Contributo para o desenvolvimento de programas de aulas suplementares de Educação Física : Estudo experimental em crianças com insuficiências de rendimento motor

Dissertação de Doutoramento em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Pedagogia do Desporto, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do Port

Qualidade de vida de mulheres idosas: comparação entre o nível de atividade física

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do nível de atividade física na qualidade de vida de mulheres idosas que participam de programas de atividade física. A amostra foi composta por 27 mulheres idosas com idades entre 65 a 84 anos. O nível de atividade física dos sujeitos foi avaliado por meio do diário de atividade física -- DAF, registrado por 3 dias, 2 durante a semana e um no final de semana. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por meio do Questionário WHOQOL-100 aplicado em forma de entrevista. Na análise dos dados, para o DAF utilizou-se o cálculo da demanda energética, obtendo-se dois níveis de atividade física: pouco ativas (n=14) e muito ativas (n=13). Para o WHOQOL-100 foram adotadas a freqüência percentual e o Teste-T de Student. Observou-se diferença significativa entre os níveis de atividade física e a percepção de qualidade de vida das idosas nos domínios físico (p=0,01) e nível de independência (p=0,026). Dentre as facetas, componentes dos domínios, foram observadas diferenças significativas para: energia e fadiga (p=0,02), mobilidade (p=0,04), capacidade de trabalho (p=0,01), relações pessoais (p=0,004) e apoio social (p=0,03). Portanto, a atividade física pode ser um atributo contribuinte para a melhoria da qualidade de vida destas idosas.  Palavras-Chave: Qualidade de Vida. Atividade Física. Idoso

Relações entre a atividade física e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em crianças e adolescentes durante o distanciamento social COVID-19

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la relación entre la actividad física (AF) y los dominios de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (QVRS) en niños y jóvenes durante la distancia social COVID-19. Se aplicó un estudio transversal y analítico con enfoque cuantitativo en una muestra de 119 niñas y 121 niños. Se aplicaron cuestionarios y métodos estadísticos.La correlación entre AF y HQOL fue más fuerte enlos niños (46,9%) que en las niñas (14,5%), lo que puede explicarse porque existe una relación considerable y más fuerte entre la edad y el grado escolar con HQOL en las niñas.En conclusión, la actividad física se asoció con la QVRS de los niños y adolescentes durante la distancia social COVID-19. Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia de que esta población se mantenga físicamente activa para que los parámetros de salud no se vean afectados durante este período.This study aimed to verify the relationship between physical activity (PA) with health-related quality (HQOL) of life domains in children and adolescents during COVID-19 social distancing. A Cross-sectional and analytical study with a quantitative approach in a sample of 119 girls and 121 boys. Questionnaires and statistical methods were applied.The correlation between PA and HQOL was stronger in boys (46.9%) than girls (14.5%), which may be explained because there is a considerable and stronger relationship between age, and the school grade with HQOL in girls. In conclusion, physical activity was associated with the quality of life of children and adolescents during social distance due to the COVID-19. These findings show the importance of this population to remain physically active so that health parameters are not affected during this period.Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação da atividade física (AF) com domínios da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em crianças e jovens durante o distanciamento social COVID-19. Foi aplicado um estudo transversal e analítico com abordagem quantitativa em uma amostra de 119 meninas e 121 meninos. Questionários e métodos estatísticosforam aplicados.A correlação entre AF e QVRS foi mais forte nos meninos (46,9%) do que nas meninas (14,5%). Isso foi explicado porque há uma relação considerável e mais forte entre idade e ano escolar com QVRS em meninas.Em conclusão, a atividade física se associou à qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes durante o distanciamento social COVID-19. Esses achados mostram a importância dessa população se manter fisicamente ativa para que os parâmetros de saúde não sejam afetados nesse período

Low back pain and physical activity during pregnancy: a longitudinal prospective study

Low back pain (LBP) is an increasingly reported condition, and physical activity (PA) may play an important role. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proportion of pregnancy-related LBP and its association with type and intensity level of PA during pregnancy. A longitudinal prospective study was carried out with a cohort of 118 pregnant women. Participants were evaluated in all trimesters. LBP was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire and participants were categorized according to its occurrence. The type and intensity of PA were evaluated using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized into tertiles. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to verify the relationship between LBP and type, the intensity of PA in all trimesters, and LPB pre-pregnancy. LBP was reported by 40.7%, 52.2% and 66.7% of the subjects in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. No significant associations were found between LBP and type and intensity of PA. However ,women who had LBP before pregnancy, compared to those who did not, had higher odds of expressing LBP during pregnancy (OR= 3.85, 95% CI: 1.344-11.025). LBP is a common condition and increased during pregnancy. Results of this study suggest that type and intensity of PA are not associated with emerging of LBP during pregnancy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lazer e bem-estar espiritual em universitários

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar se as atividades de lazer podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento do bem-estar espiritual na perspectiva de estudantes universitários. Trata de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, transversal, exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso. A pesquisa foi realizada na unidade acadêmica da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, cidade de Ibirité. Participaram 108 estudantes (29,8±10,4 anos), sendo 61,1% do sexo feminino e 38,9% masculino. Em relação ao estado civil, 71,3% são solteiros, 38,9% são casados, e 5,6% são divorciados. Foi adotado um questionário semiestruturado elaborado pelos autores, e o Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire, validado para o português. Como principais resultados obteve-se uma média de 4,4 de concordância de que o lazer pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do bem-estar espiritual; em relação ao resultado do Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire, a média geral foi de 3,8. Considera-se que os diversos benefícios que podem ser alcançados pela interface entre lazer e bem-estar espiritual, potencializam as estratégias de coping, resiliência, assim como a melhoria do desempenho acadêmico.

O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados é determinante no desenvolvimento da obesidade

