PVTX characteristics of oil inclusions from Asmari formation in Kuh-e-Mond heavy oil field in Iran

Incorporating PVT properties and compositional evolution of oil inclusions into reservoir engineering simulator protocols can enhance understanding of oil accumulation, reservoir charge history, and migration events. Microthermometry and volumetric analysis have proven to be useful tools in compositional reconstitution and PT studies of oil inclusions and were used to determine composition, thermodynamic conditions, physical properties, and gas-to-oil ratios of heavy oil samples from Asmari carbonate reservoir in Kuh-e-Mond heavy oil field in Iran. PVT properties were predicted using a PVT black-oil model, and an acceptable agreement was observed between the experiments and the simulations. Homogenization temperatures were determined using microthermometry techniques in dolomite and calcite cements of the Asmari Formation, as well. Based on the homogenization temperature data, the undersaturated hydrocarbon mixture prior to formation of the gas cap migrated with a higher gas-to-oil ratio from a source rock. According to the oil inclusion data, the onset of carbonate cementation occurred at temperatures above 45 °C and that cementation was progressive through burial diagenesis. PVT black-oil simulator results showed that the reservoir pressure and temperature were set at 100 bar and 54 °C during the initial stages of oil migration. Compositional modeling implies that primary and secondary cracking in source rocks were responsible for retention of heavy components and migration of miscible three-phase flow during hydrocarbon evolution. The PT evolution of the petroleum inclusions indicates changes in thermodynamic properties and mobility due to phenomena such as cracking, mixing, or/and transport at various stages of oil migration

DOMINATION NUMBER OF TOTAL GRAPH OF MODULE

Abstract. Let R be a commutative ring and M be an R-module with T (M ) as subset, the set of torsion elements. The total graph of the module denoted by T (Γ(M )), is th

The Prevalence of Psychotropic Drugs and Relevant Factors in Iranian Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Psychotropic drugs can cause many complications and side effects including cognitive, behavioral, and psychological disorders. In recent years, the Iranian youth and adolescents have growingly been using psychotropic drugs. Therefore, this study analyzes the overall prevalence of psychotropic drugs and the relevant factors among the Iranian youth through a systematic review and a meta-analysis.Methods: Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, this study includes a systematic review and a meta-analysis. For bias prevention, qualitative evaluation and data extraction were performed independently by two people. Different databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, ISI Web of Science, Cochran, Google Scholar, Magiran, IranMedex, SID, ISC) were investigated online, and data analysis was done in Stata software.Findings: In total, 5 articles were selected for the meta-analysis phase. They had been published between 2008 and 2018. According to the meta-analysis results, the overall prevalence of psychotropic drugs was 4.18% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.52-5.84] in the Iranian youth population. The overall prevalence of psychotropic drugs was 4.74% (95% CI: 1.49-7.99) and 1.06% (95% CI: 0.72-1.41) in young men and women, respectively. Three studies indicated a significant relationship between gender and the use of psychotropic drugs. In other words, the prevalence of psychotropic drugs was significantly higher in boys than in girls (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The research results showed that family, parents, close friends, and unemployment were the factors affecting the prevalence of psychotropic drugs in the youth and adolescents

DFT computations on surface physical adsorption of hydrocarbons produced in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a CNT/Co nanocatalyst

The physical sorption of several paraffin and olefin hydrocarbons produced in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis on the surface of cobalt nanocatalyst supported on (4,4)-armchair carbon nanotube (CNT) was studied using density functional theory (DFT) computations accomplished at B3LYP level of theory. The most negative binding energy (ΔEbinding) was obtained for (4,4)-CNT-Co/C5H10 (compound 10) in which pentene was adsorbed on the CNT/Co surface reflecting this compound had the most retention time to participate in secondary reactions on the surface of the (4,4)-CNT-Co nanocatalyst. The adsorption of all olefin species on the surface of (4,4)-CNT-Co nanocatalyst was exergonic (ΔGadsorption < 0). The negative ΔHadsorption values for compounds 4, 6, 10 and 11 indicated their exothermic adsorption nature. The QTAIM data supported the covalent character of the CC bonds in the (4,4)-CNT and the electrostatic nature of CCo bonds in the (4,4)-CNT-Co nanocatalyst. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for the quadrupole 2H, 59Co and 60Co were measured about 180–220 kHz, 23–140 MHz and 26–155 MHz, respectively. According to greater ΔEbinding values for the olefin containing structures, it was inferred that adsorption of the olefins were preferred on the catalyst surface compared with their related paraffin hydrocarbons. Hence, it was established that the (4,4)-CNT-Co nanocatalyst had a superior performance to produce heavy hydrocarbons instead of light types which is very beneficial for the FT process. Keywords: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, DFT computations, Nanocatayst, Hydrocarbon, BSSE, QTAI