Fiscal instruments through the impact of macroeconomic and structural factors and parameters of the market economy

The existence of a functioning market economy is a prerequisite for the Republic of Moldova to successfully develop its capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the EU. Therefore, at the beginning of the transition period, when the creation and reformation of the public expenditure, taxes, and tax systems was sought in order to ensure their compatibility with the market economy mechanisms along with the changes in the structures of the financial institutions and the national public budget, the functions of the fiscal policy were reasonably focused on the priority role of ensuring the main governmental functions. Over the next few years, after the overall restructuring of the fiscal system, its mechanisms had different effects from what it was expected, in the conditions of a management that proved not to be performing well. This article, in fact, involves dealing with a very complex issue and with numerous and varied interdependencies on the fiscal instruments and the functionality of the national economy

FIM-SIM: Fault Injection Module for CloudSim Based on Statistical Distributions, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2014, nr 4

The evolution of ICT systems in the way data is accessed and used is very fast nowadays. Cloud computing is an innovative way of using and providing computing resources to businesses and individuals and it has gained a faster popularity in the last years. In this context, the user’s expectations are increasing and cloud providers are facing huge challenges. One of these challenges is fault tolerance and both researchers and companies have focused on finding and developing strong fault tolerance models. To validate these models, cloud simulation tools are used as an easy, flexible and fast solution. This paper proposes a Fault Injector Module for CloudSim tool (FIM-SIM) for helping the cloud developers to test and validate their infrastructure. FIM-SIM follows the event- driven model and inserts faults in CloudSim based on statistical distributions. The authors have tested and validated it by conducting several experiments designed to highlight the statistical distribution influence on the failures generated and to observe the CloudSim behavior in its current state and implementation

Research on the incidence of micromycetes on wheat seeds during storage in view damage control

Wheat is the main cereal crop in the EU- world production is about 582.7 million tons from 213.8 million ha. (FAOSTAT, 2020). Romania is a traditional grower and producer of wheat; therefore, it is necessary to obtain a high quality of seed material. Storage fungi are among the major factors causing post-harvest deterioration of crop produce worldwide. FAO estimates that annually, through conditioning and storage, the percentage of losses reaches 6-10%. Three varieties of wheat seeds from crops in south-eastern Romania were analysed, in storage conditions. Measurements were aimed at determining the associated fungal load of wheat seeds and establishing their influence on quality indicators. The paper presents a study on the appearance and development of storage-specific micromycetes. The research was carried out on common wheat seeds from the warehouses of the National Administration of State Reserves and Special Issues. Wheat is stored during the cold season at an optimal level of temperature and humidity, to preserve quality. Seed testing for germination and incidence of was performed in the laboratory by the classic method of filter paper and PDA medium

Virtual machine cluster mobility in inter-cloud platforms

Modern cloud computing applications developed from different interoperable services that are interfacing with each other in a loose coupling approach. This work proposes the concept of the Virtual Machine (VM) cluster migration, meaning that services could be migrated to various clouds based on different constraints such as computational resources and better economical offerings. Since cloud services are instantiated as VMs, an application can be seen as a cluster of VMs that integrate its functionality. We focus on the VM cluster migration by exploring a more sophisticated method with regards to VM network configurations. In particular, networks are hard to managed because their internal setup is changed after a migration, and this is related with the configuration parameters during the re-instantiation to the new cloud platform. To address such issue, we introduce a Software Defined Networking (SDN) service that breaks the problem of network configuration into tractable pieces and involves virtual bridges instead of references to static endpoints. The architecture is modular, it is based on the SDN OpenFlow protocol and allows VMs to be paired in cluster groups that communicate with each other independently of the cloud platform that are deployed. The experimental analysis demonstrates migrations of VM clusters and provides a detailed discussion of service performance for different cases

EELISA Credential: The Recognition Of Commitment And Impact In The Addressing Of Societal Challenges In The EELISA Alliance

EELISA Credential is a unique recognition process provided to EELISA students, professional and alumni who are part of the mission-driven EELISA communities and reflects the commitment and impact level achieved in the addressing of a societal challenge. The EELISA Credential is an individual, progressive environment on which students collect badges. These badges are acquired after verifying the achievement of an educational outcome level after participating in community\u27s educational activities. A badge represents the unit of learning acquisition and impact that corresponds to an educational outcome. It is reflected in the EELISA Credential which itself refers to an impact level and a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). The impact level represents the badge measurement scale. In the EELISA Credential, there are 5 levels of impact (discovery, knowledge, engagement, action, transformation) that correspond to learning objectives relative to SDGs. The education activities proposed by EELISA Communities are defined around a societal challenge defined by a problem owner (faculty, students, local communities). Each activity is centered in 1 or 2 SDGs, and recognizes a maximum of 4 badges. Through the involvement in the activities of EELISA Communities, students enrich their EELISA Credential in areas addressing Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs), progressively improving their capacity for understanding, action and transformation. In this practice paper, we will present the requirements for activities to be part of the EELISA Credential, representative and successful activities, the Quality Assurance system, the lessons learnt in the process of implementing the credential and how EELISA Credential will evolve in the future

Analysis of power consumption in heterogeneous virtual machine environments

Reduction of energy consumption in Cloud computing datacenters today is a hot a research topic, as these consume large amounts of energy. Furthermore, most of the energy is used inefficiently because of the improper usage of computational resources such as CPU, storage and network. A good balance between the computing resources and performed workload is mandatory. In the context of data-intensive applications, a significant portion of energy is consumed just to keep alive virtual machines or to move data around without performing useful computation. Moreover, heterogeneity of resources increases the difficulty degree, when trying to achieve energy efficiency. Power consumption optimization requires identification of those inefficiencies in the underlying system and applications. Based on the relation between server load and energy consumption, we study the efficiency of data-intensive applications, and the penalties, in terms of power consumption, that are introduced by different degrees of heterogeneity of the virtual machines characteristics in a cluster

Analysis of power consumption in heterogeneous virtual machine environments

Reduction of energy consumption in Cloud computing datacenters today is a hot a research topic, as these consume large amounts of energy. Furthermore, most of the energy is used inefficiently because of the improper usage of computational resources such as CPU, storage and network. A good balance between the computing resources and performed workload is mandatory. In the context of data-intensive applications, a significant portion of energy is consumed just to keep alive virtual machines or to move data around without performing useful computation. Moreover, heterogeneity of resources increases the difficulty degree, when trying to achieve energy efficiency. Power consumption optimization requires identification of those inefficiencies in the underlying system and applications. Based on the relation between server load and energy consumption, we study the efficiency of data-intensive applications, and the penalties, in terms of power consumption, that are introduced by different degrees of heterogeneity of the virtual machines characteristics in a cluster

Scientists support Medical University "Nicolae Testemițanu" in the development of the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Republic of Moldova

Laboratorul de Gastroenterologie, USMF "Nicolae Testemițanu", Chișinău, Republica Moldova, Departamentul Medicină Internă, Disciplina de Gastroenterologie, USMF "Nicolae Testemițanu", Chișinău, Republica, Conferința Națională de Gastroenterologie și Hepatologie cu participare internațională „Actualități în gastroenterologie și hepatologie” MoldovaAfter the end of the Second World War, for the homeland defense, the entire staff of the Leningrad Institute of Medicine was transferred to Chișinău together with students and the entire teaching staff and was named the State Institute of Medicine from Chișinău. The Institute began his work on 20 October 1945 with a single faculty – that of General Medicine. The first rector was appointed Sorocean Evpatii Christoforovici. Teachers within the USSR (Russia) had a great influence on the evolution of Moldova's medicine, including in the area of gastroenterology and hepatology. The modern development of Gastroenterology and hepatology in our country had a permanent success because of the support of university rectors. A big contribution had and still have health care ministers from Moldova. The gastroenterology work progress in clinical and scientific field is determined by a permanent contact with chiefs of the university clinical bases and with colleagues from other specialties. The progress of medical science, both of gastroenterology and hepatology is due to a correct and proper management. The enormouswork, both in the past as well as currently, of the entire team of scientists and illustrious physicians contributed and still contributes to the development of national medicine, including gastroenterology and hepatology.После окончания Второй Мировой Войны, весь коллектив Ленинградского Медицинского Института был переведен в Кишинев вместе с студентами и всеми проффесорами под названием Медицинский Государственный Институт Кишинева. Институт начал свою деятельность 20 октября 1945 года, имея всего один факультет – Общая Медицина. Первым ректором был назван Сорочан Евпатий Кристофорович. Профессоры СССР (Россия) имели особенное влияние на развитие медицины в Молдове, включая гастроэнтерологию и гепатологию. Развитие современной гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии в нашей стране имеет успех благодаря постоянной поддержки ректоров университета. Большой вклад внесли и вносят по сей день министры Здрaвоохранения Молдовы. Процветание клинической и научной деятельности осуществляется при постоянном сотрудничестве с глав-врачами клинической базы университета и при помощи коллег других специальностей. Прогресс медицинских наук, гастроэгтерологии, а также гапатологии, обусловлен правильным и подходящим менеджментом. Огромную работу, как в прошлом, так и в настоящим проделал весь коллектив прославленных ученных и врачей, которые способствовали и способствуют в дальнейшем развитию медицины, включая национальную гастроэнтерологию и гепатологию

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions