Fator de resposta (Ky) do feijoeiro ao estresse hídrico

O feijoeiro é cultivado em praticamente todo Brasil, ficando exposto às diversas condições climáticas, cuja deficiência hídrica se torna um importante fator limitante à produção. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos em casa de vegetação, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (níveis de estresse hídrico) e quatro repetições, sendo um tratamento diferenciado pela vedação da superfície do solo. A evapotranspiração medida no ciclo da cultura variou de 400 a 198 mm, aumentando com o acréscimo de níveis de água disponível (AD) dos tratamentos. A produtividade de grãos e de matéria seca da parte área decresceu com a redução da AD e o tratamento onde ocorreu apenas transpiração apresentou melhor desempenho, e o fator de resposta da cultura foi 0,76, caracterizando o feijoeiro como tolerante a deficiência hídrica

Comportamento sazonal dos preços do farelo de soja no Estado de São Paulo e os preços em Ilha Solteira (SP)

A questão da sazonalidade é um aspecto que assume grande relevância, afetando diretamente a quantidade ofertada de produtos no mercado e, consequentemente, seus preços. Neste sentido, os produtores rurais têm de analisar os preços dos fatores de produção visando reduzir seus custos. Particularmente para a produção de carnes, os preços do farelo de soja são relevantes. Desta maneira, objetivou-se neste estudo: i) analisar o comportamento de preços do farelo de soja no município de Ilha Solteira (SP); ii) compará-los a médias do Estado de São Paulo; e iii) calcular o índice de sazonal para o estado, pelo Método da Média Geométrica Móvel Centralizada, descrito em Hoffman (1980). Conclui-se que: i) os preços em Ilha Solteira foram sempre superiores (exceto em julho e agosto de 2012) que os preços do farelo de soja pagos pelos produtores do Estado de São Paulo; ii) os preços médios pagos pelo farelo de soja por produtores paulistas apresentaram comportamento sazonal, iii) o comportamento dos preços do farelo de soja, no município de Ilha Solteira acompanhou, em parte, a sazonalidade detectada para os preços médios pagos pelos produtores paulistas

Validação dos dados de precipitação estimados pelo trmm, para a microrregião de ourinhos – São Paulo / Validation of rainfall data estimated by trmm, for the micro-region of ourinhos – Sao Paulo

O crescimento de informações para obtenção de dados climatológicos tem crescido por conta do aumento de estações meteorológicas para coleta de dados, porém nem todas as áreas possuem essa cobertura principalmente em maior escala. Uma das maiores preocupações encontradas em estudos climatológicos estão relacionados a existência (ou não) de dados consistentes. Estimativas de precipitação por satélite têm sido proposto em vários trabalhos científicos, contribuindo como uma ferramenta importante para a consistência dos dados, constituindo numa ferramenta extremamente útil. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho das estimativas de precipitações pluviais do satélite Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), para a microrregião de Ourinhos, localizada no Estado de São Paulo, onde abrange cerca de 15 municípios e verificar a confiabilidade dos dados em relação aos dados observados em superfície das estações meteorológicas convencionais da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), para o período de 2002 à 2012 em intervalos mensais. Os resultados mostraram que o satélite TRMM pode ser utilizado como uma fonte alternativa de informações sobre a escassez de dados de estações de superfície

Doses de hidogel em alface ‘vanda’ irrigada / Hidrogel doses in irrigated ‘vanda’ lettuce

Buscando eficiência na utilização da água na produção de alface, o uso de hidrogel pode ser uma alternativa para reduzir a quantidade de água na irrigação. Objetivou-se avaliar doses do produto hidrogel na cultura da alface crespa. O experimento foi realizado no município de Bebedouro-SP. Foi utilizado Alface do tipo crespa, cultivar ‘Vanda’, irrigada por microaspersão. O delineamento utilizado no experimento foi blocos casualizados, com 6 blocos e 4 tratamentos. Os tratamentos utilizados foram em função das doses de hidrogel, sendo eles: Tratamento 1 sem hidrogel (testemunha); Tratamento 2 - 1,3 g/L de água; Tratamento 3 - 2,5 g/L de água, recomendado pelo fabricante do produto; Tratamento 4 – 5 g/L de água. Para as avaliações foram mensurados número de folhas, peso de massa fresca e peso de massa seca; além do monitoramento do clima e irrigação. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas nas variáveis analisadas, onde pode-se concluir que a alface necessita de água em abundância e diariamente, como o hidrogel libera água gradativamente, seu efeito em alface não é significativo

Produção de plantas Malpighia punicifolia L. em diferentes substratos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a calagem, o cultivo orgânico e mineral, na fase de formação de mudas de acerola em viveiro, também observar as correlações fenotípicas, genotípicas e ambientais entre atributos quantitativos da aceroleira. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro da Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP ? Campus de Ilha Solteira. Três cultivares foram analisadas em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em oito tratamentos (adubação mineral, orgânica, calcário e micronutrientes) com 11 mudas úteis por parcela no viveiro. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento radicular, número de folhas, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes das mudas de aceroleira aos 9 meses de idade.A adição de esterco bovino propiciou mudas com maior qualidade, especialmente acompanhada de adubação mineral; os substratos da mistura de superfosfato simples (SFS) + FTE-BR12 + esterco bovino + calcário) e de SFS + FTE-BR12 + esterco bovino propiciaram maior desenvolvimento das mudas. Há correlações genotípicas e fenotípicas positivas diretamente proporcionais entre porcentagem de germinação e número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9-6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6-59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5-65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4-4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8-11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4-1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9-64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9-65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9-25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9-32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5-57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6-2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9-12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75·8 years [72·4-78·7]) and males (72·6 years [69·8-75·0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47·0 years [43·7-50·2] for females and 42·8 years [40·1-45·6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41·3% (38·8-43·5) for communicable diseases and by 49·8% (47·9-51·6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40·1% (36·8-43·0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18·1% (16·0-20·2)

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODErn), to generate cause fractions and cause specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NC Ds) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72.5-74.1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 186% (17.9-19.6), and injuries 8.0% (7.7-8.2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22.7% (21.5-23.9), representing an additional 7.61 million (7. 20-8.01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7.9% (7.08.8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 222% (20.0-24.0) and the death rate by 31.8% (30.1-33.3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2.3% (0-5-4-0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13.7% (12.2-15.1) to 57.9 deaths (55.9-59.2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000-289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000-363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118.0% (88.8-148.6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36.4% (32.2-40.6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33.6% (31.2-36.1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respirator}, infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990 neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2017 includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. METHODS: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting