Caracterización microbiológica del material particulado como factor de riesgo sobre la salud en la localidad de Puente Aranda, Bogotá D.C. Colombia

Durante los últimos años, la alta prevalencia de Infección Respiratoria Aguda(I.R.A.) en los menores de 14 años que viven en la localidad de Puente Aranda de laciudad de Bogotá D.C. ha sido relacionada mediante estudios epidemiológicos con lasaltas concentraciones de PM10 presentes en la misma, que superan o se acercan a lanorma de calidad de aire establecida por el Departamento Técnico Administrativo delMedio Ambiente (DAMA). Es por ello que se realizó una caracterizaciónmicrobiológica del material particulado en la localidad, empleando el método succiónpara la recolección de las muestras bacteriológicas, en donde la utilización del equipoMerck Air Sampler (MAS-100), brindó confiabilidad en cuanto a la toma de muestrasen el área de estudio. Se identificaron dentro del material particulado, los posiblespatógenos oportunistas que viajan en la corriente de aire, los cuales aprovechando losefectos de irritación y laceración de los epitelios causados por las partículas, sumados ala colmatación de la red de cilios que protegen el sistema respiratorio, brindancondiciones apropiadas para que el microorganismo que llega, pueda tener una mayorprobabilidad de generar algún problema respiratorio, siempre teniendo en cuenta quela salud del huésped será uno de los factores condicionantes para la ocurrencia o no dela infección

Análisis espacial de las concentraciones de PM2,5 en Bogotá según los valores de las guías de la calidad del aire de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para enfermedades cardiopulmonares, 2014-2015

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that 3 million deaths per year caused by cardiopulmonary diseases are related to exposure to air pollution. Objective: To estimate areas of concentration of PM2.5 in Bogotá according to the WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) for cardiopulmonary diseases during the period 2014-2015.Materials and methods: We conducted an ecological study with geostatistical techniques. We calculated the PM2.5 averages for six hour-periods distributed throughout the day in four time slots, which were classified according to daily and annual WHO AQG.Results: The locality of Kennedy presented the highest concentrations of PM2.5 in all time slots. The values registered in this area classified within the daily and annual AQG showed that the locality would present an increase of 1.2% and 9% in cardiopulmonary mortality in the short and long term, respectively.Conclusion: The time slots from 0:00 to 6:00 h y from 12:00 to 18:00 h met the annual AQG value of 10 μg/m3 in a part of the eastern zone of the city; in the rest of the city, in these same time slots, intermediate objectives 2 and 3 were met, which means increases by 9% and 3% in the cardiopulmonary mortality according to the AQG, respectively.Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud señala que tres millones de muertes al año por enfermedades cardiopulmonares están relacionadas con la exposición a la contaminación del aire.Objetivo. Estimar las superficies de concentración de partículas en suspensión de menos de 2,5 μm (Particulate Matter, PM2,5) en Bogotá entre el 2014 y el 2015, clasificándolas según las guías de calidad del aire de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para enfermedades cardiopulmonares.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio ecológico mediante técnicas geoestadísticas. Se calcularon los promedios de PM2,5 en lapsos de seis horas a lo largo del día en cuatro franjas horarias. Las concentraciones se clasificaron según los valores diarios y anuales de las guías de calidad del aire de la OMS.Resultados. La localidad de Kennedy presentó las mayores concentraciones de PM2,5 en todas las franjas horarias. Los valores registrados en esta zona y clasificados según las guías diarias y anuales de calidad del aire, evidenciaron que la localidad presentaría un incremento de 1,2 % en la mortalidad cardiopulmonar en el corto plazo y de 9 % en el largo plazo. Conclusión. Las franjas horarias de las 0:00 a las 6:00 h y de las 12:00 a las 18:00 h, cumplieron con el valor anual de las guías de calidad del aire de 10 μg/m3 en una parte de la zona oriental de la ciudad. En el resto de la ciudad, en las franjas horarias de las 6:00 h a las 12:00 h y de las 18:00 h a las 24:00 h se registraron valores que cumplían los objetivos intermedios 2 y 3, lo que representa incrementos de 9 y 3 % en la mortalidad cardiopulmonar, respectivamente

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Search for an L-mu - L-tau gauge boson using Z -> 4 mu events in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for a narrow Z' gauge boson with a mass between 5 and 70 GeV resulting from an L-mu - L-tau U (1) local gauge symmetry is reported. Theories that predict such a particle have been proposed as an explanation of various experimental discrepancies, including the lack of a dark matter signal in direct-detection experiments, tension in the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and reports of possible lepton flavor universality violation in B meson decays. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.3 fb(-1) recorded in 2016 and 2017 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Events containing four muons with an invariant mass near the standard model Z boson mass are analyzed, and the selection is further optimized to be sensitive to the events that may contain Z -> Z'mu mu -> 4 mu decays. The event yields are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits of 10(-8)-10(-7) at 95% confidence level are set on the product of branching fractions B(Z -> Z'mu mu)B(Z' -> mu mu), depending on the Z' mass, which excludes a Z' boson coupling strength to muons above 0.004-0.3. These are the first dedicated limits on L-mu - L-tau models at the LHC and result in a significant increase in the excluded model parameter space. The results of this search may also be used to constrain the coupling strength of any light Z' gauge boson to muons. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe