Extending the Hubble diagram by gamma ray bursts

A new method to constrain the cosmological equation of state is proposed by using combined samples of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae (SNeIa). The Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parameterization is adopted for the equation of state in order to find out a realistic approach to achieve the deceleration/acceleration transition phase of dark energy models. We find that GRBs, calibrated by SNeIa, could be good distance indicators capable of discriminating between cosmological models and $\Lambda$CDM model at high redshift.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Astron. & Astrop

A trio of gamma-ray burst supernovae: GRB 120729A, GRB 130215A/SN 2013ez, and GRB 130831A/SN 2013fu

We present optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry for three gamma-ray burst supernovae (GRB-SNe): GRB 120729A, GRB 130215A/SN 2013ez, and GRB 130831A/SN 2013fu. For GRB 130215A/SN 2013ez, we also present optical spectroscopy at t − t0 = 16.1 d, which covers rest-frame 3000–6250 Å. Based on Fe ii λ5169 and Si ii λ6355, our spectrum indicates an unusually low expansion velocity of ~4000–6350 km s-1, the lowest ever measured for a GRB-SN. Additionally, we determined the brightness and shape of each accompanying SN relative to a template supernova (SN 1998bw), which were used to estimate the amount of nickel produced via nucleosynthesis during each explosion. We find that our derived nickel masses are typical of other GRB-SNe, and greater than those of SNe Ibc that are not associated with GRBs. For GRB 130831A/SN 2013fu, we used our well-sampled R-band light curve (LC) to estimate the amount of ejecta mass and the kinetic energy of the SN, finding that these too are similar to other GRB-SNe. For GRB 130215A, we took advantage of contemporaneous optical/NIR observations to construct an optical/NIR bolometric LC of the afterglow. We fit the bolometric LC with the millisecond magnetar model of Zhang & Mészáros (2001, ApJ, 552, L35), which considers dipole radiation as a source of energy injection to the forward shock powering the optical/NIR afterglow. Using this model we derive an initial spin period of P = 12 ms and a magnetic field of B = 1.1 × 1015 G, which are commensurate with those found for proposed magnetar central engines of other long-duration GRBs

Social Phobia and Its Relation with Job Performance of High Education Staffs

The main object of this project was examination of the relation between social phobia and the job performance of Mazandaran Islamic Azad universities’ staffs. The method of this research was selected as descriptivecorrelational one, and its statistical universe was (N=1188).Our statistical sample was based on krejcie& Morgan table and n=291 staffs were selected by a classified random sampling. Data gathering tools were two standard questionnaires: Connor et.al social phobia (2000) and Paterson job performance (1970).We analyzed data by descriptive statistics (includes: frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (includes: Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression), with using SPSS software. Results showed that there is a significant negative relation between social phobia and its components with job performance. Also, social phobia components (avoidance, fear and physiologic problem, respectively) were some significant predictors for job performance. This study is a comprehensive understanding about social phobia disorder and its importance on job performance, and also it can be a basis for future research

The Effectiveness of Human Resource Management on Improving the Performance of Education Staff

This study examines and analyzes the role of human resources management on improving the effectiveness of education staff. The aim of this study is to analyze the main indicators of organizational management that includes5subscales, searching for staff, staff recruitment and selection, design and implementation of training programs, employee performance evaluation and training of trainers in the organizational unit. For this purpose, 120 people from statistical community of administrators and teachers were selected using simple random sampling. The tool of this study is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 40 questions and is scored on Likert scale. Data was collected after completion of questionnaire by samples. In order to compare the results, statistical model of one-sample t was used for each of the questions related to the indicator of management of human resources. And also using t-model of two independent groups, each item was compared with an emphasis on organizational status (employee-manager) and it was concluded that the impact of human resource management in improving organizational effectiveness is effective in the level of 1% alpha

The absence of centrioles from spindle poles of rat kangaroo (PtK2) cells undergoing meiotic-like reduction division in vitro

Light and electron microscopy were used to study somatic cell reduction division occurring spontaneously in tetraploid populations of rat kangaroo Potorous tridactyl/s (PtK2) cells in vitro. Light microscopy coupled with time-lapse photography documented the pattern of reduction division which includes an anaphase-like movement of double chromatid chromosomes to opposite spindle poles followed by the organization of two separate metaphase plates and synchronous anaphase division to form four poles and four daughter nuclei. The resulting daughter cells were isolated and cloned, showing their viability, and karyotyped to determine their ploidy. Ultrastructural analysis of ceils undergoing reduction consistently revealed two duplexes of centrioles (one at each of two spindle poles) and two spindle poles in each cell that lacked centrioles but with microtubules terminating in a pericentriolar-like cloud of material. These results suggest that the centriole is not essential for spindle pole formation and division and implicate the cloud region as a necessary component of the spindle apparatus

Quran and Hadith position in Mathnawi Maanavi

Rumi has been a scholar and mystic poet and has had an irrefragable relationship with Quran and Prophetic Hadiths. That is why Mathnawi is a book that interprets and describes Quran and some Islamic educations -the Hadiths -in the form of poem, allegory, logic and mysticism. The eternality mystery of Mathnawi is that it has adopted from Quran in many cases, and thanks to this benefit from Quran and Hadith, it has reached immortality. The aim of this research is to investigate the mystic views of Rumi about Quran and Hadith and reflecting them in MathnawiMaanavi. The research methodology is an analytical and descriptive method and this is a library research. The information gathering tool is not-taking. Having read the related books, magazines and theses, the researchertried to collect credible information

Turning knowledge into wisdom: Improving the reading comprehension ability of EFL students through thinking analytically and reading critically

Abstract. This study explores the ways in which Critical Reading (CR) practices can improve reading comprehension ability of Iranian EFL students. In the present study, the following null hypothesis was proposed: The application of critical reading has no significant effect on improving the reading comprehension ability of Iranian EFL students. The proposed design was a pretest-posttest groups design. Hence, a group of seventy homogeneous students were selected. They were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Then both groups enjoyed a series of similar instructions except that the students in experimental group were required to express their own opinions about and react critically to the reading passage they had just read. The students in order to express their own ideas about and react critically to the passage had to activate and use their background knowledge. Finally, in order to capture the probable significant relationship between critical reading and reading comprehension a t-test was used. The results rejected the null hypothesis, and indicated that critical reading practices positively affected students' reading comprehension

Psychostimulants

A current survey and synthesis of the most important findings in our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction are detailed in our Neurobiology of Addiction series, each volume addressing a specific area of addiction. Psychostimulants, Volume 2 in the series, explores the molecular and cellular systems in the brain responsible for psychostimulant addiction, including both direct/indirect sympathomimetics and nonsympathomimetics. This volume introduces the readers to the history of psychostimulant use. The authors clearly differentiate the neurobiological effects into three distinct stages of the addiction cycle: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved