Gradients of galactic cosmic rays and anomalous components

Measurements of radial and latitudinal gradients of galactic cosmic rays and anomalous components now cover radii from 0.3 to 40 AU from the sun and latitudes up to 30 deg above the ecliptic plane for particle energies from approx. 10 MeV/n up to relativistic energies. The most accurate measurements cover the period 1972 through 1987, which includes more than one full 11 year cycle of solar activity. Radial gradients for glactic cosmic rays of all energies and species are small (similar to less than 10 percent AU), and variable in time, reaching a minimum of near 0 percent AU out to 30 AU for some species at solar maximum. Gradients for anomalous components are larger, of order 15 percent AU, may show similar time variability, and are relatively independent of particle species and energy. For the period 1985 through 1986 the intensity decreased away from the ecliptic for all species and energies. For galactic cosmic rays, the measured gradients are approx. 0.5 percent/degree near 20 AU, while for anomalous components the gradients are larger, ranging from 3 to 6 percent/degree. Comparison with a similar measurement for anomalous helium in 1975 through 1976 suggests that the latitude gradients for anomalous components have changed sign between 1975 and 1985. For galactic cosmic rays, the available evidence suggests no change in sign of the latitudinal gradient for relativistic particles

A Content Analysis of Counseling Organizations’ Social Media Usage

Social media is a rapidly growing online platform for professional counselors and counseling organizations to communicate with the public, but little is known how counseling organizations utilize social media. The authors content analyzed posts from nine ACA divisions’ Facebook pages to explore how professional counseling organizations utilize social media to engage with online followers. Sharing links to external websites was the most frequently occurring post, but such postings were less likely to engage followers than sharing a post, photo, or events from within Facebook or uploading a photo directly. Recommendations for counseling organizations to engage in effective social media practices are presented

Grounded Theory Investigation into Depression during the Freshman Year of College

Purpose: In a national study of college students during the fall of 2017, a total of 31,463 students reported feeling hopeless (51.7%), being overwhelmed (86.5%), feeling so depressed it was difficult to function (39.3%), and seriously considered suicide (12.1%) (American College Health Association, 2017). These statistics represent a major concern regarding health care practice because it is a severe mental health crisis that can disrupt students’ daily lives. The purpose of this research is to amplify awareness of freshman student depression to gain knowledge about the mental health of college students using grounded theory methodology. Theoretical/conceptual framework: Attending college for the first time can be a life changing event for many students. Depression, whether formally diagnosed or self-identified, is an increasingly significant problem in emerging adults. Method: Grounded theory methodology will be used to examine the experience of depression during the freshmen year of college. Purposive sampling will be used to recruit sophomore students who identify as having had depression during their freshman year. Recruitment will continue until data saturation occurs. Following informed consent, interviews will begin with one open-ended question of “What was the experience of your freshman year in college?” Interviews will be recorded, transcribed, and constantly compared for emerging themes throughout the data collection process. Data will be analyzed using NVivo software. Results/conclusions: Results will describe the initial categories associated with depression in this population. These preliminary categories will help provide a more in depth understanding of the experience of depression

Predicting Bankruptcy and Catastrophic Loss: A Portfolio Approach

This paper uses logistic regression to assign risk of catastrophic loss (defined as a loss of 80% or more of market cap value) to companies, and analyzes the subsequent returns of high risk and low risk portfolios. In the final model, the low risk portfolio had a three-year mean return of approximately 47%, with a catastrophic loss rate of 1.1%. The high-risk portfolio had a three-year mean return of approximately .5%, with a catastrophic loss rate of 29%. The paper expands upon a model developed by Dr. Abhay Gaur and Dr. Leo Rebholz in Rebholz’s 2002 thesis, Bankruptcy as Cusp Catastrophe. This paper first validates the model, introduces a new variable, which examines financial momentum, and transforms the bankruptcy variable to catastrophic loss. The success of the model was viewed through a comparative approach of high and low risk portfolios

Neural Stem Cell Metabolic Changes in the Presence of Interferon-gamma

Spinal cord injury results in significant disability and health care costs due to an inability of the mature central nervous system to regenerate. One potential therapy would be implantation of neural stem cells to the injury site and stimulation of their differentiation to mature neurons. Previous work has shown that the cytokine interferon-gamma can promote this process; however, the signaling pathways induced in neural stem cells have not been well-defined. This proposal examines neural stem cell metabolic responses to signaling induced by interferon-gamma. Two questions will be answered: i) What specific metabolic pathway is activated to guide neural stem cell differentiation? and ii) Is oxidative phosphorylation used as a primary source for ATP generation after being exposed to interferon-gamma? Neural stem cells will be exposed to hydrogel immobilized or soluble interferon-gamma. Metabolites will be extracted and measured with global untargeted metabolomics by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Once these questions are answered, then therapeutic pathways can be activated to stimulate repair of damaged spinal cord tissues by stem cells. At the completion of this project, I will have so much knowledge about different laboratory techniques that I will use to further my education in graduate school