Migración internacional y empoderamiento de la mujer

Este trabajo analiza como las esposas de migrantes adquieren poder cuando ellos emigran. Cuando ellas se quedan adquieren más responsabilidades, pero también toman decisiones, ingresan al mercado laboral, aprenden a controlar los recursos del hogar. Al retorno del marido, pueden mantener ese poder, cederlo o afrontar fricciones, violencia doméstica, convivencia más equilibrada en el hogar dependiendo si ellos aceptan los nuevos roles de ellas. Para verificar lo que ocurre, se realizaron diez entrevistas con esposas de migrantes en la zona de Toluca, estado de México. Los resultados exhiben cuatro tipos de poder: mujeres que adquieren un mínimo poder en ausencia del esposo, mujeres que adquieren poder sólo en ausencia del marido, mujeres que se empoderan en ausencia y lo mantienen al retorno, y mujeres que siempre han tenido poder al interior del hogarConacy

Mejoramiento del servicio de atención al cliente bajo los lineamientos de la gestión de procesos en la empresa Maral E.I.R.L

La presente investigación está basada en el mejoramiento de los procesos en el servicio de atención al cliente, de una empresa que brinda servicios de mantenimiento y conexión de electrodomésticos, cuya problemática se refleja en el proceso más crítico como es el de servicio de atención al cliente, es por ello que ante la falta de cumplimiento de los objetivos de la empresa, el incumplimiento repetitivo de los indicadores de eficiencia, tiempo de gestión de las ordenes de servicio y tiempo de disponibilidad de información se genera una insatisfacción en sus clientes. Es así, como durante el presente proyecto de tesis para determinar el Mejoramiento del Servicio de Atención al Cliente mediante la aplicación de metodologías de la gestión de procesos se realizó la investigación de tipo experimental de grado pre-experimental, haciendo uso de encuestas y fichas de observación. Asimismo, cabe recalcar que en el desarrollo del proyecto se ha considerado una fase preliminar basada en el diagnóstico situacional de la empresa, posteriormente identificando los procesos críticos dentro de la empresa, diseñando un plan de acción para mejorar el servicio de atención al cliente, implementando el plan de acción para mejorar en el servicio de atención al cliente y evaluando el impacto económico y financiero del mejoramiento del servicio de atención al cliente en la empresa. Finalmente, la implementación tuvo un efecto positivo en el proceso de servicio de atención al cliente ya que el valor de la satisfacción del cliente al finalizar el proyecto es de 55% y la efectividad en el área de 93.16%. Así mismo, el impacto económico y financiero de la implementación de la metodología de gestión de procesos en la empresa determinó los siguientes valores: VAN = S/. 34.534,28; B/C= 1.87; y TIR= 1,37 años

Optimization and production of probiotic and antimycotoxin yeast biomass using bioethanol industry waste via response surface methodology

Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 presents probiotic and mycotoxin adsorbent properties for use as feed additive. The improvement of S. cerevisiae RC016 biomass production using an agro-industrial waste such as Dried Distillers'Grains and Solubles (DDGs) that pollute the environment can contribute to sustainable development of the process and reduce the costs of large-scale production. In order to avoid theobstruction of the fermentor?s stirring mechanism with solid particles a novel pre treatment of DDGs was conducted to concentrate carbon sources levels. The design of experiments were performed using four factor-three-level Box-Behnken design (carbon source concentration, nitrogen source concentration, yeast extract concentration and incubation time) coupled with response surface methodology to evaluate theinteraction between two factors in order to determine the optimum process conditions. A quadratic model was suggested for the predictionof biomass production. The F-value and p-value of the model indicated that it was statistically significant at 95 percent confidence interval. Inaddition, R2 value of the model indicated an acceptable accuracy. The results were validated at bioreactor level showing that the specific growthrate on the optimized medium (0.34h-1) increased 112.5% compared to the initial non-optimized medium (0.16h-1), the duplication time showeda decrease of 52.9%. Optimization enabled productivity (0.451gL-1h-1) nine times higher than the initial one (0.062gL-1h-1), thus 65% more biomass was obtained (5.20gL-1). The use of biomass DDGse derived from bioethanol production promotes the sustainable and green way of biomass production.Fil: Fochesato, Analía Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Micología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Galvagno, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Dogi, Cecilia Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Micología; ArgentinaFil: Cerrutti, Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Carrera de Especialista en Area de Bromatología y Tecnología de la Industrialización de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Pereyra, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Micología; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Marcelo David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología. Cátedra de Micología; Argentin

AliviArte: Proyecto de Comunicación para el Desarrollo con adolescentes de colegios públicos

El trabajo de investigación de Comunicación para el Desarrollo “AliviArte: el arte siempre va a acompañarte”, aborda el problema comunicacional de reconocimiento limitado de las expresiones artísticas como una actividad de ocio por parte de los y las adolescentes de segundo de secundaria del colegio público Unión Latinoamericana, lo cual invisibiliza el espectro completo de las expresiones artísticas para su aporte de calma y satisfacción en la dinámica cotidiana individual y familiar dentro del contexto de aislamiento social obligatorio. La elección de este público se debe a que su escala de valores y estilo de vida, se configura a largo plazo y se manifiesta durante la adultez. Por ello, si se les proporciona diversas experiencias artísticas y culturales, se formará “valores y gustos basados en estos atributos que determinarán un perfil de consumo crítico y proactivo” (Colomer, s/f, p.11). Esto generará también, que los trabajos culturales y artísticos sean considerados como labores esenciales para el desarrollo social y económico; y no únicamente como fuentes de entretenimiento. Según los hallazgos del diagnóstico realizado, el objetivo de comunicación del trabajo es promover la resignificación de las expresiones artísticas para evidenciar su aporte de calma y satisfacción en la dinámica cotidiana individual y familiar de los y las adolescentes de segundo de secundaria del colegio público Unión Latinoamericana a partir del contexto de aislamiento social obligatorio. Para llevarlo a cabo, se utiliza una metodología participativa, introspectiva, artística y lúdica. Cada una de ellas se desarrolla de manera particular en las estrategias y etapas del trabajo de investigación. Por lo tanto, este proceso permite que cada participante explore y realice distintas expresiones artísticas, descubriendo que estas atienden sus emociones y que aportan al vínculo de las relaciones familiares, así como a su bienestar individual al brindarles calma y satisfacción

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: Relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis

Una perspectiva multidisciplinaria

Derivado de la necesidad de fomentar la investigación multidisciplinaria, la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México llevó a cabo los días 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2016, el VIII Coloquio de Investigación intitulado “Desarrollo económico, regional y sustentable”. En este magno evento se presentaron 36 ponencias agrupadas en cinco mesas de trabajo: sectores productivos, crecimiento económico y mercado de trabajo; tecnología, innovación y organizaciones; desigualdad regional, pobreza y migración; economía financiera e internacional; y medio ambiente y sociedad. Del material expuesto en el VIII Coloquio, se eligieron 16 investigaciones, mismas que integran este libro. Los estudios presentados en cada uno de los subsiguientes capítulos fueron seleccionados de acuerdo a un proceso de rigurosidad científica, siendo sometidos a dictamen por pares ciegos a partir de la integración de un Comité Académico de expertos. Lo anterior con la finalidad de proporcionar al lector un material de investigación de calidad y solidez científica respecto a temas de trascendencia vinculados con los sectores productivos, la innovación, las organizaciones, la responsabilidad social, la desigualdad, la educación y el medioambiente.Consecuencia de la apertura de los mercados y los preceptos competitivos dictados por la globalización, se manifiesta la necesidad de vincular los diversos saberes provenientes de las ciencias naturales y sociales, con el fin de complementar el conocimiento y generar nuevas formas de visualizar el entorno. A raíz de ello, la investigación multidisciplinaria asume un papel cada vez más importante en los círculos académicos, empresariales y gubernamentales. En este marco, entra en desuso la visualización del individuo como un sujeto atomístico desvinculado del medio ambiente que le rodea. El objetivo de este libro es otorgar una visión multidisciplinaria al estudio de temas económicos incorporando visiones teóricas y empíricas procedentes de las ciencias sociales y naturales. La obra está compuesta por 16 capítulos agrupados en cuatro secciones. La primera parte, conglomera cinco capítulos en torno a los tópicos sectores productivos y crecimiento económico.Facultad de Economía. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Small vulnerable newborns : the urgent need of strong actions in Peru and the entire Latin America

Non peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks