Oxidative stress physiology in Scylla serrata for environmental health assessment

The oxidative stress (OS) condition and antioxidant level as a function of pH, few major elements, temperature, turbidity, organic carbon, sediment, and water salinity are vital to understanding the redox homeostasis of inhabiting animals. These parameters are also used to monitor environmental health. A spatiotemporal redox antioxidant system, followed by discriminant function analysis about the aforementioned abiotic factors, was investigated in the muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, sampled from the Indian coastal belt along the Bay of Bengal (Tamil Nadu and Odisha) and the Arabian Sea (Gujarat) as a measure of environmental health assessment. Results revealed that the redox homeostasis of mud crabs significantly varied with seasonal fluctuations of abiotic factors and sediment chemistry. The level of superoxide dismutase and the non-protein-SH group were negatively correlated, whereas other antioxidant molecules with lipid peroxidation levels were positively correlated with abiotic factors. Only the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were strongly correlated with all the abiotic factors. The hepatopancreas was found to be the most susceptible organ to OS. The lipid peroxidation level was 20–25 times higher in hepatopancreatic tissue than that in other tissues. The antioxidant level was elevated to 200% during the summer compared to the rainy season. Thus, the results of redox homeostasis in S. serrata may be useful for monitoring the ecotoxic effects of estuarine and marine environments and managing the inhabiting species

A view of Homoeopathy on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Sports Injuries

Musculoskeletal disorders and treatment focus on various aspects of Repetitive Motion Injuries, Repetitive Strain Injuries, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Occupational Cervico-brachial Disorders, Overuse Syndrome, Regional Musculoskeletal Disorders, Soft Tissue Disorders, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Musculoskeletal Disorders. It can be seen in the elderly, arthritis, drug interaction checker, fibromyalgia, living healthy, lupus osteoarthritis, pill identifier, rheumatoid arthritis, sports injuries, etc. Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common problems in sport injuries resulting loss of mobility and physical independence. Homoeopathic treatment schedule considers disease as a dynamic unit and the derangement of the whole man, expressed through the particular organs of the body, i.e. the ‘whole man’ is primarily diseased and individual organs/parts are only secondarily affected. It distinguishes each entity suffering from various or same diseases as different from others, because individuals are inimitable by virtue of their particular and peculiar mental and physical states, and characteristics. Concisely, it lays emphasis on, the ‘person diagnosis’, instead of the ‘disease diagnosis’. Therefore,” every diseases has a cure” is the believe of homoeopathy. Under this flow of homeopathy principle, the aim of this article is to present some of the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders in sports Injuries and their homoeopathic treatment schedule .Sports is an essential part of each nation. There are many ways to classify sports injuries based on the time taken for the tissues to become injured, tissue type affected, severity of the injury, and type of the injury occurred in the individual. Therefore, different homeopathic treatments are required to tackle different category of injury especially the outcomes of sport activities. Keywords: Acute injuries, homoeopathy, overuse injuries, prevention, sports injuries, treatment

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Seasonal Variation of Water Quality Modulated Redox Regulatory System in the Apple Snail <i>Pila globosa</i> and Its Use as a Bioindicator Species in Freshwater Ecosystems across India

Studies on oxidative stress physiology on molluscs to monitor the aquatic environment, influenced by pollutants and stressors are very limited in general and in Indian apple snails, P. globosa in particular. The main focus of the present study was to establish the baseline data on a redox regulatory system in P. globosa sampled across the Indian subcontinent. Snails were sampled from different zones of India in three seasons (rainy, summer and winter) and the redox regulatory system (levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and small redox regulatory molecules) and oxidative stress indicator (lipid peroxidation) were analyzed. The observed elevated lipid peroxidation level in the summer season accompanied with elevated pH, salinity and temperature indicates induction of stress. In the summer season, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes were augmented, whereas the level of the free -SH group and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were found to be increased. Similarly, correlation analysis between the antioxidant system and aquatic parameters revealed that SOD, CAT and GR were influenced by pH as well as salinity, whereas CAT was strongly correlated with temperature. Collectively, our data indicate the use of P. globosa as a model organism to monitor and access the freshwater environment by determining the redox regulatory status of this animal

Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress Responses in Different Phyla of Animals in Coastal Water via Changing in Salinity

Salinity is a decisive abiotic factor that modulates the physiology of aquatic organisms. Salinity itself is modulated by various factors&mdash;most notably by anthropogenic factors. In coastal regions, increasing salinity is observed mostly due to the elevated rate of evaporation under high temperatures, especially under global warming. In addition, many other anthropogenic factors, climatic factors, chemicals, etc., also contribute to the changes in salinity in coastal water. Some of these include rainfall, regional warming, precipitation, moisture, thermohaline circulation, gaseous pollutants, dissolved chemicals, wind flow, and biocrusts. Salinity has been found to regulate the osmotic balance and, thus, can directly or indirectly influence the biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) in aquatic organisms. Imbalances in OS potentially affect the growth, production, and reproduction of organisms; therefore, they are being studied in organisms of economic or aquacultural importance. Salinity-modulated OS and redox regulation as a function of phylum are covered in this review. The literature from 1960 to 2021 indicates that the altered OS physiology under changing salinity or in combination with other (anthropogenic) factors is species-specific, even within a particular phylum. Thus, knowing the response mechanisms of such organisms to salinity may be useful for the management of specific aquatic animals or their habitats

Time-Frequency Data Reduction for Event Related Potentials: Combining Principal Component Analysis and Matching Pursuit

Joint time-frequency representations offer a rich representation of event related potentials (ERPs) that cannot be obtained through individual time or frequency domain analysis. This representation, however, comes at the expense of increased data volume and the difficulty of interpreting the resulting representations. Therefore, methods that can reduce the large amount of time-frequency data to experimentally relevant components are essential. In this paper, we present a method that reduces the large volume of ERP time-frequency data into a few significant time-frequency parameters. The proposed method is based on applying the widely used matching pursuit (MP) approach, with a Gabor dictionary, to principal components extracted from the time-frequency domain. The proposed PCA-Gabor decomposition is compared with other time-frequency data reduction methods such as the time-frequency PCA approach alone and standard matching pursuit methods using a Gabor dictionary for both simulated and biological data. The results show that the proposed PCA-Gabor approach performs better than either the PCA alone or the standard MP data reduction methods, by using the smallest amount of ERP data variance to produce the strongest statistical separation between experimental conditions

Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years