The Fiscal Revolution and Taxation: The Rise of Compensatory Taxation, 1929-1938

Thorndike explores the Keynesian conversion of Treasury Department tax-policy experts during the 1930s. At the beginning of the Great Depression, he narrates that there was no political interest in using tax cuts to promote economic recovery. In fact, in 1932 Congress responded to the economic emergency by enacting a tax increase in the name of fiscal responsibility. By 1937, however, Treasury experts had become persuaded of the merits of countercyclical taxation. Ironically, the first legislative experiment in Keynesian taxation took the form of a tax increase--the short-lived 1937 tax on undistributed corporate profits, intended to stimulate the economy by discouraging corporations from hoarding cash. He explains the use of income tax cuts as weapons in the countercyclical arsenal requires the existence of a tax imposed on the bulk of the population, and the income tax did not become a mass tax until World War II

Remote sensing of floe size distribution and surface topography

Floe size can be measured by several properties p- for instance, area or mean caliper diameter. Two definitions of floe size distribution seem particularly useful. F(p), the fraction of area covered by floes no smaller than p; and N(p), the number of floes per unit area no smaller than p. Several summertime distributions measured are a graph, their slopes range from -1.7 to -2.5. The variance of an estimate is also calculated

Structure in the Epislon Eridani dusty disk caused by mean motion resonances with a 0.3 eccentricity planet at periastron

The morphology of the epsilon Eridani dust ring is reproduced by a numerical simulation of dust particles captured into the 5:3 and 3:2 exterior mean-motion resonances with a 0.3 eccentricity 10^-4 solar mass planet at periastron at a semi-major axis of 40 AU. The morphology will differ when the planet is at aphelion, in about 140 years. Moderate eccentricity planets in outer extra-solar systems will cause observable variations in the morphology of associated dusty rings.Comment: accepted to ApJ

The APA at 100

This essay is adapted from a presentation at 50th anniversary of the Adirondack Park virtual symposium, sponsored by the Adirondack Museum/Experience in June 2021