The Many Uses of Matā on Rapa Nui

Obsidian tools with a stem or tang attached to a blade and known as matā have been recovered from a broad range of archaeological contexts on Rapa Nui. Their highly variable morphology suggests that this class of artifact had multiple, but too few analyses of their use-wear have been conducted to be confident about the relationships between form and use. A sample of 22 matā from sealed archaeological deposits in a cave on the southern coast of Rapa Nui and ranging in age from ca. A.D. 1300–1800 were analyzed using high power magnification. The patterns of use-wear scarring, striations, polishes, and residues demonstrate that the tools were all hafted and were used in a broad range of activities including fish processing and the manufacture and/or decoration of wooden, bone, and shell artifacts. The results demonstrate the importance of additional comprehensive usewear and residue studies for understanding the multiple roles of matā within ancient Rapa Nui society

The Grizzly, October 23, 2014

Website Launching • Homecoming Kicking Off This Weekend • Board to Discuss New President • Good Neighbors Debuting This Week • Grizzly Gala Returning • American Class Style Can be Surprising • Throop Researches Medieval Europe • U-Innovate Competition Returns • Don\u27t Forget About Small Majors • Opinion: The Problem With Capital Punishment; Extraterrestrial Existence: Reason to Believe? • Football Team Preparing for Homecoming • Serving Up Success • Field Hockey Dashes to 11-2 Starthttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1913/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 6, 2014

Dr. Peter Small Appointed as Interim Dean • Berman Receives Large Grant • Graduates Granted Campus Housing • Campus Safety Handles Thefts • Senate Changes Organization • Learning to Embrace American Foods • Watson Fellowship Nominees Announced • Myrin Undergoes Renovations • Dr. Jennifer Fleeger Writes Book on Mismatched Female Voices in Film • Opinion: The Francis Effect Alters Public Perception of Roman Catholic Church; How Proactive is Rape Prevention Nail Polish? • Men\u27s Swim Hoping to Make a Splash • Pinning Down Success • Field Hockey to Host Centennial Playoffshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1915/thumbnail.jp

Tissue of origin dictates branched-chain amino acid metabolism in mutant Kras-driven cancers

Tumor genetics guides patient selection for many new therapies, and cell culture studies have demonstrated that specific mutations can promote metabolic phenotypes. However, whether tissue context defines cancer dependence on specific metabolic pathways is unknown. Kras activation and Trp53 deletion in the pancreas or the lung result in pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma (PDAC) or non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), respectively, but despite the same initiating events, these tumors use branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) differently. NSCLC tumors incorporate free BCAAs into tissue protein and use BCAAs as a nitrogen source, whereas PDAC tumors have decreased BCAA uptake. These differences are reflected in expression levels of BCAA catabolic enzymes in both mice and humans. Loss of Bcat1 and Bcat2, the enzymes responsible for BCAA use, impairs NSCLC tumor formation, but these enzymes are not required for PDAC tumor formation, arguing that tissue of origin is an important determinant of how cancers satisfy their metabolic requirements.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant F30CA183474)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant T32GM007753

Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations

There are two very different interpretations of the prehistory of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA), with genetic evidence invoked in support of both. The “out-of-Taiwan” model proposes a major Late Holocene expansion of Neolithic Austronesian speakers from Taiwan. An alternative, proposing that Late Glacial/postglacial sea-level rises triggered largely autochthonous dispersals, accounts for some otherwise enigmatic genetic patterns, but fails to explain the Austronesian language dispersal. Combining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome and genome-wide data, we performed the most comprehensive analysis of the region to date, obtaining highly consistent results across all three systems and allowing us to reconcile the models. We infer a primarily common ancestry for Taiwan/ISEA populations established before the Neolithic, but also detected clear signals of two minor Late Holocene migrations, probably representing Neolithic input from both Mainland Southeast Asia and South China, via Taiwan. This latter may therefore have mediated the Austronesian language dispersal, implying small-scale migration and language shift rather than large-scale expansion

Validation practices for satellite based earth observation data across communities

Assessing the inherent uncertainties in satellite data products is a challenging task. Different technical approaches have been developed in the Earth Observation (EO) communities to address the validation problem which results in a large variety of methods as well as terminology. This paper reviews state-of-the-art methods of satellite validation and documents their similarities and differences. First the overall validation objectives and terminologies are specified, followed by a generic mathematical formulation of the validation problem. Metrics currently used as well as more advanced EO validation approaches are introduced thereafter. An outlook on the applicability and requirements of current EO validation approaches and targets is given

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

USO DE RECEPTORES GPS DE 100 HZ NA DETECÇÃO DE DEFLEXÕES VERTICAIS MILIMÉTRICAS DE PONTES DE CONCRETO DE PEQUENO PORTE

As últimas quatro décadas foram importantes para o desenvolvimento da malha rodoviária brasileira. O país recebeu incentivos financeiros para a sua expansão e diversas soluções estruturais para pontes e viadutos foram criadas. Em paralelo a este desenvolvimento, houve nos últimos anos um crescimento significativo dessas estruturas em estágio avançado de deterioração devido à ausência de programas de manutenção preventiva. Dessa maneira, este trabalho propõe o uso de receptores GPS num plano de monitoramento de curta duração para acompanhar o comportamento estrutural de uma ponte rodoviária curva de concreto armado já em serviço. E apresenta os primeiros resultados da pesquisa com a portadora L1 do sistema GPS e dados gravados com taxa de 100 Hz, no monitoramento do vão central de ponte de concreto de pequeno porte situada sobre o Rio Jaguari, na cidade de Extrema, divisa entre os Estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. O desafio reside no fato de que estruturas como estas - pontes de concreto de pequeno e médio porte - respondem pela grande maioria das obras de arte da malha rodoviária brasileira e por serem estruturas rígidas, apresentam deflexões verticais pequenas, de até 5mm. O experimento foi realizado por meio de sessões de observações com receptores GPS sobre a ponte, no vão instrumentado por equipamentos convencionais para posterior confrontação de resultados entre os receptores GPS e os métodos clássicos de monitoramento. A ferramenta de filtragem Continuos Wavelet Transform (CWT) foi utilizada para analisar as frequências de resposta da ponte a partir dos resíduos da dupla diferença de fase da portadora L1. A análise do espectro de energia da CWT gerado a partir dos dados coletados com os receptores GPS indicou alta concentração de energia nas mesmas faixas de frequência - de resposta do tabuleiro da ponte - apontadas pela Modelagem por Elementos Finitos e pela prova de carga dinâmica