La orientación a las familias de educandos de la escuela secundaria de segundo ciclo con alteraciones en el comportamiento agresivo (Revisión)

The objective of this text is aimed at substantiating issues inherent in the orientation process for families of students with alterations in aggressive behavior, as essential knowledge for teachers of Second Cycle Secondary School "Liceu Público No 4071", Cacuaco, Luanda . Angola can equip themselves with the essential knowledge around this issue and consequently efficiently perform their duties as advisors. The theoretical foundations addressed constitute the results of the doctoral thesis of the first author and respond to the research project "Improvement of preventive and community work at the primary, basic secondary, pre-university and technical and professional educational levels of the Camagüey province".El objetivo del presente texto está dirigido a fundamentar cuestiones inherentes al proceso de orientación a las familias de educandos con alteraciones en el comportamiento agresivo, como saberes imprescindibles para que los profesores de Escuela Secundaria de Segundo Ciclo “Liceu Público No 4071”, Cacuaco, Luanda. Angola puedan pertrecharse de los conocimientos esenciales alrededor de esta temática y consecuentemente, ejercer eficientemente sus funciones como orientadores. Los fundamentos teóricos abordados constituyen resultados de la tesis doctoral del primer autor y responde al proyecto de investigación “Perfeccionamiento del trabajo preventivo y comunitario en los niveles educativos primaria, secundaria básica, preuniversitario y técnica y profesional de la provincia Camagüey”

La rehabilitación acuática para adultos mayores con limitaciones articulares derivadas del envejecimiento (Original)

This article is aimed at giving arguments to prove that adults suffering from lower joint pain may be instructed on rehabilitation aquatic techniques. After constructing a framework, particularly related to the interaction between facilitators and elder adults and based on the relation between the cognitive and affective sphere, surveys were given to a sample of professional and aged people under rehabilitation at the Foundation of the Senior Citizens' Experience Center (CEAM) in the province of Pichincha in Ecuador. The main finding is the description of a proposal of socio‐educative intervention associated to the therapeutic treatment.El presente artículo tiene como propósito exponer resultados científicos que permitan avalar que es posible disminuir las limitaciones articulares del miembro inferior desde la rehabilitación acuática en los adultos mayores, para ello se emplearon métodos y técnicas de investigación del nivel teórico para la construcción y el análisis de las falencias que aún existen en este grupo etario, en particular la relación entre la esfera cognitiva y afectiva, entre el facilitador y el adulto mayor, relaciones de coordinación que se establecen entre los componentes los cuales garantizan la integralidad necesaria para lograr dicho objetivo, para ello se aplicaron encuestas a una muestra de adultos mayores y al profesional a cargo de los mismos llevada a cabo en la fundación Centro de experiencia del adulto mayor (CEAM) en la provincia de Pichincha en Ecuador. El resultado es la descripción de una propuesta de intervención socioeducativo asociada al tratamiento terapéutico

Análisis histórico tendencial del proceso de superación profesional de los especialistas del centro de diagnóstico y orientación (Revisión)

The article describes the stages of the historical trend analysis of the professional improvement of the specialists of the Diagnosis and Orientation Center with particular emphasis on psychologists aimed at the educational care of students with a diagnosis of hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder (ADHD). For its analysis, indicators and stages were taken into consideration. The selection of the latter is provided by historical-pedagogical milestones.El artículo describe las etapas del análisis histórico tendencial de la superación profesional de los especialistas del Centro de Diagnóstico y Orientación con particular énfasis en los psicólogos dirigida a la atención educativa de los educandos con diagnóstico de trastorno de hiperactividad y déficit atentivo (THDA). Para su análisis, se tomaron en consideración indicadores y etapas. La selección de estas últimas está proporcionada por hitos histórico-pedagógicos

Método de Saberes Cooperativos: transformación de la superación profesional en el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa

Objective: The paper describes a working method aimed at transforming the professional improvement of the team of advisors and supervisors of primary education to face socio-educational inclusion. Methods: Research methods such as analysis, synthesis, historical, logical, interview, survey, documentary review and percentage calculation were used as a descriptive statistical method. Result: The main finding is the proposal of a working method aimed at transforming the professional upgrading of the team of advisors and supervisors of primary education to face socio-educational inclusion, characterized by sharing the knowledge learned and building new knowledge from cooperation, skills, habits and values. Conclusions: The professional improvement of the team of advisers and supervisors of primary education in the treatment of socio-educational inclusion is a subject of wide theoretical-methodological repercussion. Its outcomes may be improved by through by using the Cooperative Knowledge Method.Objetivo: El artículo describe un método de trabajo dirigido a la transformación de la superación profesional del equipo de asesores y supervisores de la educación primaria para el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa. Métodos: Se emplearon métodos de investigación como el análisis, la síntesis, el histórico, el lógico, la entrevista, la encuesta, la revisión documental y el cálculo porcentual como método estadístico descriptivo. Resultado: Propuesta de un método de trabajo dirigido a la transformación de la superación profesional del equipo de asesores y supervisores de la educación primaria, para el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa, caracterizado por el intercambio de los saberes aprendidos y la construcción de nuevos conocimientos habilidades, hábitos y valores. Conclusiones: La superación profesional del equipo de asesores y supervisores de educación primaria en el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa es un tema de amplia repercusión teórico metodológica. Sus resultados pueden ser mejorados a partir del empleo del Método de Saberes Compartidos

Reflexiones sobre el diagnóstico psicopedagógico y la superación profesional en la era postgenómica. (Original)

The scientific development reached by Biomedical Sciences reveals a marked tendency to the connections between the psychopedagogical diagnosis and the postgenomic context which can be focused in its theorical perspective for its concretion since the professional development. From articulation of investigative projects between diagnostic and orientation center, structure with intersectoral, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinaries approaches in the conformations of interventions addressed to pupils with special needs education and medical genetics service, the assistencial scientific collaboration is intended. The objective of this article is to stablish the nexus of postgenomic era in the psychopedagogical diagnosis in the scenery of professional development. From a qualitative approach based on the epistemology connote the existence of observations about aspects that bring near the special education and medical genetic in the evaluations of special needs education. As a conclusion it expresses the need to the transformations in the conceptions of the contents of the professional development of the technical staff in the diagnostic and orientation center in the most promissory advances of the genomic sciences for its repercussion in the construction of the psychopedagogical diagnosis.El desarrollo científico alcanzado en la Ciencias Biomédicas devela una tendencia marcada a las conexiones entre el diagnóstico psicopedagógico y el contexto posgenómico, el cual puede abordarse en su perspectiva teórica para su concreción desde la superación profesional. Desde la articulación de proyectos investigativos entre el Centro de Diagnóstico y Orientación, estructura con enfoques multidisciplinarios, interdisciplinarios e intersectoriales en la conformación de las intervenciones dirigidas a los educandos con necesidades educativas especiales y el Servicio de Genética Médica se intenciona la colaboración científica asistencial. EL objetivo de este artículo es fundamentar los nexos de la era posgenómica en el diagnóstico psicopedagógico en el escenario de la superación profesional. Desde un enfoque cualitativo basado en la epistemología connota la existencia de observaciones de aspectos que acercan el vínculo entre la Educación Especial y la Genética Médica en la evaluación de las necesidades educativas especiales. A modo de conclusiones expresa la necesidad de las transformaciones en la concepción de los contenidos de la Superación Profesional del equipo técnico asesor del Centro Diagnóstico y Orientación, centradas en los avances más promisorios de las ciencias genómicas por su repercusión en la construcción del diagnóstico sicopedagógico

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings