The Future of the New International Tax Regime

TesisObjetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual - VIH/SIDA y sus medidas preventivas en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - UNSCH. Marzo - junio del 2018. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo: Aplicada, con diseño: descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, comparativo. Muestra: 310 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, que conformaron 93 estudiantes de obstetricia, 40 estudiantes de medicina humana, 90 estudiantes de enfermería y 87 estudiantes de farmacia y bioquímica, matriculados en el semestre académico 2018-I; la técnica fue la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Los datos obtenidos fueron almacenados y procesados en elpaquete estadístico SPSS 22.0 G, para el análisis de datos se utilizó el método de la escala de Stanones, así determinar el nivel de conocimiento, para la comparación de la hipótesis se utilizó el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba de Tukey, para el nivel de confiabilidad se utilizó el chi cuadrado, siendo P 3 asignaturas que incluyen contenidos de las ITS, tienen un nivel de conocimiento medio con un 71.90% y alto con un 21.90%, en relación a los que llevaron ≤3 asignaturas tienen nivel de conocimiento medio con un 63.70% y bajo con un 28.10%; el 71. 40% del sexo masculino y 62.50% el sexo femenino tienen un nivel de conocimiento medio. En la dimensión del nivel de conocimiento sobre las ITS - VIH/SIDA, el 64.50% de estudiantes tienen el nivel de conocimiento medio, siendo el 87.50% en medicina humana, el 65.60% en obstetricia, el 61.10% en enfermería y el 50.60% en farmacia y bioquímica; habiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa de obstetricia respecto a farmacia y bioquímica; medicina humana respecto a enfermería y farmacia y bioquímica. En la dimensión de medidas preventivas de las ITS - VIH/SIDA, 60.30% tienen un nivel de conocimiento medio, siendo el 76.80% en farmacia y bioquímica, el 65.60% en obstetricia, 53.30% en enfermería y 47.50% medicina humana; no habiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Desconocen el tratamiento de las ITS - VIH/SIDA, los signos y síntomas, el agente causal y patógeno, del mismo modo ocurre de las fases del VIH, las complicaciones de las ITS - VIH/SIDA y las medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud tienen un nivel de conocimiento medio de las ITS - VIH/SIDA y sus medidas preventivas, el número de asignaturas influye en el nivel de conocimiento, el sexo no influye en el nivel de conocimiento. Habiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas

Symposium: The Future of the New International Tax Regime

The symposium was held at Fordham University School of Law on October 26, 2018. It has been edited to remove minor cadences of speech that appear awkward in writing and to provide sources and references to other explanatory materials in respect to certain statements made by the speakers

The twilight of the Liberal Social Contract? On the Reception of Rawlsian Political Liberalism

This chapter discusses the Rawlsian project of public reason, or public justification-based 'political' liberalism, and its reception. After a brief philosophical rather than philological reconstruction of the project, the chapter revolves around a distinction between idealist and realist responses to it. Focusing on political liberalism’s critical reception illuminates an overarching question: was Rawls’s revival of a contractualist approach to liberal legitimacy a fruitful move for liberalism and/or the social contract tradition? The last section contains a largely negative answer to that question. Nonetheless the chapter's conclusion shows that the research programme of political liberalism provided and continues to provide illuminating insights into the limitations of liberal contractualism, especially under conditions of persistent and radical diversity. The programme is, however, less receptive to challenges to do with the relative decline of the power of modern states

Constitutivism

A brief explanation and overview of constitutivism

Rapid Seeding of the Viral Reservoir Prior to SIV Viremia in Rhesus Monkeys

The viral reservoir represents a critical challenge facing HIV-1 eradication strategies1–5. However, it remains unclear when and where the viral reservoir is seeded during acute infection and the extent to which it is susceptible to early antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here we show that the viral reservoir is seeded very early following mucosal SIV infection of rhesus monkeys and prior to systemic viremia. We initiated suppressive ART in groups of monkeys on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 following intrarectal SIVmac251 infection. Treatment on day 3 blocked the emergence of viral RNA and proviral DNA in peripheral blood and also substantially reduced levels of proviral DNA in lymph nodes and gastrointestinal mucosa as compared with treatment at later timepoints. In addition, treatment on day 3 abrogated the induction of SIV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Nevertheless, following discontinuation of ART after 24 weeks of fully suppressive therapy, virus rebounded in all animals, although animals treated on day 3 exhibited a delayed viral rebound as compared with animals treated on days 7, 10 and 14. The time to viral rebound correlated with total viremia during acute infection and with proviral DNA at the time of ART discontinuation. These data demonstrate that the viral reservoir is seeded very early following intrarectal SIV infection of rhesus monkeys, during the “eclipse” phase, and prior to viremia. This strikingly early seeding of the refractory viral reservoir raises important new challenges for HIV-1 eradication strategies

Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues

Characterization of the molecular function of the human genome and its variation across individuals is essential for identifying the cellular mechanisms that underlie human genetic traits and diseases. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project aims to characterize variation in gene expression levels across individuals and diverse tissues of the human body, many of which are not easily accessible. Here we describe genetic effects on gene expression levels across 44 human tissues. We find that local genetic variation affects gene expression levels for the majority of genes, and we further identify inter-chromosomal genetic effects for 93 genes and 112 loci. On the basis of the identified genetic effects, we characterize patterns of tissue specificity, compare local and distal effects, and evaluate the functional properties of the genetic effects. We also demonstrate that multi-tissue, multi-individual data can be used to identify genes and pathways affected by human disease-associated variation, enabling a mechanistic interpretation of gene regulation and the genetic basis of diseas

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead