The Many Virtues of Second Nature : Habitus in Latin Medieval Philosophy

This chapter consists of a systematic introduction to the nature and function of habitus in Latin medieval philosophy. Over the course of this introduction, several topics are treated: the theoretical necessity to posit habitus; their nature; their causal contribution to the production of internal and external acts; how and why habitus can grow and decay; what makes their unity when they can have multiple objects and work in clusters. Finally we examine two specific questions: why intellectual habitus represent a special case that triggered considerable debate; how human beings can be said to be free if their actions are determined by moral habitus

Development of the electric bus public transport in Poland

W artykule postawiono tezę, że stoimy w przededniu rewolucji w transporcie kołowym, polegającej na konwersji transportu opartego na silnikach spalinowych na transport oparty na silnikach elektrycznych. Przedstawiono wpływ rozwoju transportu publicznego opartego o napęd elektryczny na środowisko miast, dynamikę zakupów autobusów elektrycznych w Polsce w ostatnich latach oraz ekonomiczne i eksploatacyjne aspekty użytkowania autobusów elektrycznych w polskich miastach.Article argues that we are the day before revolution in transport, involving the conversion of transport based on combustion engines for vehicles based on electric motors. Shows the impact of the development of public transport based on electric drive on the environment of cities, the dynamics of purchasing electric buses in Poland in recent years and the economic and exploitation aspects of the use of electric buses in the Polish cities