Nivel de conocimiento de las gestantes y puérperas que participaron del consultorio de lactancia materna del Hospital Marino Molina, Comas 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento de las gestantes y puérperas que participaron del consultorio de lactancia materna del Hospital Marino Molina, Comas 2021. La metodología fue básica descriptivo, no experimental, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Por otro lado, contó con una población de 60 gestantes y puérperas, el tamaño muestral fue el mismo universo muestral, en quienes se aplicó una encuesta y cuestionario que fue validado por jueces de expertos obteniendo un 100% para su aplicación, siendo Muy Aceptable, el análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS-25. En relación al nivel de conocimientos, las gestantes y puérperas que pertenecieron al consultorio de lactancia materna obtuvieron un 83.3% en grado de conocimiento alto, medio en un 15.0%, y bajo en un 1.7%. Asimismo, referente a sus características sociodemográficas, un 44% tiene un grado de instrucción en nivel secundario, un 53% en estado civil casada y referente a la ocupación un 48% actualmente es ama de casa. En conclusión, el nivel de conocimiento de las gestantes y puérperas que pertenecieron al consultorio de lactancia materna fue alto, asegurando su duración y beneficios para el binomio madre e hijo.The objective of the research was to determine the level of knowledge of pregnant and postpartum women who participated in the breastfeeding clinic at Hospital Marino Molina, Comas 2021. The methodology was basic, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional. On the other hand, it had a population of 60 pregnant and postpartum women, the sample size was the sample universe, in whom a survey and questionnaire was applied that was validated by expert judges obtaining 100% for its application, being Very Acceptable, the Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS-25 program. Regarding the level of knowledge, the pregnant and postpartum women who belonged to the breastfeeding clinic obtained 83.3% in the degree of knowledge High, Medium in 15.0%, and Low in 1.7%. Also, regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, 44% have a secondary level education degree, 53% are married in marital status and 48% are currently a housewife with regard to occupation. In conclusion, the level of knowledge of the pregnant and postpartum women who belonged to the breastfeeding clinic was high, ensuring its duration and benefits for the mother and child binomial

ECOSISTEMA GRÁFICOS. Un paso más desde el grabado no tóxico para la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

[ES] El Grabado como método gráfico no es sólo un conjunto de técnicas, sino que tiene la envergadura de un SISTEMA, con todo lo que ello supone. Y como sistema, la educación de estas materias se vincula directamente con el cumplimiento de los ODSs 2030, focalizando los distintos objetivos que nos planteamos desde una perspectiva de ECOSISTEMA: una forma más de práctica artística, acudiendo a su facilidad de reproducción múltiple como una cuestión de acercamiento social y por la constante experimentación sobre las técnicas clásicas y las de nueva aparición.La trasmisión de nuestros planteamientos gráficos está inmersa de la conciencia pública sobre la importancia de la conservación del planeta y de la sostenibilidad, motivando así la práctica artística en el contexto de toma de conciencia del impacto ecológico de la actividad humana. Todos estamos interpelados a actuar desde la nueva cultura de la sostenibilidad que lo impregna todo y es decisiva.En aulas de experimentación, con el equipo y los alumnos de los talleres de la UPV, hemos desarrollado parte de nuestros proyectos BOSQUEARTE y MONTA TUS OBJETIVOS, para sensibilizar, a través de talleres y/o acciones artísticas, sobre la necesidad de comprometernos con preservar el entorno y los recursos naturales.[EN] Etching as a graphic method is not only a ser of thecniques, it also has the scope of a SYSTEM with all that this implies. And as a system, the education of these subjects is directly linked to the fulfillment of the SDG’s 2030, by focusing on the various objectives that are set from an ECOSYSTEM perspective: A form of art practice resorting to its ease of multiple reproduction as a matter of social approach and by constant experimentation on classical and new techniques. The transmission of our graphic approaches is immersed in public awareness of the importance of planet conservation and sustainability, thus motivating artistic practice in the context of becoming aware of the ecological impact of human activity. We are all called upon to act from the new culture of sustainability that permeates everything and is decisive. In experimentation classrooms, the joint of our team and out students at the UPV, has eased the path to develop our projects BOSQUEARTE and MONTA TUS OBJETIVOS, in order to raise awareness, throughout the workshops and art happenings that surrounds them, with the need to commit ourselved to preserving the environment and natural resources.Tomás-Miralles, A.; Ansio-Martinez, T.; Aguilar-Briceño, RJ. (2021). ECOSISTEMA GRÁFICOS. Un paso más desde el grabado no tóxico para la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 774-787. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2020.2020.12014OCS77478

Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Proceratophrys moratoi (Jim and Caramaschi, 1980): distribution extension and new altitudinal record in state of São Paulo, Brazil

Here we present a new record of the little toad Proceratophrys moratoi for the state of São Paulo, in the municipality of Bauru. This record extends to the known distribution of P. moratoi around 80 km northwestern from its type locality and around 115 km west from other known populations of this species. It also corresponds to the lowest elevation where the species has been found, approximately 200 m altitude below the known records

Structural basis of GC-1 selectivity for thyroid hormone receptor isoforms

Background: Thyroid receptors, TRα and TRβ, are involved in important physiological functions such as metabolism, cholesterol level and heart activities. Whereas metabolism increase and cholesterol level lowering could be achieved by TRβ isoform activation, TRα activation affects heart rates. Therefore, β-selective thyromimetics have been developed as promising drug-candidates for treatment of obesity and elevated cholesterol level. GC-1 [3,5-dimethyl-4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-isopropylbenzyl)-phenoxy acetic acid] has ability to lower LDL cholesterol with 600- to 1400-fold more potency and approximately two- to threefold more efficacy than atorvastatin (Lipitor©) in studies in rats, mice and monkeys. Results: To investigate GC-1 specificity, we solved crystal structures and performed molecular dynamics simulations of both isoforms complexed with GC-1. Crystal structures reveal that, in TRα Arg228 is observed in multiple conformations, an effect triggered by the differences in the interactions between GC-1 and Ser277 or the corresponding asparagine (Asn331) of TRβ. The corresponding Arg282 of TRβ is observed in only one single stable conformation, interacting effectively with the ligand. Molecular dynamics support this model: our simulations show that the multiple conformations can be observed for the Arg228 in TRα, in which the ligand interacts either strongly with the ligand or with the Ser277 residue. In contrast, a single stable Arg282 conformation is observed for TRβ, in which it strongly interacts with both GC-1 and the Asn331. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that the key factors for GC-1 selectivity are the presence of an oxyacetic acid ester oxygen and the absence of the amino group relative to T3. These results shed light into the β-selectivity of GC-1 and may assist the development of new compounds with potential as drug candidates to the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and obesity

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks