Objetivos do Desenvolvimento sustentável: panorama das estratégias de políticas locais ambientais em municípios baianos

A preocupação com os problemas ambientais tem sido pauta em estudos por todo o mundo, estratégias vêm sendo utilizadas pelas gestões locais para a redução dos danos ambientais causados. Desta forma, práticas e medidas sustentáveis estão sendoempregadas estrategicamente na promoção de políticas públicas locais ambientais, objetivando o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável. Perante esse contexto, torna-se emergente a adoção de estratégias de gestão com vistas às medidas alinhadas aosObjetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), da Agenda 2030, que representa compromissos assumidos pelos países para possibilitar o desenvolvimento sustentável, por exemplo, o ODS nº 11, busca “tornar as cidades e os assentamentos urbanos,inclusivos, seguros, resilientes e sustentáveis”

IPTU e os incentivos sustentáveis nas capitais da região nordeste

O tema meio ambiente causa uma importante preocupação na sociedade, sendo constantemente debatido ao redor do mundo procurando-se formas para que ocorra a sua conservação e preservação. Um desafio, conciliar amplo interesses com a condições na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos que habitam no planeta terra. Daí mitigar os efeitos dos impactos ao ecossistema, como por exemplo redução nos níveis de poluição e emissões carbono, demanda ações e regulamentações que propicie essas condições

Incentivos Fiscais com Finalidade Ambiental: Um estudo comparado do IPTU Verde nos municípios de Salvador e Feira de Santana

A Tributação Ecológica pode ser utilizada para angariar receitas para projetos ambientais, para tributar condutas maléficas à biodiversidade, além de servir de estímulo às boas práticas ao meio ambiente por meio dos incentivos fiscais. Em países com altacarga tributária, como no Brasil, adotar a tributação verde na figura dos benefícios tributários torna-se uma ação mais assertiva (Cavalcante, 2012)

ANÁLISE DA ADOÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS VERDES NO MUNICÍPIO DE CURITIBA

A Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano, realizado no ano de 1972 rompeu com o ideal de uma natureza com recursos inesgotáveis. Este ponto despertou a busca por instrumentos que incentivem o desenvolvimento sustentável. O Estado e seus municípios despertaram a atenção para o uso e distribuição dos recursos naturais. Notou-se então a necessidade de gerir melhor os recursos, visando atender de forma mais eficiente as demandas da sociedade

Análise comparativa da utilização da metodologia de Friedewald e a de Martin na avaliação de perfil lipídico em pacientes do Centro de atendimento comunitário do UniCEUB (CAC)

As lipoproteínas são substâncias plasmáticas que carregam colesterol em diferentes densidades. A lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) e da lipoproteína de densidade muito baixa (VLDL-c) têm importâncias clínicas significativas, pois, quando elevadas, podem desencadear doenças arteriais coronarianas. A concentração dessas substâncias é obtida por cálculos matemáticos, mas devido à essa grande importância clínica, é exigido resultados precisos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar estatisticamente os valores de LDL-c e VLDL-c obtidos pela equação de Friedewald e os obtidos pela fórmula de Martin a partir de prontuários coletados no Laboratório-Escola de Análises Clínicas do UniCEUB (CAC). Foram analisados 509 pacientes, sendo 349 do gênero feminino (68,6%) e 160 do gênero masculino (31,4%). A análise por teste-t pareado nos evidenciou que há diferença estatística significativa entre as estimativas de LDL-c pelas duas metodologias (média(m) = 22 mg/dL; média(f) = 23 mg/dL; t = 4,1; p 0,0001). Também houve diferença para o VLDL-c (média(m) = 115 mg/dL; média(f) = 114 mg/dL; t = 4,8; p 0,0001). A mesma situação se observou ao comparar os LDL-c de pacientes com TG 150 (desejável) e os com TG 150 (diferente do desejável), sendo os índices estatísticos, respectivamente, (média(m) = 115 mg/dL; média(f) = 111 mg/dL; t = 6,9; p 0,0001) e (média(m) = 133 mg/dL; média(f) = 126 mg/dL; t = 12,7; p 0,0001). Além da relevância estatística apresentada, este estudo também demonstrou que há relevância clínica significativa se utilizarmos a metodologia de Martin em detrimento da anterior. Dos 509 pacientes, a metodologia de Friedewald subestimou os valores de LDL-c de 28 pacientes, classificando-os em um grupo de risco inferior, assim como também superestimou os valores de LDL-c de 19 pacientes, classificando-os em um grupo de risco superior. Além disso, também superestimou os valores de VLDL-c de 34 pacientes. Esses vieses acarretam impacto na vida dessas pessoas, tendo em vista que receberiam diagnóstico e terapêutica diferentes se utilizassem métodos diferentes. Portanto, conforme a relevância estatística e clínica, a metodologia de Friedewald pode ser substituída pela de Martin sem prejuízo à confiabilidade dos resultados de perfil lipídico apresentados na rotina laboratorial

Photobiomodulation therapy reduces postoperative pain after third molar extractions:a randomized clinical trial

To assess the efficacy of PBMT on reducing postoperative pain scores in patients submitted to third molar extractions. A randomized controlled trial (ReBEC:RBR-94BCKZ) was designed according to the SPIRIT and followed the CONSORT. Patients were randomly allocated according to control or PBMT groups. PBMT consisted of the application of GaAlAs laser (808nm;50mW) applied in six points (1.23 min;11 J/cm2) after extraction. Pain scores were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in millimeters evaluated after 6 (T6), 24 (T24), and 48 (T48) hours. The Wilcoxon Mann?Whitney test was used to check for possible associations between VAS scores and treatment groups. A total of 101 third molar extractions were performed in 44 patients. The mean age was 28 years old(SD±11.54). Comparing control and intervention, PBMT group showed a significant effect on the reduction of postoperative pain at T6(mean VAS=0.9; C.I:0.63?1.16) compared to control (mean VAS=2.5;C.I:2.1?2.88)(p<0.001). The same statistically significant effect on the reduction of postoperative pain was observed at T24 (PBMT mean VAS=0.72;C.I:0.51?0.93; control mean VAS=2.86;C.I:2.40?3.31;p<0.001) and T48 (PBMT mean VAS=0.64;C.I:0.36?0.92; control mean VAS=2.86;C.I:2.37?3.34;p<0.001). PBMT significantly reduce the postoperative pain scores when assessed 6, 24, and 48 hours after third molar extractions

Variabilidade genética e sua interpretação - estudos no Rio Grande do Sul

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Multidimensional assessment of institutionalized elderly: the reality of a brazilian institution

Background: The population aging in Brazil is characterized by the accumulation of progressive disabilities in their functional activities and daily life. To consider the elderlies in his/her multiple dimensions turns out to be a critical issue to improvetheir assistance to an institu-tionalized level, improving their health and quality of life. To perform a mini-overall evaluation of institutionalized elderly person to trace their profile in relation to the socio-demographic, functional capacity, nutritional status and cognition. Methods: Descriptive study, with a cross-sectional design and quan-titative approach performed in a long - stay institution for the elderly in Natal, RN. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Com-mittee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under opinion number 164/2011.Results: 63.3% of the elderly were female, with ages varying from 61 to 103 years. 60.0% were single; 56.7% were literate. 66.7% had no children and 55% lived with their families before the institutio-nalization. As for the institutionalization time, 63.3% resided in the institution for four years. As what concerns the aspects of health, 73.3% of the elderly presented hearing difficulties, 90% make use of medicines predominantly to diabetes and hypertension. There is clear evidence that the institutionalization has been harmful to the elderly as with regards basic activities of daily living, nutritional status and cognitive aspects. Conclusion: The progressive disability in functional activities of daily life interferes directly in the quality of life, increasing dependency and minimizing the autonomy of these individuals. It is necessary to effec-tive implementation of public policies directed to the institutionalized elderly from the perspective of effective actions for improved attention and assistance

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe