk factors that inflence the occurrence of suicide attempts in patients with BD.Objectives: To relate risk factors present in patients with bipolar disorder who committed suicide or some suicide attempt.Methods: A survey was made in Scopus with the keyword "bipolar" and the terms "suicide" and "attempted"and "risk factors" from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). We use only Scopus as the data source, and the statistical information available in tables and graphs provided from this source.Results: Frequently the AD and BD were associated with suicide occurrence in the studies included in this review. They identifid the main risk factors for suicide the previous suicide attempt and hopelessness. The main risk factors for nonfatal suicidal behavior included family history of suicide, early onset of bipolar disorder, extent of depressive symptoms, increasing severity of affective episodes, the presence of mixed affective states, rapid cycling, comorbid Axis I disorders, and abuse of alcohol or drugs. The suicide rate in this disorder reaches three times compared with other mental illnesses, and there are several risk factors: 3:1 ratio of suicide in men compared to women, but in females a greater number of attempts are observed. 25% of persons consume alcohol prior to suicidal attempt. The studies relate these factors and show how they can pose a risk to the carrier of the disorder. There are other risk factor for BD discussed on this review.Conclusions: It is inferred that the factors related to the risk of suicide in patients with bipolar disorder are important to enable the development of strategies designed to identify a possible suicidal ideation, prevention and control of these deaths. These elements are well characterized and defied in the studies

Da saúde enquanto um direito constitucional até a política nacional de assistência farmacêutica

As políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil passaram por intensas modificações conforme o passar dos anos, governos e mobilizações; atuando sobre diversas realidades econômicas, sociais ou ambientais, e variando conforme a economia, natureza do regime e nível de atuação dos diferentes atores sociais. As políticas voltadas à assistência farmacêutica e ao acesso à medicamentos trazem em si desafios inerentes à aplicação dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde em um país de dimensões continentais. A Política Nacional de Assistência farmacêutica é o resultado da luta dos movimentos e controle social e foi pensada com o intuito de ter caráter intersetorial afim de nortear políticas setoriais, levando em consideração a realidade e problemas relacionados à assistência farmacêutica à época em que foi implantada. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar um apanhado histórico da constituição da saúde pública brasileira a partir de seus principais marcos legais e históricos até a aprovação da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica (PNAF). Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa no período de dezembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023 nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), na biblioteca virtual Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e sites governamentais, utilizando descritores em saúde relacionados à história da saúde pública brasileira e instituição da PNAF. Este estudo permitiu compreender de forma ampla os marcos históricos e legais que antecederam a concepção, criação e instituição da PNAF, marcada fortemente pelo processo de construção coletiva, fundamentada no controle social

Ayacucho : ¿cómo vamos en educación?

Reúne información estadística relevante de la situación actual de la educación de la región Ayacucho, ha sido hecho para servir como una guía informativa amigable de todos aquellos actores de la región que puedan influir positivamente en su realidad educativa. Entre 2004 y 2013, las tasas de asistencia de Ayacucho para los tres niveles de educación básica regular han aumentado y son relativamente similares a las nacionales. En primaria, la tasa de asistencia pasó de 86.2% a 94.1%. El acceso a educación inicial aumentó de manera más claras en el período, pasando de 44.3% en el 2004 a 80.4% en 2013. En el nivel secundaria, la tasa de asistencia pasó de 57.7% en el 2004 a 76.5% en el 2013. En 2014, el número de alumnos por docente en Ayacucho en inicial (14), primaria (11) y secundaria (10), son menores a los valores nacionales (16, 14 y 11 respectivamente). En el nivel inicial, la mayoría de provincias tiene valores entre 11 y 15 estudiantes por docente, pero son más heterogéneos en los niveles de primaria y secundaria. Ayacucho presenta similares tasas de desaprobación y retiro con respecto a todo el país, tanto en primaria como en secundaria. Sin embargo, el atraso escolar en primaria y secundaria en Ayacucho (13.0% y 25.3% respectivamente), supera a los niveles nacionales (8.8% y 13.7% respectivamente). El porcentaje de desaprobados en primaria en las provincias de Ayacucho fluctúa desde 1.6% en Parinacochas hasta 7.1% en Vilcashuamán, en tanto que en secundaria oscila entre 1.7% en Parinacochas y 13.7% en Huanca Sancos. En ambos casos, la mayoría de distritos tiene menos del 10% de estudiantes con atraso escolar, aunque en secundaria la cantidad de distritos con más del 20% de atraso es mayor a dicho 10%. En cuanto al porcentaje de retirados en 2013, la mayoría de distritos en primaria y secundaria se ubican debajo de 8.0%. Sin embargo, en secundaria hay una cantidad significativa de distritos con más de 8% de retiro

<i>Gaia</i> Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties

Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue. Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues – a realisation of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) – and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean G-band magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of ∼3000 Cepheid and RR-Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr−1 for the proper motions. A systematic component of ∼0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of ∼94 000 HIPPARCOS stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr−1. For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is ∼10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to ∼0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the next Gaia data release, which will feature five-parameter astrometry for all sources. Extensive validation shows that Gaia DR1 represents a major advance in the mapping of the heavens and the availability of basic stellar data that underpin observational astrophysics. Nevertheless, the very preliminary nature of this first Gaia data release does lead to a number of important limitations to the data quality which should be carefully considered before drawing conclusions from the data

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30