INTRODUCTION: The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) increases the risk for obesity development; however, the size and impact of this risk has not yet been quantified. OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude of UPF consumption in transition of nutritional status of overweight for obesity. METHODS: This observational study was conducted from the data of 15.024 adults of 18 to 59 years (Women: 56%), of the project Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) of 2019. The nutritional status was determined through the body mass index (BMI). Values of BMI between 25 to 29.99 kg/m2 were classified as overweight (n=9618), and when ≥30kg/m2, they are obese (n=5406). The consumption of UPF was considered low (<9 units/day) or high (≥10 units/day). The risk factors: age, sex, scholarity, consumption <9 minimally processed foods (MPF), physical inactivity (≤150min/week of moderate to vigorous intensity), screen time per day, consumption of alcohol (yes/no), weekly consumption of tobacco (n° of cigarettes/week), high blood pressure (systolic >120mm/Hg and/or diastolic >80mm/Hg) and hyperglycemia (≥126mg/dL) were introduced on model of binary logistic regression for the calculus of Odds Ratio (OR) occurrence. RESULTS: The analysis showed that consumption of ≥10 UPF increases in 37% the odd of occurrence of obesity, regardless of other risk factors as: physical inactivity (OR=+26,1%), screen time (OR=+6,5%), consumption of ≥10 MPF (OR=-59%), absence of high-pressure levels (OR=-52,6%), of hyperglycemia (OR=-29,6%) and major scholarity (OR=-2,1%). CONCLUSION: The size of success in the intervention strategies for the prevention of obesity now is known. The effective intervention involves primarily factors like reduction of UPF consumption and increases of MPF consumption, with impact magnitude of 37% and 59% respectively.INTRODUCCIÓN: El consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados ​​(AUP) aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar obesidad, sin embargo, aún no se ha cuantificado el tamaño y el impacto de este riesgo. OBJETIVO: Determinar la magnitud del consumo de AUP en la transición del estado nutricional del sobrepeso a la obesidad. MÉTODOS: Este estudio observacional se realizó con datos de 15.024 adultos de 18 a 59 años (Mujeres: 56%), del proyecto Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) de 2019. Se determinó utilizando el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los valores de IMC entre 25 y 29,99 kg/m2 fueran clasificados con sobrepeso (n = 9618), y cuando ≥ 30 kg/m2, con obesidad (n = 5406). El consumo de AUP se consideró bajo (<9 unidades/día) o alto (≥10 unidades/día). Factores de riesgo: edad, sexo, educación, consumo <9 alimentos mínimamente procesados ​​(AMP), inactividad física (≤150 min / semana de intensidad moderada a vigorosa), horas de pantalla por día, consumo de alcohol (sí/no), tabaco semanal (número de cigarrillos/semana), la presión arterial alta (sistólica>120 mm/Hg y/o diastólica>80 mm/Hg) y la hiperglucemia (≥126 mg/dL) se introdujeron en el modelo de regresión logística binaria para el cálculo de las razones de probabilidad (Odds Ratio [OR]). RESULTADOS: El consumo de ≥10 AUP aumentó en un 37% la probabilidad de aparición de obesidad, independientemente de los otros factores de riesgo: inactividad física (OR=+26,1%), tiempo de pantalla (OR=+6,5%), consumo de ≥10 PAM (OR= -59%), ausencia de hipertensión arterial (OR= -52,6%), hiperglucemia (OR= -29,6%) y estudios superiores (OR= -2,1%). CONCLUSIÓN: Ahora se conoce el tamaño del éxito en las estrategias de intervención para la prevención de la obesidad. La intervención efectiva involucra principalmente factores como la reducción del consumo de AUP y consumo del AMP, con magnitudes de impacto del 37% y 59%, respectivamente. INTRODUÇÃO: O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) aumenta o risco para o desenvolvimento da obesidade, contudo, ainda não foi quantificado tamanho e impacto desse risco.  OBJETIVO: Determinar a magnitude do consumo de AUP na transição do estado nutricional de sobrepeso para a obesidade. MÉTODOS: Este estudo observacional foi conduzido a partir de dados de 15.024 adultos dos 18 aos 59 anos (Mulheres: 56%), do projeto Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) de 2019. O estado nutricional foi determinado mediante o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Valores de IMC entre 25 e 29.99 kg/m2 classificaram sobrepeso (n=9618) e quando ≥30kg/m2, era considerada a obesidade (n=5406). O consumo de AUP foi considerado baixo (<9 unidades/dia) ou elevado (≥10 unidades/dia). Os fatores de risco: idade, sexo, escolaridade, consumo <9 alimentos minimamente processados (AMP), inatividade física (≤150 min/semana de intensidade moderada a vigorosa), horas de tela por dia, consumo de álcool (sim/não), consumo semanal de tabaco (nº de cigarros/semana), pressão arterial elevada (sistólica >120mm/Hg e/ou diastólica >80mm/Hg) e hiperglicemia (≥126mg/dL) foram introduzidos no modelo de regressão logística binária para o cálculo das razões de chance (Odds Ratio [OR]). RESULTADOS: O consumo de ≥10 AUP aumentou em 37% a probabilidade de ocorrência de obesidade, independentemente dos demais fatores de risco: inatividade física (OR=+26,1%), tempo de tela (OR=+6,5%), consumo de ≥10 AMP (OR=-59%), ausência de níveis pressóricos elevados (OR=-52,6%), de hiperglicemia (OR=-29,6%) e maior escolaridade (OR=-2,1%). CONCLUSÃO: O tamanho do sucesso nas estratégias interventivas para a prevenção da obesidade agora é conhecido A intervenção efetiva envolve prioritariamente fatores como redução do consumo de AUP e aumento do consumo de AMP, com magnitude do impacto de 37% e 59%, respectivamente

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit