Nutrition Work ln Iowa

The women of Iowa are being kept in close contact with the new experiments and fundamentals of nutrition thru the service of the Extension department of Iowa State College

Silicon Photomultipliers for UHECR Observation from Space

The origin and the underlying acceleration mechanisms of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) are one of the topics of research in astroparticle physics. To answer these questions, measurements with high statistics are needed of the extensive air showers the UHECR produce in the earth’s atmosphere. By going to space, the proposed Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) aims to detect atmospheric showers over a large area using the fluorescence method, which requires sensitive light detectors. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional photomultiplier tubes, with various advantages such as lower weight and lower operating voltage. However, the ability of SiPM to detect light in a near-space environment has yet to be demonstrated, and the influence of the high rate of thermal noise and strong dependence on ambient temperature has to be assessed. This work is divided into two parts. First, the temperature dependence of the SiPM gain is studied with an experimental setup. A novel algorithm is presented to measure the SiPM gain in real-time, which allows the stabilization of the gain without the need for external temperature measurements. In the second part, data of a prototype SiPM camera, which was flown on a EUSO super pressure balloon pathfinder in the spring of 2017, were analysed. This includes a statistical analysis of the background for UHECR search, both from thermal detector noise and from physical UV background in the atmosphere. Furthermore, transient events were identified, which hint at moving clouds. In the end, a brief comparison between the SiPM prototype and the main camera using photomultiplier tubes is shown.Der Ursprung hochenergetischer kosmischer Strahlung und die zugrunde liegenden Beschleunigungsmechanismen sind Bestandteil aktueller Forschung in der Astroteilchen-Physik. Um diesen Fragen auf den Grund zu gehen, muss eine große Anzahl von Teilchenschauern gemessen werden, die beim Eindringen kosmischer Strahlung in die Atmosphäre enstehen. Die Idee des Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) ist deshalb, die Atmosphäre aus dem Weltall zu beobachten, um auf einer großen Fläche Teilchenschauer und deren Fluoreszenzlicht aufzuzeichnen. Dies erfordert empfindliche Lichtdetektoren. Neben den herkömmlich benutzten Photomultiplier-Tubes sind Silizum-Photomultiplier (SiPM) eine vielversprechende Alternative, da sie keine Hochspannung benötigen und zudem leichter sind. Derzeit gibt es noch keine experimentellen Erfahrungen mit SiPM im Weltall, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die hohe thermische Dunkelrate und starke Temperaturempfindlichkeit der Detektoren. Die vorliegende Arbeit besteht aus zwei Teilen: Im ersten Teil wird mithilfe eines experimentellen Aufbaus der Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Verstärkung von SiPM untersucht. Dazu wird ein Algorithmus zur Echtzeitmessung der Verstärkung entwickelt, der es erlaubt die Verstärkung ohne externe Temperaturmessung zu stabilisieren. Im zweiten Teil werden Daten einer SiPM- Prototyp-Kamera analysiert, die während eines EUSO-Ballonflugs im Frühling 2017 aufgenommen wurden. Eine statistische Auswertung der Daten ergibt eine Abschätzung des Untergrundes für die Messung kosmischer Strahlung, sowohl durch thermisches Rauschen im Detektor als auch durch den physikalischen UV-Hintergrund der Atmosphäre. Außerdem werden zeitlich veränderliche Signale identifiziert, die zum Beispiel durch Wolken verursacht werden können. Zum Schluss wird ein Vergleich der SiPM-Prototyp-Kamera mit der Hauptkamera des Ballons gezeigt, bei der herkömmliche Photomultiplier-Tubes benutzt wurden

Observing the Spontaneous Breakdown of Unitarity

During the past decade, the experimental development of being able to create ever larger and heavier quantum superpositions has brought the discussion of the connection between microscopic quantum mechanics and macroscopic classical physics back to the forefront of physical research. Under equilibrium conditions this connection is in fact well understood in terms of the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking, while the emergence of classical dynamics can be described within an ensemble averaged description in terms of decoherence. The remaining realm of individual-state quantum dynamics in the thermodynamic limit was addressed in a recent paper proposing that the unitarity of quantum mechanical time evolution in macroscopic objects may be susceptible to a spontaneous breakdown. Here we will discuss the implications of this theory of spontaneous unitarity breaking for the modern experiments involving truly macroscopic Schrodinger cat states.Comment: 4 pages, no figure

The formulation of imputation of the crime of homicide in traffic accidents. Eventual dolo or guilt with representation in Colombia

El presente artículo de investigación se propuso responder en concreto, qué tipo de parámetros podrían ser tenidos en cuenta por la Fiscalía General de la Nación en la audiencia de formulación de imputación del delito de homicidio derivado de accidente de tránsito, para diferenciar en debida forma cuando la conducta es cometida bajo la modalidad de dolo eventual o culpa con representación. Lo anterior dada la necesidad de evitar la trasgresión a los principios legales y derechos fundamentales de los cuales goza el procesado. Empleando una metodología de carácter sintético-descriptivo, fueron estudiadas diversas sentencias emitidas por Tribunales de la Jurisdicción Ordinaria, y de las cuales fue posible apreciar la dificultad que yace a la hora de diferenciar entre ambas modalidades de la conducta punible. El resultado al que se arribó, apunta al abandono de todo tipo de distinción entre las dos figuras; concluyendo que el curso de acción más respetuoso del principio de tipicidad, seguridad jurídica e indubio pro reo en la formulación de la imputación, será aquel que se incline por la calificación del tipo penal menos gravoso.This research paper set out to answer specifically, what kind of parameters could be taken into account by the Attorney General's Office at the hearing formulation complaint of homicide resulting from accident, to differentiate in due form when the conduct is committed in the form of eventual fraud or negligence represented. This given the need to avoid transgressing the legal principles and fundamental rights which enjoys processing. By employing a methodology synthetic-descriptive, were studied several judgments issued by courts of ordinary jurisdiction and which was possible to appreciate the difficulty that lies in differentiating between the two forms of the criminal offense. The result that was reached, pointing to the abandonment of any kind of distinction between the two figures; concluding that the course of action respects the principle of criminality, legal certainty and doubt, the defendant in the wording of the complaint, will be one that is inclined to the rating of less onerous offense

The Junior-Senior Banquet

The Junior-Senior banquet offers each year to some new group opportunity to display its skill as being hosts and hostesses

KAJIAN TEOLOGIS TERHADAP HUKUM ADAT DELIK NEDOSA (PERKARA SUMBANG-PERKAWINAN DENGAN SAUDARA DEKAT) DI KEPULAUAN SANGIHE TALAUD

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui arti Delik Nedosa (perkara sumbang), pandangan Alkitab tentang Delik Nedosa, perkawinan yang dilarang Tuhan. Hal ini dianalisis secara hermeneutik. Hal yang hendak dicapai adalah apakah hukum adat Delik Nedosa benar atau salah dikaji dari sudut pandang teologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan. Dalam hal ini, peneliti memfokuskan penelitian pada pengkajian literatur. Tetapi penulis juga melakukan wawancara kepada salah seorang tua-tua kampung dan juga salah seorang tua-tua adat Kepulauan Sangihe Talaud. Dikaji dari sudut pandang teologi tentang Delik Nedosa, ada bagian yang sependapat, ada yang tidak sependapat. Alkitab setuju bahwa tidak boleh saudara kandung (kakak beradik sungguh) atau yang disebut inses melakukan perkawinan. Tetapi Alkitab tidak setujuh bahwa saudara sepupu, cucu bersaudara, cece bersaudara, sampai keturunan ke 7, dan sama vam (marga) tidak boleh melakukan perkawinan, karena di Alkitab dengan jelas menunjukan itu diperbolehkan. Ishak dan Yakub buktinya di Alkitab bahwa Allah tidak melarang perkawinan dengan saudara dekat, justru Allah yang memberi perintah mencarikan isteri bagi Ishak dari sanak saudara – kalangan keluarga sendiri dan Allah memberkati perkawinan itu. Ishak kawin dengan keponakannya sendiri (masih satu vam/marga), Yakub kawin dengan saudara sepupunya sendiri (masih satu vam/marga). Perkawinan yang dilarang Allah sebenarnya jelas tertulis dalam Alkitab yaitu Inses, Perkawinan Sesama Jenis, Perkawinan dengan Binatan

``Weighing'' a closed system and the time-energy uncertainty principle

A gedanken-experiment is proposed for `weighing'' the total mass of a closed system from within the system. We prove that for an internal observer the time $\tau$, required to measure the total energy with accuracy $\Delta E$, is bounded according to $\tau \Delta E >\hbar$. This time-energy uncertainty principle for a closed system follows from the measurement back-reaction on the system. We generally examine what other conserved observables are in principle measurable within a closed system and what are the corresponding uncertainty relations.Comment: 8 page