20 research outputs found
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdul Hamid Zargar
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Abhijit Sen
- Abla M Sibai
- Abu Am Hanif
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Adelheid Weber
- Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Adoubi Kassi Anicet
- Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agnes L Kadvan
- Agneta Sjöberg
- Agneta Yngve
- Agnès Le Port
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Agustín Perez-Londoño
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmad Reza Dorosty
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akkumis Salhanova
- Akram Pourshams
- Ala'a Alkerwi
- Alain Morejon
- Alanna G da Silva
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Alberto Palloni
- Albina A Fakhretdinova
- Alejandro Diaz
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Aletta E Schutte
- Alexander D Deev
- Alexandra M Cucu
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Siani
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Alicia Matijasevich
- Alina G Platonova
- Alina Kerimkulova
- Aline Meirhaeghe
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Alison J Hayes
- Alison J Price
- Allan G Hill
- Allan Linneberg
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Aluisio Jd Barros
- Alun Evans
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amanda J Cross
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amelia C Crampin
- Amina Barkat
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana Azevedo
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Barradas-Pires
- Ana Carolina Mgn de Sá
- Ana D González-Alvarez
- Ana Henriques
- Ana I Rito
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana P Ortiz
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anabela Mota-Pinto
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anastasia Markaki
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre L Guimaraes
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea Gualtieri
- Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez
- Andrea Rvr Horimoto
- Andrea Schneider
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andrea Zentai
- Andreas Stang
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Reynolds
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Andrzej Pająk
- Andrzej Więcek
- Anelise Reis Gaya
- Aneta Grajda
- Aneta Weres
- Anette Varbo
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Angela Chetrit
- Angela Döring
- Angela Spinelli
- Angelika Schaffrath Rosario
- Angelique Chan
- Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés
- Anie Marcil
- Anil Poudyal
- Anja L Madsen
- Anja Schienkiewitz
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Anna Bugge
- Anna Fijalkowska
- Anna Jansson
- Anna V Alieva
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne A Bjerregaard
- Anne Chinnock
- Anne Juolevi
- Anne Taylor
- Anne Tjonneland
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annette J Dobson
- Annette Peters
- Annika Rosengren
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonia Trichopoulou
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonio M Silva
- Antonio Mistretta
- Antonio Pedro Graça
- Antonio Prista
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
- Areti Triantafyllou
- Argyro Karakosta
- Ari Voutilainen
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Arnaud Chiolero
- Aroor Bhagyalaxmi
- Arsalan Khaledifar
- Artur Mazur
- Arvind Pandey
- Arwa M Alshangiti
- Aryeh D Stein
- Asher Fawwad
- Attilio Rigotti
- Atul Trivedi
- Augustin F Beybey
- Augustine N Odili
- Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- Aung Soe Htet
- Ausra Petrauskiene
- Avula Laxmaiah
- Axel C Carlsson
- Aya Mostafa
- Ayman A Zayed
- Azaliia M Tuliakova
- Azhar Dyussupova
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Azli Baharudin
- Åsa Ågren
- Badreya Al-Lahou
- Bagher Larijani
- Bahareh Kheiri
- Bahman Cheraghian
- Bakary Jallow
- Baltazar Nunes
- Barbara Heude
- Barbara Thorand
- Barry M Popkin
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Beatriz D Schaan
- Bee Koon Poh
- Behrooz Hamzeh
- Bekbolat Zholdin
- Belgin Unal
- Belong Cho
- Ben Schöttker
- Benjamin Acosta-Cazares
- Benoit Salanave
- Benson M Kazembe
- Bente Sparboe-Nilsen
- Bernard Maire
- Bernardo L Horta
- Bernhard O Boehm
- Bert-Jan van den Born
- Bettina Bringolf-Isler
- Bharathi Viswanathan
- Bhawesh Koirala
- Bihungum Bista
- Bill Stavreski
- Bin Zhou
- Bing Zhang
- Birgit Linkohr
- Biruta Velika
- Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt
- Bo Werner
- Boban Mugoša
- Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Bojan Jelaković
- Bontha V Babu
- Boyd A Swinburn
- Börge Schmidt
- Branimir Leskošek
- Breige A McNulty
- Brian Oldenburg
- Brooklyn Fraser
- Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
- Buthaina M Alkhatib
- Børge G Nordestgaard
- Caleb Ochimana
- Calogero Saieva
- Calvin Ke
- Camilla T Damsgaard
- Carl Lachat
- Carla Menêses Hardman
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Carlos O Mendivil
- Carlos P Boissonnet
- Carmen Iñiguez
- Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani
- Caroline H Fall
- Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva
- Carsten O Schmidt
- Cassiano Ricardo Rech
- Catherine Kyobutungi
- Catterina Ferreccio
- Cecilia Björkelund
- Cecily Kelleher
- Cesar G Victora
- Cézane P Reuter
- Chandini Nekkantti
- Chao Qiang Jiang
- Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou
- Charles Agyemang
- Charles K Mondo
- Charles Lunogelo
- Charles Sossa Jérome
- Charlie Lim
- Charlotte B Ottendahl
- Charmaine A Duante
- Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Chiara Donfrancesco
- Chien-An Sun
- Chien-Jen Chen
- Ching-Yu Cheng
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chinwuba Ijoma
- Chongjian Wang
- Chris Cowell
- Christa L Lilly
- Christa Meisinger
- Christian Gieger
- Christina C Dahm
- Christina Howitt
- Christina Mavrogianni
- Christine Cameron
- Christophe Tzourio
- Christopher J Paciorek
- Chung T Nguyen
- Cihangir Erem
- Claes Ohlsson
- Clara Homs
- Claudia M Hormiga
- Cláudia S Minderico
- Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Clive Osmond
- Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani
- Con Burns
- Constance Schultsz
- Constanta Huidumac Petrescu
- Cora L Craig
- Correia Júnior Marco Aurélio de Valois
- Cosmin R Cojocaru
- Cristina P Padez
- Crizian G Saar
- Cynthia M Pérez
- Cyrus Cooper
- Daan Kromhout
- Dalia Luksiene
- Damaskini Valvi
- Damian K Francis
- Dan Zhu
- Daniel Bia
- Daniel Fernández-Bergés
- Daniel Ferrante
- Daniel G Vasques
- Daniel Lemogoum
- Daniel Weghuber
- Daniela Galeone
- Daniela Kállayová
- Daniela Pierannunzio
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Daphne Lai
- Daphne Mirkopoulou
- David A Gonzalez-Chica
- David De Ridder
- David Faeh
- David Goltzman
- Davide Noto
- Davood Khalili
- Deborah C Malta
- Debra S Judge
- Deena Al Asfoor
- Deepak N Amarapurkar
- Delphine De Smedt
- Demetre Labadarios
- Denise Eldemire-Shearer
- Dermot O'Reilly
- Dénes Molnár
- Diana A Santos
- Diane T Meto
- Dianna J Magliano
- Dickman Gareta
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Diego G Christofaro
- Diego Salmerón
- Diego Vanuzzo
- Dimitrios Papandreou
- Dimitrios Poulimeneas
- Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Dirk De Bacquer
- Dirk Vanderschueren
- Dominique Cottel
- Dominique Hange
- Dong Zhao
- Dongfeng Gu
- Dora Romaguera
- Doris Stöckl
- Dorja Vocanec
- Doroteia A Höfelmann
- Dusko J Bjelica
- Dušan Grafnetter
- Duygu Islek
- Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- E Shyong Tai
- Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Eduardo Capuano
- Eduardo Salazar Martinez
- Edward F Fottrell
- Edward Janus
- Edward W Gregg
- Edwige Landais
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Eero O Kajantie
- Efthymios Kapantais
- Eha Nurk
- Ei Ei K Nang
- Eiji Oda
- Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener
- Ekaterina Stoyanova
- Elaine Dennison
- Elaine M Murtagh
- Eldridge Ferrer
- Elena Anufrieva
- Elena Bogova
- Elena Pahomova
- Elena Sacchini
- Elena V Skoblina
- Eleonora d'Orsi
- Elias F Gudmundsson
- Elin Kolle
- Elin P Sørgjerd
- Elio Riboli
- Elisabete Ramos
- Elisabetta L Romeo
- Eliza Cinteza
- Eliza Markidou Ioannidou
- Ellina M Iakupova
- Elling Bere
- Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Elnaz Faramarzi
- Els Clays
- Else Karin Grøholt
- Elvis Oa Wambiya
- Elvynna Leong
- Elysée Claude Bika Lele
- Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk
- Eman Aly
- Emanuel Zitt
- Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Emanuela Pettenuzzo
- Emiel Hoogendijk
- Emily B Wong
- Emily Sonestedt
- Emma Ruiz Moreno
- Emmanuel Cohen
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Eng Joo Tan
- Enguerran Macia
- Enisa Kujundzic
- Enrique Gutiérrez González
- Enzo Manzato
- Erfan Ghasemi
- Eric Monterrubio-Flores
- Erik J Timmermans
- Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Erkin Mirrakhimov
- Ertugrul Celikcan
- Eruke E Egbagbe
- Espen Bjertness
- Esteban Carmuega
- Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Esther M González-Gil
- Ethel Santacruz
- Eugène Sobngwi
- Eunice Ugel
- Eva Corpeleijn
- Eva Gerdts
- Eva Karaglani
- Eva Martos
- Evangelia Tzala
- Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska
- Éva Kovács
- Fabian Rohner
- Fabián Méndez
- Fabio Galvano
- Fadi J Charchar
- Fadia AlBuhairan
- Fangfang Chen
- Farahnaz Joukar
- Farhad Moradpour
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Farhad Zamani
- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Farid Najafi
- Farshad Farzadfar
- Farzad Hadaegh
- Fatai A Maruf
- Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Fatima Zahra Laamiri
- Felicia Cañete
- Felipe F Casanueva
- Felipe V Cureau
- Felix Gutzwiller
- Felix K Assah
- Felix O Kaducu
- Felix P Phiri
- Fereidoun Azizi
- Fernanda Cunha Soares
- Fernando Rigo
- Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Félicité Tchibindat
- Fikru Tullu
- Flavio D Fuchs
- Flavio Nervi
- Flora Am Ukoli
- Flora Bacopoulou
- Florian Muca
- Francesco Branca
- Francesco Gianfagna
- Francesco Panza
- Francesco Pistelli
- Francis Delpeuch
- Francis Morey
- Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
- Francisco J Felix-Redondo
- François F Kaze
- Frank Claessens
- Frank J Rühli
- Frank Tanser
- Fred Michel Paccaud
- Fred Nuwaha
- Freda Pitakaka
- Frederic Gottrand
- Frederick C Wu
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- Furusawa Takuro
- G K Mini
- Gabriel M Leung
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- Galina Obreja
- Gareth Stratton
- Garry Jennings
- Garry R Brian
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- Genc Burazeri
- Geofrey Musinguzi
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- George Moschonis
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- Georgia Vourli
- Georgina Gómez
- Gerald Jarnig
- Gerhard Sulo
- Gerson Ferrari
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- Grazyna Jasienska
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- Gregor Starc
- Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Gretchen A Stevens
- Grethe S Tell
- Gry Schultz
- Grzegorz Sobek
- Guadalupe Echeverría
- Guadalupe Longo Abril
- Guang Ning
- Guanghui Dong
- Guansheng Ma
- Guillermo Frontera
- Guillermo Sequera
- Gul Ergor
- Gulmira Aitmurzaeva
- Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Guy De Backer
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- Günay Can
- Günther Fink
- Gwenaëlle Le Coroller
- Gyulli M Kazakbaeva
- Ha Tp Do
- Haakon E Meyer
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- Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri
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- Hana Zamrazilová
- Hanan F Abdul Rahim
- Hanna K Tolonen
- Hanna Nalecz
- Hanno Ulmer
- Hannu Mt Uusitalo
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- Harald Geiger
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- Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Heba M Fouad
- Hedley K Quintana
- Heidi Klakk
- Helen Gonçalves
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- Helena Nogueira
- Helle-Mai Loit
- Helmut Schröder
- Heloísa Bettiol
- Henrike Galenkamp
- Henry Völzke
- Herculina S Kruger
- Herman Borghs
- Herman Schargrodsky
- Hermann Brenner
- Hermann Pohlabeln
- Hermine T Mopa
- Hélène Delisle
- Himanshu K Chaturvedi
- Hoang Van Minh
- Holger Theobald
- Hon-Yen Wu
- Hongsheng Bi
- Honor Bixby
- Hossein Poustchi
- Hsien-Ho Lin
- Huashuai Chen
- Huda M Al Hourani
- Hui Cai
- Huijun Wang
- Hung-Kwan So
- Husam F Alomirah
- Hyeon Chang Kim
- Hynek Pikhart
- Ian R Hambleton
- Ian Rouse
- Ida Maria Schmidt
- Idowu O Senbanjo
- Idris Guessous
- Igor Spiroski
- Ildar Fakhradiyev
- Ilona Nenko
- Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi
- Ilse Msl Khouw
- Imelda A Agdeppa
- Imperia Brajkovich
- Imran Ahmed
- Imre Janszky
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- Indah S Widyahening
- Indrapal I Meshram
- Inés Sánchez Rodríguez
- Inge Huybrechts
- Inger Ariansen
- Ingunn Holden Bergh
- Ioannis Pagkalos
- Ionela M Pascanu
- Iqbal Bata
- Iraj Mohebbi
- Iraj Nabipour
- Irene Gm van Valkengoed
- Irfan Nuhoğlu
- Irina Kovalskys
- Iris Pigeot
- Isabel O Oliveira
- Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- Ishag Adam
- Isti I Fujiati
- Iulia Jurca Simina
- Iuliia A Rusakova
- Ivaila Y Ivanova-Pandourska
- Ivan Pećin
- Ivana Radic
- Iveta Pudule
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- Izet Bajramovic
- J Jaime Miranda
- Jaakko Mursu
- Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Jacek J Jóźwiak
- Jaco De Bacquer
- Jacqueline F Price
- Jacqueline Ramke
- Jakob Tarp
- Jakub Stokwiszewski
- Jalila El Ati
- James Bentham
- James E Bennett
- James P Wirth
- Jamila Abubakar Garba
- Jan A Staessen
- Jan-Walter De Neve
- Jana Klanova
- Jana Kratenova
- Jana Námešná
- Jane Dp Renner
- Janette Walton
- Janice L Lukrafka
- Janina Petkeviciene
- Janine Clarke
- Janne S Tolstrup
- Jannicke Igland
- Japhet Killewo
- Jardena J Puder
- Jari J Jokelainen
- Jaume Marrugat
- Javad Aghazadeh-Attari
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- Jawad A Al-Lawati
- Jean Claude N Mbanya
- Jean Dallongeville
- Jean Ferrieres
- Jean Woo
- Jean-Bernard Ruidavets
- Jean-Michel Gaspoz
- Jean-René M'Buyamba-Kabangu
- Jeannette Klimont
- Jeannette Lee
- Jelena Kos
- Jennifer L Baker
- Jennifer Servais
- Jenny M Kindblom
- Jeonghee Lee
- Jeongseon Kim
- Jeremy M Jacobs
- Jeroen de Bont
- Jerzy Chudek
- Jesus D Melgarejo
- Jesus Vioque
- Jesús Humberto Gómez Gómez
- Jesús Ibarluzea
- Jia Li Duan
- Jianfeng Wu
- Jiang He
- Jie Hao
- Jie Mi
- Jim I Mann
- Jin Soo Moon
- Jing Liu
- Jingli Gao
- Jitendra Jonnagaddala
- Joana Araújo
- Joana Carvalho
- Joanna Baran
- Joanne Katz
- Joany Mariño
- Joao Luiz Bastos
- Joaquin Barnoya
- João Breda
- João M Pedro
- Jochanan Stessman
- Jody C Miller
- Joel Gr Roy
- Johan G Eriksson
- Johan Sundström
- Johan Van der Heyden
- Johann Willeit
- Johanna A Otero
- Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir
- Johanna M Geleijnse
- Johannes Brug
- John Amoah
- John Tuitele
- Jolanda Hyska
- Jolanda Ma Boer
- Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
- Jonathan E Shaw
- Jonathan Giovannelli
- Jordi Sunyer
- Jorge Bezerra
- Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña
- Jorge Mota
- Jorge Motta
- Jose G Boggia
- Jose Sánchez-Abanto
- Josep Redon
- Joseph Cacciottolo
- José A Casajús
- José Camolas
- José Eugenio Lozano
- José María Huerta
- José R Banegas
- Josipa Josipović
- Jost B Jonas
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Jouko L Saramies
- Juan A Rivera
- Juan Francisco Miquel
- Juan J Cruz
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- Judit A Repasy
- Judith Benedics
- Judith Simons
- Juel Jarani
- Juergen Breckenkamp
- Juha Auvinen
- Jukka T Salonen
- Julianne Williams
- Julie Aarestrup
- Julie Taylor
- Julio Zuñiga Cisneros
- Jun Hata
- Jun Ma
- Juraci A Cesar
- Jurate Klumbiene
- Jurate Medzioniene
- Jussi Kauhanen
- Justina Vaitkeviciute
- Justyna Godos
- Justyna Leszczak
- Justyna Wyszyńska
- Jutta Stieber
- Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa
- Júlio Mello
- Jürgen König
- Jyh Eiin Wong
- Jyrki K Virtanen
- Jytte Halkjær
- Jørgen Meisfjord
- K R Thankappan
- Kaare Christensen
- Kai-Uwe Saum
- Kairat Davletov
- Kairit Mikkel
- Kamarul Imran Musa
- Kamel Ajlouni
- Kaosar Afsana
- Karen Morgan
- Karen Sparrenberger
- Karen Webster-Kerr
- Kari Kuulasmaa
- Karien Stronks
- Karin De Ridder
- Karin Schindler
- Karina Mary de Paiva
- Karl J Lackner
- Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Karolina Miłkowska
- Kaspar Staub
- Katarzyna Dereń
- Katharina Maruszczak
- Kathrin Wolf
- Katia Biasch
- Katia V Bloch
- Katja B Leth-Møller
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Kazem Mohammad
- Kazi M Jamil
- Keiu Nelis
- Kelias P Msyamboza
- Kelly Samara Silva
- Kenisha Russell Jonsson
- Kenji Shibuya
- Kenneth James
- Kevin I Norton
- Khadichamo Boymatova
- Khairil Si-Ramlee
- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khem B Karki
- Khuong Quynh Long
- Kim F Michaelsen
- Kim Overvad
- Kirsten Mehlig
- Kishwar Azad
- Km Venkat Narayan
- Ko Ko Zaw
- Kodanda R Kanala
- Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao
- Koen Van Herck
- Konrad Jamrozik
- Konstantinos D Tambalis
- Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki
- Kouamelan Doua
- Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- Krishna K Aryal
- Krista Fischer
- Kristine Allin
- Kristyna Zejglicova
- Kumiko Ohara
- Kurt Widhalm
- Kyungwon Oh
- Labros S Sidossis
- Lachmie Lall
- Lacramioara Brinduse
- Laetitia Huiart
- Laila El Ammari
- Lalka S Rangelova
- Lariane M Ono
- Larissa Pruner Marques
- Lars Ängquist
- Lars Bo Andersen
- Lars Jøran Kjerpeseth
- Lars Lind
- Lars Wichstrøm
- Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar
- Laura Censi
- Laura Gutierrez
- Laura Lauria
- Laura Torres-Collado
- Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio
- Lauren Lissner
- Leandra Abarca-Gómez
- Leanne M Riley
- Lechaba Tshepo
- Leila B Moreira
- Leila Houti
- Lekhraj Rampal
- Lela Shengelia
- Lela Sturua
- Lena Barrera
- Leng Huat Foo
- Leo D Westbury
- Leon A Simons
- Leticia Hernandez Cadena
- Lèlita C Santos
- Li Juan Wu
- Li Yan
- Liam Smeeth
- Liang Sun
- Liang Xu
- Licia Iacoviello
- Lien Braeckevelt
- Lijuan Liu
- Lilia Yadira Cortés
- Liliana Dacica
- Limin Wang
- Line L Kårhus
- Line T Møllehave
- Ling Yang
- Liping Liu
- Liria Dominguez
- Lital Keinan Boker
- Liufu Cui
- Liv Elin Torheim
- Lizzy M Brewster
- Long-Sheng Chen
- Lorenza Pilotto
- Loreto Santa-Marina
- Lorraine Tabone
- Louise A Baur
- Louise Eriksen
- Louise Hardy
- Louise Robinson
- Lourdes Ribas-Barba
- Luc Dauchet
- Luciana Zaccagni
- Lucie Viet
- Lucjan Szponar
- Luigi Palmieri
- Luis A Moreno
- Luis B Sardinha
- Luis F Gomez
- Luis Lopes
- Luis P Mascarenhas
- Luis Revilla
- Luis Serra-Majem
- Luisa M Macieira
- Lutgart Braeckman
- Luxia Zhang
- Luz Nayibe Vargas
- Lynell V Maniego
- Lynne M Boddy
- Ľubica Tichá
- Ľudmila Ševčíková
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- Valter Barbosa Filho
- Vanessa Rouzier
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- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vassilis Zafiropulos
- Vayia Rarra
- Vedrana Sember
- Veikko Salomaa
- Vera Lanska
- Vera Musil
- Veronica Mocanu
- Vesna Juresa
- Vesselka L Duleva
- Victor M Herrera
- Victor Matsudo
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- Vijaya Lingam
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Viktoriya Furdela
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- Vilmundur Gudnason
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- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviana Guajardo
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Vladimir Kutsenko
- Wafaie W Fawzi
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Wei Zheng
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Wei-Yen Lim
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Wenhua Zhao
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- William A Neal
- William R Tebar
- Wilma M Hopman
- Winsome R Parnell
- Wm Monique Verschuren
- Wojciech Drygas
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Wolfgang Kratzer
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiangjun Wang
- Xiaoguang Yang
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Xiu-Hua Guo
- Xu Lin
- Xu Ma
- Xueling Sim
- Xun Tang
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yadlapalli S Kusuma
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yang Yang
- Yanhui Dong
- Yanina Zocalo
- Yanitsa V Zhecheva
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yemane Berhane
- Yeunsook Rho
- Yeva Movsesyan
- Yi Song
- Yi Zeng
- Yih Chung Tham
- Yiling J Cheng
- Yin Guo
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Yn-Tz Sung
- Yong Tao
- Yonghua Hu
- Yosef Farzi
- Yoto Yotov
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan He
- Yufang Bi
- Yuki Fujita
- Yulia Balanova
- Yuliya V Solovieva
- Yuna He
- Yunjiang Yu
- Yury P Nikitin
- Yves Kameli
- Yves Martin-Prevel
- Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zbigniew Kulaga
- Zengchang Pang
- Zhamilya Battakova
- Zhamyila Usupova
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zhengming Chen
- Ziad A Abdeen
- Zivka Dika
- Zlatko Fras
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
- Zumin Shi
- Łukasz Kryst
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/03/2024
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
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- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
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- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F
- Aung May Soe
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- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
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- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
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- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R
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- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barcelo Alberto
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- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
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- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
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- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
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- Bjertness Espen
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- Bojesen Stig E
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- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
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- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
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- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda Joao
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- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
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- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas Jose
- Can Gunay
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- Capanzana Mario V
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- Casajus Jose A
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- Celikcan Ertugrul
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- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
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- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
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- Cisneros Julio Zuniga
- Claessens Frank
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- Danaei Goodarz
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- Dasgupta Parasmani
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- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
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- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
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- Deren Katarzyna
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- Dhimal Meghnath
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- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
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- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
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- Erem Cihangir
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- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
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- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
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- Giampaoli Simona
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- Gonzalez-Villalpando Maria-Elena
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- Gruden Gabriella
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- Hu Yonghua
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- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
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- Jamrozik Konrad
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- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelakovic Ana
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- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
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- Khouw Ilse MSL
- Khuong Quynh Long
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- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
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- Kim Hyeon Chang
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- Klakk Heidi
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- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Koirala Bhawesh
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- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria A
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratzer Wolfgang
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- Krokstad Steiner
- Kromhout Daan
- Krtalic Branimir
- Kruger Herculina S
- Kubinova Ruzena
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- Kujundzic Enisa
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- Kumar R Krishna
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- Kurjata Pawel
- Kusuma Yadlapalli S
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
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- Laid Youcef
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- Larijani Bagher
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- Laxmaiah Avula
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- Lazo-Porras Maria
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- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
- Lin Yi-Ting
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- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
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- Lo Wei-Cheng
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- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
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- Lukrafka Janice L
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
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- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
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- Maniego Lynell V
- Manios Yannis
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- Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
- Manzato Enzo
- Margozzini Paula
- Marina Loreto Santa
- Markaki Anastasia
- Markey Oonagh
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- Marrugat Jaume
- Martin Rosemarie
- Martin-Prevel Yves
- Martinez Eduardo Salazar
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- Matsha Tandi E
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- McNulty Breige A
- Mediene-Benchekor Sounnia
- Medzioniene Jurate
- Mehdipour Parinaz
- Mehlig Kirsten
- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisfjord Jorgen
- Meisinger Christa
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- Menzano Maria Teresa
- Mereke Alibek
- Meshram Indrapal I
- Metspalu Andres
- Mi Jie
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- Michels Nathalie
- Mikkel Kairit
- Milanovic Sanja Music
- Milkowska Karolina
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- Minderico Claudia S
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- Miranda J Jaime
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- Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
- Mirkopoulou Daphne
- Mirrakhimov Erkin
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- Mistretta Antonio
- Mocanu Veronica
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- Mohajer Bahram
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- Mohamed Shukri F
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
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- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohanna Salim
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- Mossakowska Malgorzata
- Mostafa Aya
- Mota Jorge
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- Motta Jorge
- Moura-dos-Santos Marcos Andre
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- Naderimagham Shohreh
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- Nguyen Nguyen D
- Nieto-Martinez Ramfis E
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- Norat Teresa
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- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
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- Ochoa-Aviles Angelica M
- Oda Eiji
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- Ohara Kumiko
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- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
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- Pagkalos Ioannis
- Pahomova Elena
- Pajak Andrzej
- Palli Domenico
- Palloni Alberto
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- Panza Francesco
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Park Soon-Woo
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- Peterkova Valentina
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Pettenuzzo Emanuela
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pichardo Rafael N
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
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- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N
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- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
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- Porta Miquel
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- Poudyal Anil
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- Pouraram Hamed
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- Qorbani Mostafa
- Quang Ngoc La
- Quang Ngoc Nguyen
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- Rahim Hanan F Abdul
- Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul
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- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
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- Raj Manu
- Rakhimova Ellina
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- Rampal Sanjay
- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
- Rarra Vayia
- Rascon-Pacheco Ramon A
- Rasmussen Mette
- Rech Cassiano Ricardo
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M
- Regecova Valeria
- Revilla Luis
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- Ribas-Barba Lourdes
- Ribeiro Robespierre
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- Rinaldo Natascia
- Rito Ana
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M
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- Robitaille Cynthia
- Roccaldo Romana
- Rodrigues Daniela
- Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea
- Rodriguez-Perez Maria del Cristo
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- Shengelia Lela
- Shi Zumin
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- Sjoberg Agneta
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- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
- Smeeth Liam
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- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Sodemann Morten
- Soderberg Stefan
- Soekatri Moesijanti YE
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
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- Sonestedt Emily
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- Sorensen Thorkild IA
- Sorensen Thorkild IA
- Sorgjerd Elin P
- Soric Maroje
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- Soto-Rojas Victoria E
- Soumare Aicha
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- Stoyanova Ekaterina
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Suarez-Medina Ramon
- Suka Machi
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- Vanderschueren Dirk
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- Wade Alisha N
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- Waldhor Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
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- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
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- Wilks Rainford J
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
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- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadvand Alireza
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Ali Osman
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amouyel Philippe
- Amuzu Antoinette
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Angquist Lars H.
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anselmo Olinto Maria Teresa
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L.
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R.
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
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- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
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- El Ati Jalila
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
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- Tang Xun
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- Tao Yong
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- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B.
- Taylor Anne
- Tchibindat Felicite
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- Tell Grethe
- Tello Tania
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
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- Tsao Yu-Hsiang
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
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- Unal Belgin
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- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Vale Susana
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- Van Herck Koen
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- Van Schoor Natasja M.
- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Varona-Perez Patricia
- Vatten Lars
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- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
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- Viet Lucie
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- Vrijheid Martine
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- Waldhoer Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wanderley Rildo S., Jr.
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wijga Alet H.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zhussupov Baurzhan
- Zimmermann Esther
- Zuniga Cisneros Julio
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L.
- Abdeen Z. A.
- Abdrakhmanova S.
- Abdul Rahim H. F.
- Abdurrahmonova Z.
- Abril G. L.
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- Adam I.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assunção Maria Cecília F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicová Mária
- Avi Shina
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barceló Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
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- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjær Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu AM
- Hantunen Sari
- Hao Jie
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hassapidou Maria
- Hata Jun
- Haugsgjerd Teresa
- Hayes Alison J
- He Jiang
- He Yuan
- He Yuna
- Heidinger-Felso Regina
- Heinen Mirjam
- Hejgaard Tatjana
- Hendriks Marleen Elisabeth
- Henriques Ana
- Herrala Sauli
- Herrera Victor M
- Herter-Aeberli Isabelle
- Heshmat Ramin
- Hill Allan G
- Ho Sai Yin
- Ho Suzanne C
- Hobbs Michael
- Holdsworth Michelle
- Homayounfar Reza
- Homs Clara
- Hopman Wilma M
- Horimoto Andrea RVR
- Hormiga Claudia M
- Horta Bernardo L
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htay Thein Thein
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta José María
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Huiart Laetitia
- Huisman Martijn
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huu Chinh Nguyen
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Iacoviello Licia
- Ibarluzea Jesús M
- Ibrahim Mohsen M
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E
- Ishida Takafumi
- Islam Muhammad
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iurilli Maria LC
- Iwasaki Masanori
- Jackson Rod T
- Jacobs Jeremy M
- Jaddou Hashem Y
- Jafar Tazeen
- James Kenneth
- Jamil Kazi M
- Jamrozik Konrad
- Janszky Imre
- Janus Edward
- Jarani Juel
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelakovic Ana
- Jelakovic Bojan
- Jennings Garry
- Jha Anjani Kumar
- Jiang Chao Qiang
- Jimenez Ramon O
- Joffres Michel
- Johansson Mattias
- Jokelainen Jari J
- Jonas Jost B
- Jonnagaddala Jitendra
- Jonsson Kenisha Russell
- Joshi Pradeep
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Jovic Dragana P
- Jr DeGennaro Vincent
- Juolevi Anne
- Jurak Gregor
- Juresa Vesna
- Jérome Charles Sossa
- Jóźwiak Jacek J
- Jöckel Karl-Heinz
- Jørgensen Maja Bæksgaard
- Jørgensen Torben
- Kaaks Rudolf
- Kaducu Felix O
- Kafatos Anthony
- Kajantie Eero O
- Kalmatayeva Zhanna
- Kalter-Leibovici Ofra
- Kameli Yves
- Kampmann Freja B
- Kanala Kodanda R
- Kannan Srinivasan
- Kapantais Efthymios
- Karakosta Argyro
- Karki Khem B
- Katibeh Marzieh
- Katz Joanne
- Katzmarzyk Peter T
- Kauhanen Jussi
- Kaur Prabhdeep
- Kavousi Maryam
- Kazakbaeva Gyulli M
- Keil Ulrich
- Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka
- Kelishadi Roya
- Kelleher Cecily
- Kemper Han CG
- Kengne Andre P
- Keramati Maryam
- Kerimkulova Alina
- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse MSL
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
- Kim Dong Wook
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Kim Jeongseon
- Kindblom Jenny M
- Klakk Heidi
- Klimek Magdalena
- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Ko Zaw Ko
- Koirala Bhawesh
- Kolle Elin
- Kolsteren Patrick
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Korzycka Magdalena
- Kos Jelena
- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria A
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratenova Jana
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krokstad Steiner
- Kromhout Daan
- Kruger Herculina S
- Kubinova Ruzena
- Kuciene Renata
- Kujala Urho M
- Kujundzic Enisa
- Kulaga Zbigniew
- Kumar R Krishna
- Kumar Rachakulla Hari
- Kunešová Marie
- Kurjata Pawel
- Kusuma Yadlapalli S
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Kårhus Line L
- König Jürgen
- la Peña Jorge Escobedo-de
- La Quang Ngoc
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
- Lachat Carl
- Laid Youcef
- Lam Tai Hing
- Lambrinou Christina-Paulina
- Landais Edwige
- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
- Larijani Bagher
- Latt Tint Swe
- Lauria Laura
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Lazo-Porras Maria
- Le Coroller Gwenaëlle
- Le Nguyen Bao Khanh
- Le Port Agnès
- Le Tuyen D
- Lee Jeannette
- Lee Jeonghee
- Lee Paul H
- Lehmann Nils
- Lehtimäki Terho
- Lele Elysée Claude Bika
- Lemogoum Daniel
- Levitt Naomi S
- Li Chee Miao
- Li Duan Jia
- Li Yanping
- Liivak Merike
- Lilly Christa L
- Lim Wei-Yen
- Lima-Costa M Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
- Lin Yi-Ting
- Lind Lars
- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
- Liu Lijuan
- Lo Wei-Cheng
- Loit Helle-Mai
- Long Khuong Quynh
- Lopes Luis
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
- Lopez-Garcia Esther
- Lotufo Paulo A
- Lozano José Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice L
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lundqvist Robert
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
- Lustigová Michala
- Ma Guansheng
- Ma Jun
- Ma Xu
- Machado-Coelho George LL
- Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M
- Macieira Luisa M
- Madar Ahmed A
- Maggi Stefania
- Magliano Dianna J
- Magnacca Sara
- Magriplis Emmanuella
- Mahasampath Gowri
- Maire Bernard
- Majer Marjeta
- Makdisse Marcia
- Malekzadeh Fatemeh
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malhotra Rahul
- Malyutina Sofia K
- Maniego Lynell V
- Manios Yannis
- Mann Jim I
- Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
- Manzato Enzo
- Margozzini Paula
- Marina Loreto Santa
- Markaki Anastasia
- Markey Oonagh
- Marques Larissa Pruner
- Marques-Vidal Pedro
- Marrugat Jaume
- Martin Rosemarie
- Martin-Prevel Yves
- Martinez Eduardo Salazar
- Martorell Reynaldo
- Martos Eva
- Maruszczak Katharina
- Marventano Stefano
- Mascarenhas Luis P
- Masoodi Shariq R
- Mathiesen Ellisiv B
- Mathur Prashant
- Matijasevich Alicia
- Matsha Tandi E
- Mavrogianni Christina
- Mazur Artur
- Mbanya Jean Claude N
- McFarlane Shelly R
- McGarvey Stephen T
- McKee Martin
- McLachlan Stela
- McLean Rachael M
- McLean Scott B
- McNulty Breige A
- Md Yusof Safiah
- Medzioniene Jurate
- Mehdipour Parinaz
- Mehlig Kirsten
- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisfjord Jørgen
- Meisinger Christa
- Menezes Ana Maria B
- Menon Geetha R
- Mensink Gert BM
- Menzano Maria Teresa
- Mereke Alibek
- Meshram Indrapal I
- Metspalu Andres
- Meyer Haakon E
- Mi Jie
- Michaelsen Kim F
- Michels Nathalie
- Mikkel Kairit
- Milanovic Sanja Music
- Milkowska Karolina
- Miller Jody C
- Minderico Cláudia S
- Mini GK
- Miquel Juan Francisco
- Miranda J Jaime
- Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
- Mirkopoulou Daphne
- Mirrakhimov Erkin
- Mistretta Antonio
- Mišigoj-Durakovic Marjeta
- Mocanu Veronica
- Modesti Pietro A
- Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi
- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohamed Mostafa K
- Mohamed Shukri F
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon Wan
- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohanna Salim
- Mohebbi Iraj
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitry Marie
- Molbo Drude
- Molnár Dénes
- Momenan Amirabbas
- Mondo Charles K
- Monroy-Valle Michele
- Monterrubio-Flores Eric
- Monyeki Kotsedi Daniel K
- Moon Jin Soo
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Moreira Leila B
- Morejon Alain
- Moreno Emma Ruiz
- Moreno Luis A
- Morgan Karen
- Morin Suzanne N
- Mortensen Erik Lykke
- Moschonis George
- Mossakowska Malgorzata
- Mostafa Aya
- Mota Jorge
- Mota-Pinto Anabela
- Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeel
- Motta Jorge
- Moura-dos-Santos Marcos André
- Mridha Malay K
- Msyamboza Kelias P
- Mu Thet Thet
- Muc Magdalena
- Mugoša Boban
- Muiesan Maria L
- Mukhtorova Parvina
- Murphy Neil
- Mursu Jaakko
- Murtagh Elaine M
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Musil Vera
- Mustafa Norlaila
- Mäki Päivi
- Møllehave Line T
- Møller Niels C
- Müller-Nurasyid Martina
- Nabipour Iraj
- Naderimagham Shohreh
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naidu Balkish M
- Najafi Farid
- Nakamura Harunobu
- Nangia Vinay B
- Nankap Martin
- Narake Sameer
- Nardone Paola
- Nauck Matthias
- NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- Neal William A
- Nejatizadeh Azim
- Nekkantti Chandini
- Nelis Keiu
- Nelis Liis
- Nenko Ilona
- Neovius Martin
- Nervi Flavio
- Nguyen Chung T
- Nguyen Nguyen D
- Nguyen Quang Ngoc
- Nieto-Martínez Ramfis E
- Nikitin Yury P
- Ning Guang
- Ninomiya Toshiharu
- Nishtar Sania
- Noale Marianna
- Noboa Oscar A
- Nogueira Helena
- Norat Teresa
- Nordendahl Maria
- Nordestgaard Børge G
- Noto Davide
- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
- Nuhoglu Irfan
- Nurk Eha
- Námešná Jana
- O'Neill Terence W
- O'Reilly Dermot
- Obreja Galina
- Ochimana Caleb
- Ochoa-Avilés Angélica M
- Oda Eiji
- Oh Kyungwon
- Ohara Kumiko
- Ohlsson Claes
- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
- Olafsson Örn
- Olinto Maria Teresa A
- Oliveira Isabel O
- Omar Mohd Azahadi
- Onat Altan
- Ong Sok King
- Ono Lariane M
- Ordunez Pedro
- Ornelas Rui
- Ortiz Ana P
- Ortiz Pedro J
- Osler Merete
- Osmond Clive
- Ostojic Sergej M
- Ostovar Afshin
- Otero Johanna A
- Overvad Kim
- Owusu-Dabo Ellis
- Paccaud Fred Michel
- Padez Cristina
- Pagkalos Ioannis
- Pahomova Elena
- Pajak Andrzej
- Palli Domenico
- Palloni Alberto
- Palmieri Luigi
- Pan Wen-Harn
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Arvind
- Panza Francesco
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Park Soon-Woo
- Park Suyeon
- Parnell Winsome R
- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pascanu Ionela M
- Pasquet Patrick
- Patel Nikhil D
- Pecin Ivan
- Pednekar Mangesh S
- Peer Nasheeta
- Pei Gao
- Peixoto Sergio Viana
- Peltonen Markku
- Pereira Alexandre C
- Peres Marco A
- Peterkova Valentina
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Pettenuzzo Emanuela
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pham Son Thai
- Pichardo Rafael N
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N
- Plans-Rubió Pedro
- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Pop Raluca M
- Popovic Stevo R
- Porta Miquel
- Posch Georg
- Poudyal Anil
- Poulimeneas Dimitrios
- Pouraram Hamed
- Pourfarzi Farhad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poustchi Hossein
- Pradeepa Rajendra
- Price Alison J
- Price Jacqueline F
- Providencia Rui
- Puder Jardena J
- Pudule Iveta
- Puhakka Soile E
- Puiu Maria
- Punab Margus
- Pérez Cynthia M
- Pérez-Farinós Napoleón
- Qasrawi Radwan F
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Radic Ivana
- Radisauskas Ricardas
- Rahim Hanan F Abdul
- Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul
- Rahimikazerooni Salar
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
- Rakhimova Ellina
- Rakhmatulloev Sherali
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ramachandran Ambady
- Ramke Jacqueline
- Ramos Elisabete
- Ramos Rafel
- Rampal Lekhraj
- Rampal Sanjay
- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
- Rarra Vayia
- Rascon-Pacheco Ramon A
- Rasmussen Mette
- Re Saavedra María Ángeles Dal
- Rech Cassiano Ricardo
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M
- Regecová Valéria
- Revilla Luis
- Rezaianzadeh Abbas
- Ribas-Barba Lourdes
- Ribeiro Robespierre
- Riboli Elio
- Richter Adrian
- Rigo Fernando
- Riley Leanne M
- Rinaldo Natascia
- Rito Ana
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M
- Rivera Juan A
- Robitaille Cynthia
- Roccaldo Romana
- Rodrigues Daniela
- Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea
- Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodríguez-Villamizar Laura A
- Roggenbuck Ulla
- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Rojroongwasinkul Nipa
- Romaguera Dora
- Romdhane Habiba Ben
- Romeo Elisabetta L
- Rosario Angelika Schaffrath
- Rosario Rafaela V
- Rosengren Annika
- Rouse Ian
- Roy Joel GR
- Rubinstein Adolfo
- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Ruiz-Castell Maria
- Rusakova Iuliia A
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
- Rühli Frank J
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sacchini Elena
- Sachdev Harshpal S
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salmerón Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
- Sandjaja
- Sans Susana
- Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia
- Santos Diana A
- Santos Ina S
- Santos Lèlita C
- Santos Maria Paula
- Santos Osvaldo
- Santos Rute
- Sanz Sara Santos
- Saramies Jouko L
- Sardinha Luis B
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Saum Kai-Uwe
- Savin Stefan
- Savva Savvas
- Savy Mathilde
- Sawada Norie
- Sbaraini Mariana
- Scazufca Marcia
- Schaan Beatriz D
- Schargrodsky Herman
- Schienkiewitz Anja
- Schipf Sabine
- Schmidt Carsten O
- Schmidt Ida Maria
- Schnohr Peter
- Schramm Sara
- Schramm Stine
- Schröder Helmut
- Schultsz Constance
- Schutte Aletta E
- Schöttker Ben
- Sebert Sylvain
- Sein Aye Aye
- Selamat Rusidah
- Sember Vedrana
- Sen Abhijit
- Senbanjo Idowu O
- Sepanlou Sadaf G
- Sequera Victor
- Serra-Majem Luis
- Servais Jennifer
- Shalnova Svetlana A
- Shamah-Levy Teresa
- Shamshirgaran Morteza
- Shanthirani Coimbatore Subramaniam
- Sharafkhah Maryam
- Sharma Sanjib K
- Shaw Jonathan E
- Shayanrad Amaneh
- Shayesteh Ali Akbar
- Shengelia Lela
- Shi Zumin
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shimizu-Furusawa Hana
- Shin Dong Wook
- Shirani Majid
- Shiri Rahman
- Shrestha Namuna
- Si-Ramlee Khairil
- Siani Alfonso
- Siantar Rosalynn
- Sibai Abla M
- Silva Antonio M
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Simina Iulia Jurca
- Simon Mary
- Simons Judith
- Simons Leon A
- Sjöberg Agneta
- Sjöström Michael
- Skodje Gry
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugène
- Sodemann Morten
- Soekatri Moesijanti YE
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Solomon Bethlehem D
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Sonestedt Emily
- Song Yi
- Sophiea Marisa K
- Sorić Maroje
- Soto-Rojas Victoria E
- Soumaré Aïcha
- Sovic Slavica
- Sparboe-Nilsen Bente
- Sparrenberger Karen
- Spinelli Angela
- Spiroski Igor
- Staessen Jan A
- Stamm Hanspeter
- Starc Gregor
- Stathopoulou Maria G
- Staub Kaspar
- Stavreski Bill
- Steene-Johannessen Jostein
- Stehle Peter
- Stein Aryeh D
- Stergiou George S
- Stessman Jochanan
- Stevanovic Ranko
- Stevens Gretchen A
- Stieber Jutta
- Stocks Tanja
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stoyanova Ekaterina
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Stöckl Doris
- Suka Machi
- Sun Chien-An
- Sundström Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
- Sunyer Jordi
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Suárez-Medina Ramón
- Swinburn Boyd A
- Sy Rody G
- Syddall Holly E
- Sylva René Charles
- Szklo Moyses
- Szponar Lucjan
- Sánchez-Abanto Jose
- Söderberg Stefan
- Sørensen Thorkild IA
- Sørgjerd Elin P
- Taddei Cristina
- Tai E Shyong
- Tammesoo Mari-Liis
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
- Tang Xun
- Tanrygulyyeva Maya
- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
- Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul
- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B
- Taylor Anne
- Taylor Julie
- Tchibindat Félicité
- Tebar William R
- Tell Grethe S
- Tello Tania
- Tham Yih Chung
- Thankappan KR
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
- Thijs Lutgarde
- Thomas Nihal
- Thuesen Betina H
- Tichá Lubica
- Timmermans Erik J
- Tjonneland Anne
- Tolonen Hanna K
- Tolstrup Janne S
- Topbas Murat
- Topór-Madry Roman
- Torheim Liv Elin
- Tormo María José
- Tornaritis Michael J
- Torrent Maties
- Torres-Collado Laura
- Toselli Stefania
- Touloumi Giota
- Traissac Pierre
- Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
- Trichopoulos Dimitrios
- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trinh Oanh TH
- Trivedi Atul
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tuliakova Azaliia M
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K
- Tullu Fikru
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Turley Maria L
- Twig Gilad
- Tynelius Per
- Tzotzas Themistoklis
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice
- Ukoli Flora AM
- Ulmer Hanno
- Unal Belgin
- Usupova Zhamyila
- Uusitalo Hannu MT
- Uysal Nalan
- Vaitkeviciute Justina
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Vale Susana
- Valvi Damaskini
- van Dam Rob M
- Van der Heyden Johan
- van der Schouw Yvonne T
- Van Herck Koen
- Van Minh Hoang
- Van Schoor Natasja M
- van Valkengoed Irene GM
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Varona-Pérez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren WM Monique
- Victora Cesar G
- Viegi Giovanni
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K
- Visser Marjolein
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vladulescu Mihaela
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vocanec Dorja
- Vollenweider Peter
- Voutilainen Ari
- Voutilainen Sari
- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja GM
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Völzke Henry
- Wade Alisha N
- Wagner Aline
- Waldhör Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilová Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Ängquist Lars
- Łuszczki Edyta
- Ševcíková Ludmila
- Publication venue
- eLife Sciences Publications
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adams RJ
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Agdeppa IA
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadvand A
- Ahrens W
- Ajlouni K
- Al Nsour M
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Othman AR
- Al-Raddadi R
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
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- Anderssen SA
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- Zainuddin AA
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- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilova H
- Zapata ME
- Zaw KK
- Zdrojewski T
- Zeng Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao W
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zhussupov B
- Zimmermann E
- Zuniga Cisneros J
- Publication venue
- NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
- Publication date
- 09/05/2019
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez L.
- Abdeen Z.A.
- Abdrakhmanova S.
- Abdul Ghaffar S.
- Abdul Hamid Z.
- Abu-Rmeileh N.M.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
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- Łuszczki E
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Aarestrup J
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Ghaffar S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Abubakar Garba J
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
- Adu-Afarwuah S
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguenaou H
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Aitmurzaeva G
- Ajlouni K
- Al Asfoor D
- Al Hourani HM
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Hinai H
- Al-Lahou B
- Al-Lawati JA
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Aldwairji MA
- Alexius S
- Ali MM
- Alieva AV
- Alkandari A
- Alkerwi A
- Alkhatib BM
- Allin K
- Alomary SA
- Alomirah HF
- Alshangiti AM
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amiano Etxezarreta P
- Amoah J
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- Amouyel P
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- Anderssen SA
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- Arku RE
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- Aspelund T
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- Łuszczki E
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- Ševčíková Ľ
- Żegleń M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity
Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Self-Reported Diabetes and its Risk Factors: The WHO STEPS Iranian Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance in 2011
- Author
- Publication venue
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Publication date
- 01/09/2017
- Field of study
The high prevalence of diabetes in Iran and other developing countries is chiefly attributed to urbanization. The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and to determine its associated risk factors. This study is a part of the national noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance, conducted in 31 provinces of Iran in 2011. First, 10069 individuals, between 20 and 70 years old (3036 individuals from rural and 7033 from urban areas), were recruited. The major risk factors were studied using a modified WHO STEPS approach. Diabetes was considered based on self-reported diabetes. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 10% overall. The prevalence in the rural and urban settings was 7.4% and 11.1%, respectively. Moderate physical activity (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.29–0.71) and family history of diabetes)OR=6.53, 95% CI=4.29–9.93) were the most important risk factors among the rural residents and systolic blood pressure (OR=1.01, 95% CI=1–1.02), waist circumference (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01–1.03), and overweight (OR=1.36, 95% CI= 1–1.84) were significantly associated with self-reported diabetes in the urban residents. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes in the urban setting was higher than that in the rural setting. Physical inactivity, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure were the most important risk factors associated with self-reported diabetes in Iran