Al-Hazf dalam Rasm Uthmani: kesan dalam pentafsiran

Kepelbagaian bentuk penulisan dalam rasm ‘Uthmani yang terdiri dari al-Hazf, al-Ziyadah, al-Hamzah, al-Ibdal, Maqtu’ dan Mausul, dan Ma fihi Qira’atan merupakan suatu indikator kepada kemukjizatan al-Quran. Ia sudah tentu mampu membantu proses tadabbur dalam menyingkap banyak rahsia dan makna kalam Allah. Fokus artikel ini adalah untuk menyingkap rahsia di sebalik al-Hazf. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif dengan rekabentuk kajian kes menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan muqaran. Hasil kajian mendapati sampel yang didatangkan memiliki makna yang istimewa dan maksud yang lebih meluas bahkan ia menjadi pembuktian bahawa rasm ‘Uthmani itu bersifat tawqifi dan bukannya ijtihad para sahabat semata-mata. Implikasi dari kajian ini dapat memberi nafas baru dalam bidang rasm ‘Uthmani untuk menggali dengan lebih mendalam kepelbagaian dan keunikan kalimah-kalimah yang terdapat dalam al-Quran

Overview on performance of water scrubber systems in reducing odour at raw natural rubber processing factories in Malaysia / Fatin Hamimi Alias

The upcoming Odour Regulation enforcement by the Department of Environment (DOE) sets an odour discharge limit at point of emission of not more than 25,000 ou/m3 at all times for all raw rubber processing factories. The major source of malodour is from the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via exhaust gas during the drying activity and is presently controlled by using water scrubber treatment systems. In the present study, the operating conditions and performances of a scrubber from a local Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR) factory was evaluated to find factors affecting high odour discharge levels. Poor performance of scrubbers was due to low scrubbing efficiency and this was attributed by the acidic pH levels of scrubbing liquid and high air flow rates. High odour concentration levels of the drier’s exhaust gas were due to high volatile content in the raw rubber. Some design recommendations made include suggestions in installing gauges to monitor and control contributing factors hampering scrubber performance

Effects of additives in reducing the odour concentration emanating from water scrubber in rubber processing factory/ Mohd Ikram Mohammad... [et al.]

The paper describes the effects of additives incorporated into the scrubbing medium in reducing the odour concentration emanating from the water scrubber treatment system (WSTS) in Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR) processing factory. Two different types of commercial WSTS additives were used in a lab scale simulation of a WSTS using water scrubber samples (WSS) as the scrubbing medium that were sourced from a local SMR processing factory. The WSS after incorporation of the additives were tested for odour concentration via olfactometry analysis. Total solid content, suspended solid, pH, UV-vis analysis and contact angle measurements of the WSS were also conducted. The results of olfactometry analysis indicated that each of the additives reduced the odour concentration level by 9.25% and 42.84%, respectively. The reduction in odour concentration was accompanied by an increase in total solid, suspended solid, pH and UV measureable compounds which may indicate an increase in the WSTS efficiency. The additions of additives were also shown to reduce the contact angle of the WSS that could plausibly be attributed to changes in the wetting properties of WSS. The work conducted has presented the likely effects of additives in the scrubbing medium or WSS of the WSTS in terms of its performance and properties

Videographical Analysis of Short Service in Badminton

The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic variables (shuttle velocity and racket angle) and segmental variables. For the purpose of the study eight male intervarsity badminton players were selected as the subjects. The mean age, height and body weight of the subjects were reported as 18.8± 0.9 years, 174.8± 3.5 cm & 66.9 ± 4.5 kg respectively. Canon Legria HF S10 Camcorder operating at 60 Hz used to record the movement. The identified clips were analyzed with the help of Silicon Coach Pro7 motion analysis software. The result of study revealed that there is significant difference existed between forehand short service and backhand short service at racket angle and shoulder angle. Whereas there was negative relationship exists between shoulder angle and shuttle velocity

Logic modeling and mathematical model in developing a tree species selection prototype

Logic modeling and mathematical model can aid system analysts, system developers and programmers to construct a system during a system development process. Logic modeling and mathematical model are the techniques used in the system analysis phase. In the midst of the most common logic modeling, are decision tables and structured English. These techniques help the person in charge to develop a system through illustrations in order to give better understanding and for solving a problem specification. In this article, we briefly describe on decision tables, structured English and mathematical model. The article aims to explain the use of decision tables, structured English and mathematical model for the development of a tree species selection prototype for Malaysian forest plantation. The algorithms related to the analysis of the systems prototype were also presented in this article. Overall, the techniques are capable of supporting the data acquisition and presentation from the context of the given problem specification

Photoshop Sdn. Bhd. / Ismail Yusop ... [et al.]

PhotoShop Sdn Bhd is a business formed by 5 business partners that inspire to be successful entrepreneurs. PhotoShop Sdn Bhd is involves in indoor and outdoor photography services and retail selling of photographic equipments, hand phone reload card and photostat services. FujiFilm Sdn Bhd is our sale distributor for our shop. Our target market is the resident of Bandar Baru Sri Petahng, the students and also the teenagers who seek up the latest technology of photographic. For that, we sell digital cameras and provide service to guide how to use it. Furthermore, we provide service in video recording in different kinds of ceremony. As this business not yet preferable in this area, we assure this business can be profitable. Our business will stand operation on 1st December 2003. It is situated at 10, Jalan Raden Amim, Bandar Baru Sri Petaling 57000 Kuala Lumpur. We choose this location because there is only few photos shop in this area. Besides, we're confident that we can make profit here as there are many families, students, workers and also teenagers that influence to try new technology. Furthermore the purchasing power of the community here is increased and ready to be our customer

Multinational prospective cohort study of rates and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia over 24 years in 42 countries of Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)

Objective: Rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are several times above those of high-income countries. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors (RFs) for VAP cases in ICUs of LMICs. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: This study was conducted across 743 ICUs of 282 hospitals in 144 cities in 42 Asian, African, European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries. Participants: The study included patients admitted to ICUs across 24 years. Results: In total, 289,643 patients were followed during 1,951,405 patient days and acquired 8,236 VAPs. We analyzed 10 independent variables. Multiple logistic regression identified the following independent VAP RFs: male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.28; P <.0001); longer length of stay (LOS), which increased the risk 7% per day (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.07-1.08; P <.0001); mechanical ventilation (MV) utilization ratio (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.23-1.31; P <.0001); continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which was associated with the highest risk (aOR, 13.38; 95% CI, 11.57-15.48; P <.0001)Revisión por pare

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups