Modélisation des interfaces utilisateur intelligentes pour les environnements informatisés dédiés à l'apprentissage humain

Les interfaces utilisateur intelligentes (IUI) est un domaine de recherche relativement jeune et pluridisciplinaire, car il fait appel à l'ingénierie des connaissances et au domaine des interfaces personne-machine. Nous avons choisi un cadre spécifique, les environnements informatisés dédiés à l'apprentissage humain (EIAH), pour ainsi bien cibler nos recherches. En étudiant la documentation scientifique sur les IUI dans des EIAH, nos recherches ont montré qu'il y a absence de modèle pour construire des IUI efficaces. Pour remédier ce problème, nous proposons un modèle générique d'IUI qui intègre cinq composantes d'interface pour améliorer les EIAH. Ce modèle a été construit à partir de l'étude des critères d'évaluation d'interfaces et de l'étude d'IUI dans des EIAH existantes. Ce modèle a pour but de créer des IUI qui répondent mieux aux besoins des utilisateurs, qui améliorent l'interaction entre l'humain et la machine, et donc aident les personnes dans leur apprentissage. De plus, il se veut un guide afin de faciliter la conception de ces IUI. Ce modèle a été mis à l'épreuve par une évaluation heuristique par des experts afin de démontrer que notre modèle atteint bien ses objectifs. L'intégration des cinq composantes rend les IUI plus efficaces et de meilleure qualité et leur description peut facilement être réutilisable pour toute autre conception d'IUI de EIAH. Cependant, la mise à jour régulière du modèle s'avère nécessaire et une description plus formelle des composantes pourraient être proposées

Critical role of C/EBPδ and C/EBPβ factors in the stimulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcription by interleukin-1β in articular chondrocytes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66367/1/j.1432-1033.2000.01778.x.pd

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Analysis of diurnal to seasonal variability of Integrated Water Vapour in the South Indian Ocean basin using ground‐based GNSS and fifth‐generation ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) data

International audienceThe spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric water vapour in the South Indian Ocean (SIO) basin is investigated using observations collected from twelve GNSS stations spanning the basin. The comparison of GNSS‐derived integrated water vapour (IWV) content against radiosoundings and satellite‐borne microwave radiometer data shows good agreement, with global uncertainties ranging from 0.76 to 1.17 kg·m−2, depending on GNSS station locations. GNSS‐derived IWV contents show a strong seasonal cycle, characterized by higher water vapour content during the austral summer, when the InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is located in the Southern Hemisphere. At the seasonal time‐scale, the observed annual IWV amplitude varies from 10 to 15 kg·m−2 near the Equator to 20 to 30 kg·m−2 in the Subtropics. The GNSS IWV signature of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is hardly noticeable during the Austral winter, but varies from 1–2 to 4 kg·m−2 between the active and suppressed phases of the MJO during austral summer. At diurnal time‐scales, GNSS IWV shows larger diurnal amplitude over land (2–3 kg·m−2) than over open ocean (1–2 kg·m−2), with highest amplitudes (up to 7 kg·m−2) observed over large and mountainous islands. The phase analysis of the IWV diurnal cycle indicates that the diurnal maximum (minimum) is reached in the late afternoon/evening (morning) over land, at night (mid‐day) over ocean and in the early morning (late afternoon) at coastal locations. A comparison of GNSS‐derived IWV contents against fifth‐generation European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) data shows that ERA5 generally correctly reproduces the IWV content at both seasonal, intra‐seasonal and diurnal time‐scales, although some discrepancies can be noticed over small islands characterised by steep orography. The signature of the MJO in ERA5 also shows good agreement with GNSS observations at most studied locations. Location of the twelve ground‐based GNSS stations (circles) and the five radiosonde stations (triangles) used in this study. Insert shows the locations of new GNSS research stations recently deployed in the southwest Indian Ocean basin in the framework of the Indian Ocean GNSS Applications for Meteorology (IOGA4MET) research program. Red, blue and green colours indicate the three transects discussed in the paper

: Quels changements après l’arasement des barrages de Vezins et la Roche-qui-Boit ?

Volet 4 (sociogéographique) du Programme de suivi scientifique de l'arasement des barrages de la Sélun

High-dose vitamin-C induced prolonged factitious hyperglycemia in a peritoneal dialysis patient: a case report

Abstract Background High-dose vitamin C is increasingly used for sepsis and more recently for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Proponents argue that the low cost and near perfect safety profile of vitamin C support its early adoption. Yet, adverse events might be underreported and underappreciated. Case presentation We report a 73-year-old non-diabetic white man with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis admitted to the intensive care unit with septic shock that was suspected to be due to peritonitis. The patient was enrolled in LOVIT (Lessening Organ Dysfunction with VITamin C; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03680274), a randomized placebo-controlled trial of high-dose intravenous vitamin C. He developed factitious hyperglycemia, as measured with a point-of-care glucometer, that persisted for 6 days after discontinuation of the study drug, confirmed to be vitamin C after unblinding. He also had short-lived iatrogenic coma because of hypoglycemia secondary to insulin administration. These events triggered a protocol amendment. Conclusions Although factitious hyperglycemia has been reported before using certain glucometers in patients treated with high-dose vitamin C, the persistence of this phenomenon for 6 days after the discontinuation of the therapy is a distinguishing feature. This case highlights the importance of monitoring glucose with a core laboratory assay for up to a week in specific populations, such as patients on peritoneal dialysis

L’atlas des territoires d’intérêt pour la conservation dans les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent : un outil pour orienter la conservation des milieux naturels dans le sud du Québec

Comparativement au reste du Québec, les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent (BTSL) sont connues pour héberger une grande diversité biologique et de nombreuses espèces en situation précaire. C’est aussi là que se concentrent les activités anthropiques qui portent atteinte à l’intégrité des écosystèmes. Un atlas des territoires d’intérêt a été produit pour déterminer les territoires des BTSL où des actions de conservation sont requises (Jobin et collab., 2019a). Les cibles de conservation (filtre grossier) retenues sont les milieux forestiers, les milieux humides, les milieux ouverts (friches, prairies agricoles) et les milieux aquatiques. Les sites d’intérêt ont été déterminés par la sélection de ceux ayant une très haute valeur de conservation (présence d’espèces en situation précaire, d’aires protégées, etc.), puis par une analyse de priorisation multicritère. Des éléments du filtre fin sont aussi illustrés (p. ex., des frayères ou des colonies d’oiseaux). Cet article présente un survol des résultats de l’atlas des BTSL, des applications des résultats et des possibilités d’utilisation pour les acteurs actifs en conservation des milieux naturels au Québec. Puisque les données géospatiales associées aux sites d’intérêt sont disponibles, les utilisateurs peuvent les consulter pour connaître précisément l’emplacement des sites d’intérêt et adapter l’analyse de ces données à leur réalité territoriale.Compared to the rest of Quebec (Canada), the St. Lawrence Lowlands (SLL) exhibit a particularly high biological diversity, and are home to many species at risk. This part of the province is also where anthropogenic activities that affect ecosystem integrity are concentrated. An atlas of sites of conservation interest within the SLL has recently been produced to identify locations where conservation actions are required (Jobin et al., 2019a). The conservation targets (coarse filter) are woodlands, wetlands, open habitats (e.g., old fields and perennial crops) and aquatic environments. Sites of interest were determined by first selecting those of very high conservation value (e.g., presence of species at risk and protected areas), followed by a multi-criteria prioritization analysis. Local sites of importance for biodiversity (fine filter) are also provided, such as fish spawning grounds and bird colonies. This article presents an overview of the results of the atlas, possible applications of the results and potential uses for stakeholders involved in the conservation of natural areas in Quebec. As geospatial data are available for the sites of interest, users can identify their location and adapt the information presented to their particular area