Arithmeticity of Orbifold Generalised Triangle Groups

Maclachlan and Martin have proved that only finitely many arithmetic Kleinian groups can be generated by 2 elliptic elements, and have classified these groups in the non-cocompact case. Here, we investigate the cocompact case, restricting to a class of generalisedtrianglegroups considered by Jones and Reid which arise as the fundamental groups of hyperbolic 3-dimensional orbifolds. We obtain 21 arithmetic groups and provide a description of the corresponding orbifolds

Historical Vignette-- An Example: Why the History of Prison Reform is Called The Hidden Heritage

Historical vignette-- An example: Why the history of prison reform is called The Hidden Heritag

Historical Vignette: When Pestalozzi Went to Meet Bonaparte

Historical Vignette: When Pestalozzi Went to Meet Bonapart

Historical Vignette-- Mettray

In 1840, near Tours, France, jurist Frederick Auguste Demetz founded Mettray, a family substitute institution for juveniles. Before opening Mettray, “Demetz trained 27 assistants for. . .seven months.” (Eriksson, T. [1976]. The Reformers: An Historical Survey of Pioneer Experiments in the Treatment of Criminals. New York: Elsevier, 1976, p. 102). The institution was known as a school and employed teachers. Its curriculum consisted of “religion, philosophy, physics, chemistry, mathematics, French, Latin, Greek, German, English, writing, book-keeping, drawing, and music. . .” (Eriksson, 1976, p. 122). Mettray students were “from more or less wealthy social backgrounds,” and they “left it reformed” (Eriksson, 1976, p. 123). In France, reforms in juvenile facilities took center stage around 1900. By that time Mettray had become almost military. . .the institutional population consisted of 325 boys sentenced for crimes, 99 who had been remanded for reformative Treatment (correction paternelle), and 25 who had been handed over . . . by affluent parents. . . .Each week the ‘families’ [groups of prisoners were assigned to a housing unit with a teacher(s) and called a family] had a good conduct competition, the winner being the one with the fewest penalties. The reward was an extra meal with meat and the best placing at institutional festivities. Fourteen different trades could be practiced, but the majority of pupils (a total of 253) did farm work. (Eriksson, 1976, p. 123). Mettray closed in 1937. During its early years it had been the innovative French juvenile institution. Later Mettray had become “the focus of increasingly bitter public criticism.” (Eriksson, 1976, p. 128)

Effects of Gamma Radiation on Salix nigra Marsh Cuttings

Dormant cuttings of Salix nigra Marsh, were exposed to gamma radiation from a cobalt-60 source at a dose rate of 1110 roentgens (r) per minute. Exposure doses ranged from 50 r through 100 Kr with 100% mortality at 10 Kr. Low doses of ionizing radiation apparently stimulated growth, while higher doses progressively retarded growth. The growth of the staminate catkins was inversely proportional to total exposure dose (increased dose resulted in progressively decreased growth). Determination of growth rates at different intervals post-irradiation indicated recovery of the surviving fraction of the irradiated cuttings. At ninety days, the highest growth rate occurred at the highest surviving exposure dose. It was also noted that total RNA and protein concentrations were sensitive even to the lowest exposure doses. The effects of gamma radiation on development of viable pollen grains were scored on the basis of the aniline-blue (cotton blue) lactophenol test. Pollen grain viability was found to increase with increasing gamma radiation up to 100 r. Progressively lower pollen viability was recorded from 400 r up to 4 Kr

Book Review: The remedy: Queer and trans voices on health and health care

The remedy: Queer and trans voices on health and health care, by Z. Sharman. Vancouver, BC: Arsenal Pulp Press 2016. 256 pp. $18.95