An In-depth Look at TOI-3884b: A Super-Neptune Transiting an M4Dwarf with Persistent Starspot Crossings

We perform an in-depth analysis of the recently validated TOI-3884 system, an M4-dwarf star with a transiting super-Neptune. Using high-precision light curves obtained with the 3.5 m Apache Point Observatory and radial velocity observations with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder, we derive a planetary mass of 32.6 − 7.4 + 7.3 M ⊕ and radius of 6.4 ± 0.2 R ⊕. We detect a distinct starspot crossing event occurring just after ingress and spanning half the transit for every transit. We determine this spot feature to be wavelength dependent with the amplitude and duration evolving slightly over time. Best-fit starspot models show that TOI-3884b possesses a misaligned (λ = 75° ± 10°) orbit that crosses a giant pole spot. This system presents a rare opportunity for studies into the nature of both a misaligned super-Neptune and spot evolution on an active mid-M dwarf. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

An In-Depth Look at TOI-3884b: a Super-Neptune Transiting a M4 Dwarf with Persistent Star Spot Crossings

We perform an in-depth analysis of the recently validated TOI-3884 system, an M4 dwarf star with a transiting super-Neptune. Using high precision light curves obtained with the 3.5 m Apache Point Observatory and radial velocity observations with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF), we derive a planetary mass of 32.6 +7.3 -7.4 Earth Masses and radius of 6.4 +/- 0.2 Earth Radii. We detect a distinct star spot crossing event occurring just after ingress and spanning half the transit for every transit. We determine this spot feature to be wavelength-dependent with the amplitude and duration evolving slightly over time. Best-fit star spot models show that TOI-3884b possesses a misaligned ($\lambda$ = 75 +\- 10 degrees) orbit which crosses a giant pole-spot. This system presents a rare opportunity for studies into the nature of both a misaligned super-Neptune and spot evolution on an active mid-M dwarf.Comment: Accepted to A