Peixes ósseos (Teleostei) capturados pela pesca de pequena escala na costa centro-sul de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil

Small-scale fisheries have a great socioeconomic importance in Brazil. Different regional characteristics along the coast, mostly related to landing sites, equipment used, and targeted species, renders its assessment and monitoring difficult. The aim of this paper is to present a list of species of bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by artisanal fisheries along the São Paulo coast, southeastern Brazil and to provide comments on the relative abundance and conservation status of those species. A total of 315 fishing fleet landings were surveyed, and 106 species distributed among 38 families were recorded. Sciaenidae and Carangidae were the most frequent families in species number. The southern king weakfish, Macrodon atricauda, was the most abundant species, representing 28.03% of the total number of specimens caught. Eleven of the most abundant species are classified as Overexploited in the country or as Near Threatened in the state of São Paulo. These findings reinforce the relevance of assessing and managing artisanal fisheries.A pesca de pequena escala tem uma grande importância socioeconômica no Brasil. Diferenças regionais ao longo da costa, relacionadas principalmente aos locais de desembarque, artes de pesca e espécies- alvo tornam a sua avaliação e monitoramento difíceis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar uma lista das espécies de peixes ósseos capturadas pela pesca artesanal na costa de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, com comentários sobre a sua abundância relativa e estado de conservação. Foram monitorados 315 desembarques da frota pesqueira, registrando 106 espécies, distribuídas em 38 famílias. As famílias Sciaenidae e Carangidae foram as mais representativas em número de espécies. A pescada amarela, Macrodon atricauda, foi a espécie mais abundante, correspondendo a 28,03% do número total de peixes capturados. Onze das espécies mais abundantes são classificadas como Sobre-explotadas no país ou Próximo de Ameaça de Extinção no estado de São Paulo. Esses resultados reforçam a relevância de avaliar e manejar as pescarias artesanais.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências do MarInstituto Linha D′ ÁguaInstituto de Pesca, Programa de Monitoramento da Atividade PesqueiraUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Laboratório de Pesquisa em ElasmobrânquiosUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências do MarSciEL

The Involvement of Proteoglycans in the Human Plasma Prekallikrein Interaction with the Cell Surface

Introduction: the aim of this work was to evaluate the role of human plasma prekallikrein assembly and processing in cells and to determine whether proteoglycans, along with high molecular weight kininogen (H-kininogen), influence this interaction.Methods: We used the endothelial cell line ECV304 and the epithelial cell lines CHO-K1 (wild type) and CHO-745 (deficient in proteoglycans). Prekallikrein endocytosis was studied using confocal microscopy, and prekallikrein cleavage/activation was determined by immunoblotting using an antibody directed to the prekallikrein sequence C364TTKTSTR371 and an antibody directed to the entire H-kininogen molecule.Results: At 37 degrees C, prekallikrein endocytosis was assessed in the absence and presence of exogenously applied H-kininogen and found to be 1,418.4 +/- 0.010 and 1,070.3 +/- 0.001 pixels/cell, respectively, for ECV304 and 1,319.1 +/- 0.003 and 631.3 +/- 0.001 pixels/cell, respectively, for CHO-K1. No prekallikrein internalization was observed in CHO-745 in either condition. Prekallikrein colocalized with LysoTracker in the absence and presence of exogenous H-kininogen at levels of 76.0% and 88.5%, respectively, for ECV304 and at levels of 40.7% and 57.0%, respectively, for CHO-K1. After assembly on the cell surface, a plasma kallikrein fragment of 53 kDa was predominant in the incubation buffer of all the cell lines studied, indicating specific proteolysis; plasma kallikrein fragments of 48-44 kDa and 34-32 kDa were also detected in the incubation buffer, indicating non-specific cleavage. Bradykinin free H-kininogen internalization was not detected in CHO-K1 or CHO-745 cells at 37 degrees C.Conclusion: the prekallikrein interaction with the cell surface is temperature-dependent and independent of exogenously applied H-kininogen, which results in prekallikrein endocytosis promoted by proteoglycans. Prekallikrein proteolysis/activation is influenced by H-kininogen/glycosaminoglycans assembly and controls plasma kallikrein activity.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Apoio a Universidade Federal de São Paulo-FAP/UNIFESPUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Bandeirante São Paulo, Biomat & Biotechnol Res Grp, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: FAPESP 09/51319-1FAPESP: 09/13160-0FAPESP: FAPESP 13/05822-9FAPESP: FAPESP 2012/50219-6CNPq: CNPq 472403/2007-9Web of Scienc

Reef fishes of the Anchieta Island State Park, Southwestern Atlantic, Brazil

This paper presents a checklist of the reef fish fauna of the Anchieta Island State Park, a no-take zone in which no extractive activities are allowed, in Ubatuba, Southeastern Brazil. Data was obtained between 2011 and 2013, mainly through underwater observations with snorkelling and SCUBA, and secondarily using scientific fishing (trawling). Published and unpublished data were also verified and compiled. A total of 103 reef fish species, distributed in 78 genus and 50 families was recorded. Haemulidae was the richest family (n=7 species), followed by Epinephelidae (n=6), Pomacentridae, Carangidae and Tetraodontidae (n=4 each). Haemulon was also the most speciose genera (n=5), followed by Stegastes, Acanthurus and Mycteroperca (n=3 each). Sixty-nine species (67%) are included in global and regional Red Lists. Twenty-five species (24.2%) are within the categories Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU) and Near-Threathened (NT). The network of Marine Protected Areas in Southeastern Brazil is still incipient, and the considerable number of threatened species in the Anchieta Island State Park clearly indicates the importance of the study area for the conservation of coastal and reef fishes.CNPqFAPERJCAPESUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Sao Vicente, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Mar, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Marinha, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol & SAGE COPPE, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Ctr Ciencias Aplicadas & Educ, Rio Tinto, PB, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Campus Expt Registro, Registro, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Mar, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Marinha, Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Leveduras killer: biologia, ecologia e aplicações biotecnológicas

The killer activity of yeasts has been observed in more than 90 species and many killer toxins (mycocins) produced by strains belonging to different genera have been extensively studied. Many studies have highlighted the biotechnological applications of the killer phenomenon: (i) control of yeasts contaminants of process fermentations; (ii) taxonomy of yeasts of clinical and industry interest; and (iii) applications in medicine like new antimycotic agents. This review deals with the potential biotechnological applications of the killer system of yeasts emphasizing the studies that have been developed until now.A atividade killer de leveduras tem sido observada em mais de 90 espécies e diversas toxinas killer (micocinas) produzidas por linhagens pertencentes a diversos gêneros têm sido extensivamente estudadas. Muitos estudos têm destacado as aplicações biotecnológicas do fenômeno killer: (i) controle de leveduras contaminantes de processos fermentativos; (ii) taxonomia e biotipagem de leveduras de interesse clínico e industrial; e (iii) aplicações biomédicas como novos agentes antimicóticos. Este trabalho de revisão aborda as potenciais aplicações do sistema killer de leveduras com base em estudos até o momento realizados, demonstrando o potencial biotecnológico dessas leveduras

Bradykinin Release Avoids High Molecular Weight Kininogen Endocytosis

Human H-kininogen (120 kDa) plays a role in many pathophysiological processes and interacts with the cell surface through protein receptors and proteoglycans, which mediate H-kininogen endocytosis. in the present work we demonstrate that H-kininogen containing bradykinin domain is internalized and different endogenous kininogenases are present in CHO-K1 cells. We used CHO-K1 (wild type) and CHO-745 (mutant deficient in proteoglycans biosynthesis) cell lines. H-kininogen endocytosis was studied using confocal microscopy, and its hydrolysis by cell lysate fraction was determined by immunoblotting. Bradykinin release was also measured by radioimmunoassay. H-kininogen interaction with the cell surface of CHO-745 cells resulted in bradykinin release by serine proteases. in CHO-K1 cells, which produce heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, internalization of H-kininogen through its bradykinin domain can occur on lipid raft domains/caveolae. Nevertheless bradykinin-free H-kininogen was not internalized by CHO-K1 cells. the H-kininogen present in acidic endosomal vesicles in CHO-K1 was approximately 10-fold higher than the levels in CHO-745. CHO-K1 lysate fractions were assayed at pH 5.5 and intact H-kininogen was totally hydrolyzed into a 62 kDa fragment. By contrast, at an assay pH 7.4, the remained fragments were 115 kDa, 83 kDa, 62 kDa and 48 kDa in size. the anti-pain-Sepharose chromatography separated endogenous kininogenases from CHO-K1 lysate fraction. No difference was detected in the assays at pH 5.5 or 7.4, but the proteins in the fraction bound to the resin released bradykinin from H-kininogen. However, the proteins in the unbound fraction cleaved intact H-kininogen at other sites but did not release bradykinin. H-kininogen can interact with extravascular cells, and is internalized dependent on its bradykinin domain and cell surface proteoglycans. After internalization, H-kininogen is proteolytically processed by intracellular kininogenases. the present data also demonstrates that serine or cysteine proteases in lipid raft domains/caveolae on the CHO cell can hydrolyze H-kininogen, thus releasing kinins.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Apoio a Universidade Federal de São Paulo-FAP/UNIFESPUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Anhanguera São Paulo UNIAN SP, Programa Biomat, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Anhanguera São Paulo UNIAN SP, Programa Biotecnol, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, SP, BrazilCNPq: CNPq 472403/2007-9FAPESP: FAPESP 13/05822-9FAPESP: FAPESP 2012/50219-6Web of Scienc

PERSPECTIVAS TECNOLÓGICAS PARA O ENVELHECIMENTO POPULACIONAL: O BENEFÍCIO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL EM IDOSOS

The increase in global life expectancy brings with it the growing challenge of population aging, marked by the increase in chronic diseases such as dementia and cancer, demanding personalized medical care. At the same time, there is a worrying trend towards a reduction in physical activity levels and an increase in sedentary lifestyle, influenced by public policies, social support and individual, cultural and environmental factors. The social and psychological impact of aging, including loneliness in old age, highlights the need for innovative interventions such as the use of educational robotic technologies, such as "RoboLS", which aim to improve the physical and mental health of the elderly. Advances in clinical artificial intelligence and socially assistive robotics are also explored as promising tools to support healthy aging and improve social interaction among older. OBJECTIVE: Analyze and highlight technological perspectives to promote healthy aging in the population. METHODOLOGY: This study reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2023, obtained from the PubMed database using descriptors such as Artificial Intelligence, Aging and technology. 16 articles were selected from a total of 63 initially found, after applying inclusion criteria that considered complete studies in Portuguese, English, Spanish or French, including reviews and meta-analyses relevant to the research. RESULTS: The studies highlight significant advances in the application of technologies such as Social Assistance Robots (SARs) and artificial intelligence (AI) programs to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Telemonitoring and the use of advanced sensors have proven effective in managing chronic diseases and early detection of adverse events. SARs equipped with tactile and light sensors promoted beneficial social interactions, reducing the burden on caregivers. However, challenges such as cultural adaptation and patient safety remain critical to the widespread acceptance of these technologies. Personalization of care and ethical algorithm development are essential to maximizing the potential of AI and robotics-based solutions in elderly care. CONCLUSION: Recent advances in AI for elderly care are highlighted by the implementation of SARs, which improve health and quality of life, although they face technical and ethical challenges in their continued acceptance and effectiveness.O aumento da expectativa de vida global traz consigo o desafio crescente do envelhecimento populacional, marcado pelo aumento das doenças crônicas como demência e câncer, demandando cuidados médicos personalizados. Paralelamente, observa-se uma tendência preocupante de redução nos níveis de atividade física e aumento do sedentarismo, influenciados por políticas públicas, apoio social e fatores individuais, culturais e ambientais. O impacto social e psicológico do envelhecimento, incluindo a solidão na terceira idade, ressalta a necessidade de intervenções inovadoras como o uso de tecnologias robóticas educativas, como o "RoboLS", que visam melhorar a saúde física e mental dos idosos. Avanços na inteligência artificial clínica e robótica socialmente assistencial também são explorados como ferramentas promissoras para apoiar o envelhecimento saudável e melhorar a interação social entre os idosos. OBJETIVO: Analisar e destacar as perspectivas tecnológicas para promover um envelhecimento saudável na população. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo revisou artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2023, obtidos da base de dados PubMed usando descritores como Inteligência Artificial, Envelhecimento e tecnologia. Foram selecionados 16 artigos de um total de 63 inicialmente encontrados, após aplicação de critérios de inclusão que consideraram estudos completos em português, inglês, espanhol ou francês, incluindo revisões e meta-análises relevantes para a pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Os estudos destacam avanços significativos na aplicação de tecnologias como os Robôs de Assistência Social (SARs) e programas de inteligência artificial (IA) para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos. O telemonitoramento e o uso de sensores avançados mostraram-se eficazes na gestão de doenças crônicas e na detecção precoce de eventos adversos. SARs equipados com sensores táteis e de luz promoveram interações sociais benéficas, reduzindo o fardo dos cuidadores. No entanto, desafios como a adaptação cultural e a segurança dos pacientes continuam a ser críticos para a aceitação generalizada dessas tecnologias. A personalização dos cuidados e o desenvolvimento ético de algoritmos são essenciais para maximizar o potencial das soluções baseadas em IA e robótica no cuidado aos idosos. CONCLUSÃO: Recentes avanços na IA para cuidados com idosos destacam-se pela implementação de SARs, que melhoram saúde e qualidade de vida, embora enfrentem desafios técnicos e éticos em sua aceitação e eficácia contínuas

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups