»I can"t have your pains« First Person Statements and the Ambiguity of Meaning

In PI 246 Wittgenstein remarks: »In what sense are my sensations private?« This question is embedded in a broader context that deals with the possibility of a private language (cf. PI 243-315). Sensations can thereby be considered with respect to an epistemic as well as a possessive kind of privacy. In PI 246 Wittgenstein refers to statements of the form »Only I can know that I am pain whereas others can only surmise it«. He then argues that such expressions are in one sense false and in another nonsense. Although this remark refers to the epistemic aspect of privacy I shall argue that this semantic differentiation also holds for sentences stating the ownership of sensations

A sharp interface approach for compressible multiphase flow

The numerical simulation of compressible multiphase flow is a difficult task due to the close connection of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics. Our approach is based on a sharp interface treatment. The two phases are coupled by a ghost fluid method to avoid a mixing of the phases. To obtain information about the location of the interface a level-set equation is used. The bulk flows are approximated by a spectral element discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the Navier-Stokes equations that supports a general equation of state. To define values in the ghost cells we solve the multi-phase Riemann problem to determine the phase front velocity and to get the values at the phase interface from both sides. We focus in the solution of the multi-phase Riemann problem itself. We present a first step in a comparison of the Riemann problem solution for the Euler equations with a microscopic solution based on molecular dynamics (MD) solution. The MD simulations are based on the Lennard-Jones model fluid with truncated and shifted potential, for which a highly accurate equation of state is available. This allows a clear connection of both simulations. However, the quite different time and space scales have to be bridged. We can show a perfect coincidence of these solutions for Riemann problems in the supercritical regime without occurring phase transitions. The other class of problems, addressed in the talk, describe expansion waves into vacuum, which allows simpler microscopic simulations. The MD simulation shows a clustering of molecules that is interpreted as a starting of droplet formation initiated by the strong pressure drop. We also show finite volume simulations for this case. The other topic in the talk is the consideration of heat conduction that is important at phase transitions to balance the latent heat. Here, we propose a novel calculation of the numerical flux based on the generalized Riemann problem for advection diffusion problems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Estadística e Investigación Operativa y Matemática Aplicada de la Universidad de Málaga. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada de la Universidad de Málaga. Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universidad de Málaga. ICIAM2019 Sociedad Española de Matemática Aplicada ModCompShoc

Some Further Remarks on the "I�

In Wittgenstein"s discussion of first person psychological\ud statements, we find a number of remarks that point to a\ud semantic difficulty in the use of such ascriptions. The\ud meaning ambiguity is due to the fact that one and the\ud same proposition can both be used to state a matter of fact\ud and a metaphysical assumption. Hence a sentence such\ud as, e.g., "Only my pain is real pain� might mean that all\ud others except me are only pretending. In a solipsistic\ud context, however, the claim is supposed to express that\ud nobody except me can be in pain

Challenges and opportunities of international migration for the EU, its member states, neighboring countries, and regions : a Policy Note

The note aims at identifying key challenges and opportunities, including win-win solutions that would allow sending and receiving countries in and around Europe to benefit most from geographic mobility of people. The note (i) highlights demographic, economic and political gaps explaining international migration; (ii) explores the main options for the EU member states and reviews the experiences of traditional countries of immigration; (iii) investigates the implications of a pro-active recruitment approach, including the impacts on both sending and receiving countries; and (iv) sketches the institutional requirements and necessary changes to move toward win-win solutions, identifying areas of potential cooperation between sending and receiving countries. The paper concludes with a short summary and an outlook on open data and research questions.International Migration,Human Migrations&Resettlements,National Governance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

Should Local Public Employment Services be Merged with the Local Social Benefit Administrations?

The German Federal government has allowed some regions (Approved Local Providers) to be solely responsible for the care of long-term unemployed. The remaining regions had to form Joint Local Agencies, where the local social benefit administrations work together with the local public employment services. We find that despite positive self-selection Approved Local Providers do not perform better than Joint Local Agencies. Even more interestingly, using a unique data set on organisational characteristics we are able to show that the organisational features implemented primarily by Approved Local Providers are positively correlated with the job finding probability of the long-term unemployed. Thus, regions that self-selected into Approved Local Providers seem to have implemented a better organisational structure. However, their relatively poor performance overall compared to Joint Local Agencies suggests that they underestimated the benefits of having the local public employment service merged with the local social benefit administration.organisation, labour market integration, evaluation

The application of stimulus response techniques to the modelling of high intensity spray combustion chambers

Imperial Users onl

Infiltration of basinal fluids into high-grade basement, South Norway: sources and behaviour of waters and brines

Quartz veins hosted by the high-grade crystalline rocks of the Modum complex, Southern Norway, formed when basinal fluids from an overlying Palaeozoic foreland basin infiltrated the basement at temperatures of c.220degreesC (higher in the southernmost part of the area). This infiltration resulted in the formation of veins containing both two-phase and halite-bearing aqueous fluid inclusions, sometimes with bitumen and hydrocarbon inclusions. Microthermometric results demonstrate a very wide range of salinities of aqueous fluids preserved in these veins, ranging from c. 0 to 40 wt% NaCl equivalent. The range in homogenization temperatures is also very large (99-322degreesC for the entire dataset) and shows little or no correlation with salinity. A combination of aqueous fluid microthermometry, halogen geochemistry and oxygen isotope studies suggest that fluids from a range of separate aquifers were responsible for the quartz growth, but all have chemistries comparable to sedimentary formation waters. The bulk of the quartz grew from relatively low delta(18)O fluids derived directly from the basin or equilibrated in the upper part of the basement (T< 200degreesC). Nevertheless, some fluids acquired higher salinities due to deep wall-rock hydration reactions leading to salt saturation at high temperatures (>300degreesC). The range in fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and densities, combined with estimates of the ambient temperature of the basement rocks suggests that at different times veins acted as conduits for influx of both hotter and colder fluids, as well as experiencing fluctuations in fluid pressure. This is interpreted to reflect episodic flow linked to seismicity, with hotter dry basement rocks acting as a sink for cooler fluids from the overlying basin, while detailed flow paths reflected local effects of opening and closing of individual fractures as well as reaction with wall rocks. Thermal considerations suggest that the duration of some flow events was very short, possibly in the order of days. As a result of the complex pattern of fracturing and flow in the Modum basement, it was possible for shallow fluids to penetrate basement rocks at significantly higher temperatures, and this demonstrates the potential for hydrolytic weakening of continental crust by sedimentary fluids

Interrelationship between atomic species, bias voltage, texture and microstructure of nano-scale multilayers

A matrix of binary and ternary nitrides containing lighter elements (Al, Ti, V and Cr) with atomic mass 89 has been formulated. These have been grown as nano-scale multilayer coatings (bilayer thickness approx. 3.0 nm) on stainless steel substrates using an industrial size multiple-target ABS coater. When lighter elements are incorporated into the multilayer at a lower bias voltage (U-B = -75 V) pronounced {111} or {110}, textures develop which are determined by the dominating species present. A {111} or {110} texture develops when TiAlN or VN and or CrN dominates the matrix, respectively. In contrast when a heavier element is incorporated a {100} texture is observed. Additionally, there is a strong indication that in the case when heavy elements (>89) are involved in the growth process, which evolves by continuous re-nucleation. Conversely, when only light elements (<52) are involved then the coating evolves by competitive growth. This observation is limited only for the lower bias voltage range of U-B -75 to -120 V However, as the bias voltage is increased (up to U-B = -150 V) the texture becomes increasingly sharp and in all cases a {111} texture develops. A lower residual compressive stress (typically -1.8 GPa) is observed when one of the bi-layers is dominated by a heavier element. The stress increases (up to -6.8 GPa) in these coatings when the bias voltage is increased to U-B = -150 V which is always systematically lower than in coatings containing only lighter elements which are typically up to -11.7 GPa at the same bias voltage. In parallel this results in an increase in plastic hardness (80 GPa) and in the sliding wear coefficient by an order of magnitude regardless of the type of lattice growth observed