Re-imagining the Iron Triangle: Embedding Sustainability into Project Constraints

Since the emergence of the formal discipline of project management, academics and practitioners have sought to define criteria against which project success can be measured. Perhaps the most well known criteria are encapsulated in the ‘Iron Triangle’ that places Cost Time and Quality at the center of project success. However it has been suggested that whilst this triple constraint is important, it can also narrow the focus away from other crucial project success factors. One area that is gaining prominence within the field of project management is the consideration of sustainability principles and there is an increasing understanding of the need to develop methods, tools and techniques to integrate sustainability criteria into the management of projects. This paper presents the results of an empirical study in which project managers were asked to re-draw the traditional Iron Triangle with the inclusion of sustainability. The results of the study indicate that whist sustainability is seen by practitioners as a key factor to be included in project planning and implementation, there is disagreement as to where the issue sits in relation to traditional time, cost, quality constraints and how sustainability principles should be integrated into projects

Later Medieval Metaphysics: Ontology, Language, & Logic, edited by Charles Bolyard & Rondo Keele.

This volume contains ten essays dealing with various aspects of medieval philosophy from the 13th and 14th centuries. It is dedicated to Paul Spade, professor emeritus of the University of Indiana, who richly deserves to be honoured for his long and faithful devotion to Dame Philosophia Mediævalis, but none of the articles takes its point of departure from one of his works

The Long Dolmen at Grøfte, South-West Zealand

The Long Dolmen at Grøfte, South-West Zealan

Influence of Deae-Dextran, Polybrene, Dextran and Dextran Sulphate on Spontaneous Leukaemia Development in AKR Mice and Virus Induced Leukaemia in BALB/c Mice

AKR mice of which more than 90% die of lymphatic thymus leukaemia, had their mean survival time increased by weekly intraperitoneal inoculation of either of the two polycations DEAE-dextran and polybrene. Administration of the neutral dextran had no effect, whereas the polyanion dextran sulphate accelerated leukaemia development

SPONTANEOUS AMYLOIDOSIS IN DIFFERENTLY GROUPED AND TREATED DBA/2, BALB/c, AND CBA MICE AND THYMUS FIBROSIS IN ESTROGEN-TREATED BALB/c MALES

Sex-segregated grouping of DBA/2, BALB/c, and CBA males caused rapid amyloid development and early death as compared with segregated grouped females or with males living individually in cages with several females. Grouping of several males in a cage with females also caused early death in amyloidosis indicating that the exposure of males to males and not the sexual isolation was important for the amyloid development. Both reserpine treatment and castration prolonged the survival time of sex-segregated grouped males. Estrogen treatment retarded amyloid development in sex-segregated males while spayed and androgen-treated spayed females showed only small amounts of amyloid. Treatment with chlortetracycline did not prevent amyloid development in grouped males. Thymectomy of sex-segregated males at 1 month of age gave inconclusive evidence of a prolongation of survival time. Egg-transferred DBA/2 mice reacted as conventional DBA/2 mice when grouped by sex segregation. Cells with abundant PAS-positive cytoplasm were found in the spleen, liver, and ovaries of mice of all strains but most prominently in CBA mice. Evidence for a direct conversion of these cells to amyloid was found. Estrogen-treated BALB/c males developed testicular tumors and thymus alterations including necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes, depletion of PAS cells, formation of large cysts containing necrotic nuclei, and intralobular fibrosis