АСПЕКТЫ НУТРИЦИОННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ В РАМКАХ ПРОГРАММЫ УСКОРЕННОГО ВЫЗДОРОВЛЕНИЯ ПРИ ПЛАНОВЫХ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ НА ТОЛСТОЙ КИШКЕ У ГЕРОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ

Goal: to develop and evaluate the efficiency of the tactics for peri-operative nutritional-metabolic therapy as a component of Fast Track programme (FTP) in elderly patients suffering from colon cancer and having planned surgery. Methods. Treatment outcomes were analyzed for 400 elderly patients with colon cancer divided into two groups: main group (prospective n = 170), who were treated complying with optimized FTP and nutritional-metabolic therapy and control group (retrospective, n = 230), who were managed in the traditional way. Peri-operative nutritional-metabolic therapy in the main group included detection of those initially suffering from protein-calorie deficiency basing on changes in body mass loss and body weight index, and provision of integral nutritional support for them. During pre-operative preparation period lasting from 10 to 14 days they were prescribed with residue-free diet additionally to which, depending on the volume of food consumed by sipping, they received liquid nutritional mixture (Impact® Oral, Nestle) with high protein (7.6 g per 100 ml) and calories (1.4 kcal in ml) content. Post-operative nutritional support included early (from the 1st day after the surgery) enteral feeding with use of standard multisubstrate nutritional mixtures with protein content of 40g/l (Isosource® Standard, Nestle) in order to prevent paresis of gastro-intestinal tract combined with early activation of patients. Results. Patients in the main group confidently earlier restored the protein pool and immune status, nasogastric tube was removed faster, the duration of stay in the intensive care department and hospital after the surgery was less, the severity of complications as per Clavien – Dindo classification was lower, and life quality and late treatment outcomes were better. Conclusions. Use of the offered tactics of peri-operative nutritional-metabolic therapy as a component of FTP allowed speeding up rehabilitation and enhancing surgical and oncological outcomes in the burdened elderly patients having planned surgery due to colon cancer. Цель: разработка и оценка эффективности тактики периоперационной нутритивно-метаболической терапии как компонента программы ускоренного выздоровления (ПУВ) у геронтологических больных раком толстой кишки при плановых хирургических вмешательствах. Методика. Проанализированы результаты лечения 400 геронтологических хирургических пациентов с диагнозом рака ободочной кишки, разделенных на две группы: основную (проспективную, n = 170), в которой лечение осуществляли с соблюдением оптимизированной ПУВ и нутритивно-метаболической терапии, и контрольную (ретроспективную, n= 230), ведение которой осуществляли традиционным способом. Периоперационная нутритивно-метаболическая терапия в основной группе заключалась в выявлении на основе оценки индекса массы тела в сочетании с динамикой потери массы тела пациентов, исходно имеющих белково-энергетическую недостаточность, и осуществлении их комплексной нутриционной поддержки. При предоперационной подготовке в период от 10 до 14 дней им назначали бесшлаковую диету, дополнительно к которой, в зависимости от объема съеденной пищи методом сипинга, назначали жидкую питательную смесь (Impact® Oral, Nestle) с высоким содержанием белка (7,6 г на 100 мл) и энергии (1,4 ккал в мл). Послеоперационная нутриционная поддержка заключалась в осуществлении раннего (с 1-х сут после операции) энтерального питания с использованием стандартных полисубстратных питательных смесей с содержанием белка 40 г/л (Isosource® Standard, Nestle) с целью профилактики пареза желудочно-кишечного тракта в сочетании с ранней активизацией больных. Результаты. У больных основной группы достоверно раньше восстанавливались белковый пул и иммунный статус, меньше было время стояния назогастрального зонда, пребывания в отделении интенсивной терапии и стационаре после операции, легче степень тяжесть осложнений по классификации Clavien – Dindo, лучше качество жизни и отдаленные результаты лечения. Выводы. Применение предложенной тактики периоперационной нутритивно-метаболической терапии как компонента ПУВ позволило ускорить реабилитацию и улучшить хирургические и онкологические результаты лечения отягощенных геронтологических пациентов при плановых операциях по поводу рака толстой кишки.

Многоэтапное хирургическое лечение первично-множественного синхронного рака толстой кишки у больного старческого возраста: клиническое наблюдение

А clinical case of successful multistage surgical treatment of elderly patient with primary synchronous colon cancer is presented. Locallyadvanced tumor are in ascending colon, the secod tumor are in sigmoid colon. The treatment realized in two stages after assessment by multidisciplinary team based on decision of council of physicians consist of oncologist, anaesthesiologist, therapeutist and neurologist. First stage include an ileotransversal bypass. After the complex rehabilitation during one month in aggregate with pre-operative council of physicians second stage are simultaneous radical right hemicolectomy with abdominal wall resection and sigmoidectomy with abdominal wall defect plastic by own tissues. Staged surgical treatment allowed to perform radical resection of the giant malignant neoplasm of the colon with good clinicasl result.Представлен клинический случай успешного многоэтапного хирургического лечения пациента старческого возраста с первично-множественным синхронным раком ободочной кишки. Местно-распространенная опухоль локализовалась в восходящей ободочной кишке, еще одна – в сигмовидной кишке. Лечение проводилось в 2 этапа после оценки мультидисциплинарной командой на основании решения консилиума в составе онколога, анестезиолога, терапевта и невролога. На 1-м этапе был наложен обходной илеотрансверзоанастомоз. После проведения комплексной реабилитации в течение месяца в сочетании с предоперационной подготовкой была выполнена симультанная операция в объеме радикальной правосторонней гемиколэктомии (с резекцией передней брюшной стенки) и резекции сигмовидной кишки, а также пластика дефекта передней брюшной стенки местными тканями (2-й этап). Этапное хирургическое лечение в сочетании с мультидисциплинарным подходом позволило выполнить радикальное удаление гигантского злокачественного новообразования толстой кишки с хорошим клиническим результатом

Post-Operative Functional Outcomes in Early Age Onset Rectal Cancer

Background: Impairment of bowel, urogenital and fertility-related function in patients treated for rectal cancer is common. While the rate of rectal cancer in the young (<50 years) is rising, there is little data on functional outcomes in this group. Methods: The REACCT international collaborative database was reviewed and data on eligible patients analysed. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with a histologically confirmed rectal cancer, <50 years of age at time of diagnosis and with documented follow-up including functional outcomes. Results: A total of 1428 (n=1428) patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Metastatic disease was present at diagnosis in 13%. Of these, 40% received neoadjuvant therapy and 50% adjuvant chemotherapy. The incidence of post-operative major morbidity was 10%. A defunctioning stoma was placed for 621 patients (43%); 534 of these proceeded to elective restoration of bowel continuity. The median follow-up time was 42 months. Of this cohort, a total of 415 (29%) reported persistent impairment of functional outcomes, the most frequent of which was bowel dysfunction (16%), followed by bladder dysfunction (7%), sexual dysfunction (4.5%) and infertility (1%). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with early-onset rectal cancer who undergo surgery report persistent impairment of functional status. Patients should be involved in the discussion regarding their treatment options and potential impact on quality of life. Functional outcomes should be routinely recorded as part of follow up alongside oncological parameters

Characteristics of Early-Onset vs Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Review.

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (younger than 50 years) is rising globally, the reasons for which are unclear. It appears to represent a unique disease process with different clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics compared with late-onset colorectal cancer. Data on oncological outcomes are limited, and sensitivity to conventional neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy regimens appear to be unknown. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature on early-onset colorectal cancer. Within the next decade, it is estimated that 1 in 10 colon cancers and 1 in 4 rectal cancers will be diagnosed in adults younger than 50 years. Potential risk factors include a Westernized diet, obesity, antibiotic usage, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Although genetic predisposition plays a role, most cases are sporadic. The full spectrum of germline and somatic sequence variations implicated remains unknown. Younger patients typically present with descending colonic or rectal cancer, advanced disease stage, and unfavorable histopathological features. Despite being more likely to receive neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, patients with early-onset disease demonstrate comparable oncological outcomes with their older counterparts. The clinicopathological features, underlying molecular profiles, and drivers of early-onset colorectal cancer differ from those of late-onset disease. Standardized, age-specific preventive, screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies are required to optimize outcomes

Association of mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics and anastomotic leak following left sided colorectal resection:an international, multi-centre, prospective audit

Introduction: The optimal bowel preparation strategy to minimise the risk of anastomotic leak is yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine whether oral antibiotics combined with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP+Abx) was associated with a reduced risk of anastomotic leak when compared to mechanical bowel preparation alone (MBP) or no bowel preparation (NBP). Methods: A pre-planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) 2017 Left Sided Colorectal Resection audit was performed. Patients undergoing elective left sided colonic or rectal resection with primary anastomosis between 1 January 2017 and 15 March 2017 by any operative approach were included. The primary outcome measure was anastomotic leak. Results: Of 3676 patients across 343 centres in 47 countries, 618 (16.8%) received MBP+ABx, 1945 MBP (52.9%) and 1099 patients NBP (29.9%). Patients undergoing MBP+ABx had the lowest overall rate of anastomotic leak (6.1%, 9.2%, 8.7% respectively) in unadjusted analysis. After case-mix adjustment using a mixed-effects multivariable regression model, MBP+Abx was associated with a lower risk of anastomotic leak (OR 0.52, 0.30–0.92, P = 0.02) but MBP was not (OR 0.92, 0.63–1.36, P = 0.69) compared to NBP. Conclusion: This non-randomised study adds ‘real-world’, contemporaneous, and prospective evidence of the beneficial effects of combined mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics in the prevention of anastomotic leak following left sided colorectal resection across diverse settings. We have also demonstrated limited uptake of this strategy in current international colorectal practice

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Evaluating the incidence of pathological complete response in current international rectal cancer practice

The mainstay of management for locally advanced rectal cancer is chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection. Following chemoradiotherapy, a complete response may be detected clinically and radiologically (cCR) prior to surgery or pathologically after surgery (pCR). We aim to report the overall complete pathological response (pCR) rate and the reliability of detecting a cCR by conventional pre-operative imaging.A pre-planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) 2017 audit was performed. Patients treated by elective rectal resection were included. A pCR was defined as a ypT0 N0 EMVI negative primary tumour; a partial response represented any regression from baseline staging following chemoradiotherapy. The primary endpoint was the pCR rate. The secondary endpoint was agreement between post-treatment MRI restaging (yMRI) and final pathological staging.Of 2572 patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery in 277 participating centres across 44 countries, 673 (26.2%) underwent chemoradiotherapy and surgery. The pCR rate was 10.3% (67/649), with a partial response in 35.9% (233/649) patients. Comparison of AJCC stage determined by post-treatment yMRI with final pathology showed understaging in 13% (55/429) and overstaging in 34% (148/429). Agreement between yMRI and final pathology for T-stage, N-stage, or AJCC status were each graded as 'fair' only (n = 429, Kappa 0.25, 0.26 and 0.35 respectively).The reported pCR rate of 10% highlights the potential for non-operative management in selected cases. The limited strength of agreement between basic conventional post-chemoradiotherapy imaging assessment techniques and pathology suggest alternative markers of response should be considered, in the context of controlled clinical trials