Habeas Corpus: Requirement of Exhaustion of State Remedies Before Issuance of Writ Limited to State of Detention

NMR experiments performed under the effect of electric fields, either continuous or pulsed, can provide quantitative parameters related to ion association and ion transport in solution.  Electrophoretic NMR (eNMR) is based on a diffusion pulse-sequence with electric fields applied in the form of pulses. Magnetic field gradients enable the measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of charged species, a parameter that can be related to ionic association. The effective charge of the tetramethylammonium cation ion in water, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, methanol and ethanol was estimated by eNMR and diffusion measurements and compared to the value predicted by the Debye-Hückel-Onsager limiting law. The difference between the predicted and measured effective charge was attributed to ion pairing which was found to be especially significant in ethanol. The association of a large set of cations to polyethylene oxide (PEO) in methanol, through the ion-dipole interaction, was quantified by eNMR. The trends found were in good agreement with the scarce data from other methods. Significant association was found for cations that have a surface charge density below a critical value. For short PEO chains, the charge per monomer was found to be significantly higher than for longer PEO chains when binding to the same cations. This was attributed to the high entropy cost required to rearrange a long chain in order to optimize the ion-dipole interactions with the cations. Moreover, it was suggested that short PEO chains may exhibit distinct binding modes in the presence of different cations, as supported by diffusion measurements, relaxation measurements and chemical shift data. The protonation state of a uranium (VI)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) complex in aqueous solution was measured by eNMR in the alkaline pH range. The question whether or not specific oxygens in the ligand were protonated was resolved by considering the possible association of other species present in the solution to the complex. The methodology of eNMR was developed through the introduction of a new pulse-sequence which suppresses artifactual flow effects in highly conductive samples. In another experimental setup, using NMR imaging, a constant current was applied to a lithium ion (Li ion) battery model. Here, 7Li spin-echo imaging was used to probe the spin density in the electrolyte and thus visualize the development of Li+ concentration gradients. The Li+ transport number and salt diffusivity were obtained within an electrochemical transport model. The parameters obtained were in good agreement with data for similar electrolytes. The use of an alternative imaging method based on CTI (Constant Time Imaging) was explored and implemented.QC 20140825</p

Role of soft-iron impellers on the mode selection in the VKS dynamo experiment

A crucial point for the understanding of the von-K\'arm\'an-Sodium (VKS) dynamo experiment is the influence of soft-iron impellers. We present numerical simulations of a VKS-like dynamo with a localized permeability distribution that resembles the shape of the flow driving impellers. It is shown that the presence of soft-iron material essentially determines the dynamo process in the VKS experiment. % An axisymmetric magnetic field mode can be explained by the combined action of the soft-iron disk and a rather small $\alpha$-effect parametrizing the induction effects of unresolved small scale flow fluctuations

The ACT Election 2012

The 2012 ACT Election held on October 20 was in many ways a mirror image of the previous election in 2008. In 2012 the ALP received a small swing to it after suffering a large swing against it in 2008. The Liberals achieved a large swing to them after a small adverse swing in 2008. The Greens lost most of what they gained in 2008. As a result the Liberals obtained 8 (+2) seats, the ALP 8 (+1) and the Greens 1 (-3). After negotiations the Greens again formed an alliance with the ALP to form a Government; however, this time the one Green member (Shane Rattenbury) become a Minister in the ACT Government. &nbsp; Election context &nbsp;The agreement between the ALP and Greens delivered stable and cohesive government for the past four years &nbsp;The ALP changed its leader (and Chief Minister) to Katy Gallagher from Jon Stanhope in May 2011, Jon Stanhope had been leader since 1998 and Chief Minister from 2001 &nbsp;The Liberals enjoyed a greater level of unity and sense of purpose compared with the period between 2004 and 2008 &nbsp;Manipulation of key performance indicator data by ACT health was a problem for Labor and misuse of public funds for political purposes dogged a couple of Liberal MLAs &nbsp;The Liberals used prospective rate increases as their main negative issue and Labor sought to scare voters with job cuts similar to those inflicted by newly elected Liberal Governments in New South Wales and Queensland &nbsp;Two new political parties were formed to contest the election (Bullet Train for Canberra) and (Marion Le Social Justice Party) &nbsp;A number of parties from previous elections appear to have faded away (Democrats), (Community Alliance), Richard Mulcahy Canberra Party) and Pangello Independents &nbsp;There was a mild “It’s Time” factor as Labor had been in office for 11 years. The Allan Jones saga re comments on the death of Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s father were reverberating around the nation &nbsp; The electoral system used since 1995 is a variant of proportional representation known as Hare-Clark, candidates names on the ballot paper appear in party or independent groups but the names within those groups are randomly rotated for each ballot paper by a method known as Robson Rotation; a system devised and used in Tasmania. The ACT is divided into three electorates Ginninderra (covering Belconnen and part of Gungahlin) Brindabella (covering Tuggeranong and parts of Woden) and Molonglo (covering Gungahlin, North Canberra, South Canberra, Woden and Weston Creek). The first two have five members and the latter seven. There had been a redistribution since the last election to accommodate population changes, The suburb of Palmerston, in Gungahlin, was moved into Ginninderra from Molonglo. On the basis of past results this would slightly weaken Ginninderra for the Greens and Labor. &nbsp; The main features of the election were: &nbsp;Both major parties enjoyed a swing to them, an unusual occurrence in Australian politics &nbsp;The swing to the Liberals was quite large (7.3 per cent) but lower than average (9.0 per cent), (see Table 3 below) &nbsp;The swing to the ALP was small (1.5 per cent) but was the first swing to an ALP State/Territory Government since March 2006 when the ALP received an 8.9 per cent swing in the South Australian election &nbsp;The Greens suffered a major adverse swing but their proportion of the vote was still higher than the average Green vote from 1995 to 2012 &nbsp;The Australian Motorist Party failed to make any gains except in Ginninderra where their candidate was Chic Henry, the high profile former organiser of the Summernats car festival &nbsp;A single issue party based on providing a high speed train service between Canberra and other capitals (Bullet train for Canberra) received 4.0 per cent of the votes &nbsp; Read the full article &gt; Photo Credit: Longreach/flick

A CGE assessment of a university's effects on a regional economy - supply-side versus demand-side effects

In recent years many universities have commissioned studies of the effect of their institution on the local economy. Typically these impact studies have concentrated on the demand-side stimuli to the regional economy that the university generates. Normally, the studies are undertaken with comparative-static input-output models. The present study employs a dynamic multiregional computable general equilibrium model to investigate supply-side as well as demand-side effects. There are a range of supply-side effects that have been investigated in the spatial econometrics literature. The supply-side impacts of the university that we examine in particular are a rise in the average skill level of the local workforce, and successful R&D outcomes. CGE modelling allows simulation of the associated productivity effects, while the dynamic features of the model allow for consequent effects on the region's population and capital stock growth rates to be taken into account.

Ontology-based modelling of architectural styles

The conceptual modelling of software architectures is of central importance for the quality of a software system. A rich modelling language is required to integrate the different aspects of architecture modelling, such as architectural styles, structural and behavioural modelling, into a coherent framework. Architectural styles are often neglected in software architectures. We propose an ontological approach for architectural style modelling based on description logic as an abstract, meta-level modelling instrument. We introduce a framework for style definition and style combination. The application of the ontological framework in the form of an integration into existing architectural description notations is illustrated

The contact network of patients in a regional healthcare system

Yet in spite of advances in hospital treatment, hospitals continue to be a breeding ground for several airborne diseases and for diseases that are transmitted through close contacts like SARS, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), norovirus infections and tuberculosis (TB). Here we extract contact networks for up to 295,108 inpatients for durations up to two years from a database used for administrating a local public healthcare system serving a population of 1.9 million individuals. Structural and dynamical properties of the network of importance for the transmission of contagious diseases are then analyzed by methods from network epidemiology. The contact networks are found to be very much determined by an extreme (age independent) variation in duration of hospital stays and the hospital structure. We find that that the structure of contacts between in-patients exhibit structural properties, such as a high level of transitivity, assortativity and variation in number of contacts, that are likely to be of importance for the transmission of less contagious diseases. If these properties are considered when designing prevention programs the risk for and the effect of epidemic outbreaks may be decreased