COMUNIDADE DE PRÁTICAS EMANCIPATÓRIAS: PRÁTICAS TERRITORIAIS VOLTADAS PARA A INFÂNCIA-JUVENTUDE NO MUNICÍPIO DE PELOTAS, RIO GRANDE DO SUL.

Introdução: levando-se em conta a vulnerabilidade e a condição infanto-juvenil no território Dunas, docentes do núcleo de Terapia Ocupacional Social da UFPel propuseram a criação de uma “comunidade de práticas emancipatórias” CoPE, a fim de fomentar alternativas de pesquisa, formação e extensão que perseguissem a democratização do bem público universitário por meio de práticas coletivas. Objetivo: relatar as experiências territoriais desenvolvidas junto às escolas e UBS, destinadas à infância/juventude. Metodologia: Elegeu-se a pesquisa-ação emancipatória (PAE), que tem como finalidade a produção de saberes implicados com a transformação social, por meio de processo educativo facilitador, resguardando a participação radical das pessoas envolvidas e o desenvolvimento de consciências críticas. Processos: foram empregadas diferentes técnicas, como as caminhadas, reuniões com equipamentos públicos e lideranças sociais, oficinas de atividades, dinâmicas e projetos, rodas formativas. Conclusões: As ações realizadas até o presente momento, proporcionaram, simultaneamente, a produção de saberes sobre o território, bem como (re)conhecimentos entre atores, com vistas à consolidação de uma comunidade de práticas. O estímulo à participação social de todos os atores aconteceu mediante as estratégias de deflagração da realidade e convite ao engajamento nos problemas coletivos

Políticas do Sistema Financeiro Nacional: uma Caracterização do Cooperativismo de Crédito no Brasil

The aim of this study is to characterize credit unions in Brazil, analysing their capacity to meet existing demands, seeking to indicate the cause-effect relationship of credit operations on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. The article relies on the theoretical approach of post-Keynesian thought on the supply of credit, in addition to bringing similarities and distinctions with other aspects of economic thought. To verify the causal relationship between credit unions in Brazil and economic growth, the method of quantitative analysis of time series was used, based on data made available by the government through electronic channels managed by Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN) such as IPEADATA and SGS – Time Series Management System. Our results point to a positive relationship between union operations and GDP. However, it was not possible to identify the same result when dealing with the level of employment in the economy.El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Brasil, analizando sus capacidades para atender las demandas existentes, buscando indicar la relación causa-efecto de las operaciones de crédito cooperativo en el crecimiento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB). El artículo utiliza el enfoque teórico del pensamiento poskeynesiano sobre la oferta de crédito, además de traer similitudes y distinciones con otras corrientes de pensamiento económico. Para verificar la relación de causalidad entre las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Brasil y el crecimiento económico, se utilizó el método de análisis cuantitativo de series de tiempo, basado en datos puestos a disposición por el gobierno a través de canales electrónicos gestionados por el Banco Central de Brasil (BACEN) como IPEADATA y SGS – Sistema de Gestión de Series Temporales. Nuestros resultados apuntan a una relación positiva entre las operaciones cooperativas y el PIB. Sin embargo, no fue posible identificar el mismo resultado cuando se trata del nivel de puestos de trabajo en la Economía.O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar as cooperativas de crédito do Brasil, analisando suas capacidades de atender às demandas existentes, buscando indicar a relação de causa-efeito das operações de crédito cooperativo no crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). O artigo conta com a abordagem teórica do pensamento pós-keynesiano sobre a oferta de crédito, além de trazer similaridades e distinções em relação a outras vertentes do pensamento econômico. Para verificar a relação de causalidade entre o cooperativismo de crédito no Brasil e o crescimento econômico, utilizou-se o método de análise quantitativa das séries temporais, com base nos dados disponibilizados pelo governo por meio de canais eletrônicos gerenciados pelo Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) como o IPEADATA - Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada e o SGS – Sistema Gerenciador de Séries Temporais. Nossos resultados apontam para uma relação positiva entre as operações das cooperativas e o PIB. No entanto, não foi possível identificar o mesmo resultado no que se refere ao nível de empregos na economia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt