Unified min-max and interlacing theorems for linear operators

There exist striking analogies in the behaviour of eigenvalues of Hermitian compact operators, singular values of compact operators and invariant factors of homomorphisms of modules over principal ideal domains, namely diagonalization theorems, interlacing inequalities and Courant-Fischer type formulae. Carlson and Sa [D. Carlson and E.M. Sa, Generalized minimax and interlacing inequalities, Linear Multilinear Algebra 15 (1984) pp. 77-103.] introduced an abstract structure, the s-space, where they proved unified versions of these theorems in the finite-dimensional case. We show that this unification can be done using modular lattices with Goldie dimension, which have a natural structure of s-space in the finite-dimensional case, and extend the unification to the countable-dimensional case

A Corte Joanina no Rio de Janeiro: novos hábitos alimentares expressos na Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro (1808-1821)

Este trabalho objetiva discutir a emergência de novos hábitos alimentares na capital fluminense, expressos pelos classificados do primeiro impresso brasileiro, a Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1808-1821. Por meio do método de análise proposto pela pesquisadora Laurence Bardin, na obra Análise de Conteúdo (1977), buscamos identificar e apontar a emersão de produtos, bens e serviços nos classificados do impresso que sejam caros ao cotidiano alimentar das elites à época. Em paralelo a esta análise, contextualizaremos os feitos ligados ao Rei e seu séquito no período de estada da corte lusa no Brasil, rastreando alguns caminhos relacionados às modificações nas sensibilidades alimentares no período. Assim, ingredientes estrangeiros, louças importadas, produtos a la europeia, cozinheiros d’além-mar, negras escravizadas treinadas em cozinha e outros enunciados que se relacionem com a alimentação são parte do arsenal de análise. Outro viés de observação relaciona-se com a oferta de dados produtos, o custo e os sentidos atribuídos a eles frente à sociedade de grosso trato local. O recorte repousa no período em que a corte lusa esteve no Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1808 e 1821. Tal escolha está ligada diretamente à emergência de novos padrões de convivência, ao choque entre os padrões que já faziam parte da sociedade aristocrata brasileira e à emergência de hábitos criados em decorrência deste contato. Assim, conhecer os produtos alimentares anunciados nos classificados do impresso é possibilitar à História revisitar uma parte do passado e descortinar mais um possível olhar sobre o período. O jornal foi fundado, junto à Imprensa Régia, em 13 de maio de 1808. Suas edições eram publicadas duas vezes por semana, às quartas e aos sábados, contando ainda com edições extraordinárias. Além do cotidiano local, o jornal versava sobre as decisões administrativas reais e o cenário internacional; nos classificados, tratava da venda, da compra e da oferta de um sem-fim de produtos e serviços, caros ao contexto do período. Este foi um dos vieses que subsidiaram a construção de um séquito local nos moldes do Antigo Regime à brasileira, para sustentar uma condução que se configurava e que ganhava novas dinâmicas à época

A trajetória do paladar luso entre os séculos XVII­XVIII: análise de livros de cozinha

Buscamos neste trabalho compreender a transição da alimentação portuguesa ocorrida no período entre os séculos XVII­XVIII, influenciada pelas tendências francesas, considerada modelo para grande parte da Europa moderna. Além das alterações de práticas e técnicas culinárias, buscamos observar a modificação dos ingredientes, estes que constituíram o principal foco das inovações. Falar da modernidade é remeter a um período em que os sabores marcantes das especiarias, usadas em abundância, e a pompa excessiva nas apresentações dos pratos, tão características do medievo, deram lugar a sabores mais delicados, com temperos que valorizavam o sabor natural dos alimentos. Com vistas a acompanhar tal processo, tomamos como base de análise de reflexão os dois primeiros livros de cozinha portugueses publicados: Arte de Cozinha (1680), de Domingos Rodrigues, e Cozinheiro Moderno ou Nova Arte de Cozinha (1780), de Lucas Rigaud. Por esse expediente, buscamos esquadrinhar, em linhas gerais, quais foram as transformações ocorridas no paladar português ao longo do período em tela

Uso y utilidad de las herramientas virtuales y digitales en la extensión rural y las comunidades rurales: Una revisión de literatura científica

Recientemente se han dado importantes transformaciones en las prácticas de extensión rural como resultado de la incorporación de tecnologías digitales y virtuales de la comunicación, lo cual se vio fuertemente potenciado por la pandemia de COVID-19. Dado el carácter reciente de estos cambios, a la fecha no existen trabajos que sistematicen los estudios que describen estas transformaciones. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de trabajos académicos que abordan el uso, utilidad e importancia de las herramientas virtuales y digitales en las prácticas de extensión rural y las comunidades rurales. Para esto se realizó una revisión de literatura en español e inglés utilizando Google Académico. Se identificaron y analizaron 20 trabajos, 10 en español y 10 en inglés. Los temas abordados son múltiples, se destaca el uso de tecnologías digitales para la comunicación entre extensionistas y productores y entre productores, los beneficios del uso de estas tecnologías, los problemas de acceso y el impacto de la pandemia. Se reconocen como principales desafíos las dificultades de acceso a equipos como teléfonos y computadoras, la falta de infraestructura para contar con señal de calidad y la falta de formación y experiencia tanto de productores como extensionistas para aprovechar todo su potencial.Recently there have been important transformations in rural extension practices because of the incorporation of digital and virtual communication technologies, which was strongly enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the recent nature of these changes, to date there are no papers that systematize the studies that describe these transformations. This article presents a review of academic papers that address the use, usefulness, and importance of virtual and digital tools in rural extension practices and rural communities. For this, a literature review in Spanish and English was carried out using Google Scholar. Twenty works were identified and analyzed, 10 in Spanish and 10 in English. The topics addressed are multiple, highlighting the use of digital technologies for communication between extension agents and farmers and between farmers, the benefits of using these technologies, access problems and the impact of the pandemic. The difficulties of access to devices such as telephones and computers, the lack of infrastructure that allow us to have a quality signal, and the lack of training and experience of both farmers and extension agents to take advantage of their full potential are recognized as the main challenges.Fil: Candia Gómez, G.. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Santa Clara, F.. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Landini, Fernando Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata. Secretaría de Políticas del Conocimiento. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas (Sede Posadas); Argentin

Uso y utilidad de las herramientas virtuales y digitales en la extensión rural y las comunidades rurales: Una revisión de literatura científica

Recientemente se han dado importantes transformaciones en las prácticas de extensión rural como resultado de la incorporación de tecnologías digitales y virtuales de la comunicación, lo cual se vio fuertemente potenciado por la pandemia de COVID-19. Dado el carácter reciente de estos cambios, a la fecha no existen trabajos que sistematicen los estudios que describen estas transformaciones. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de trabajos académicos que abordan el uso, utilidad e importancia de las herramientas virtuales y digitales en las prácticas de extensión rural y las comunidades rurales. Para esto se realizó una revisión de literatura en español e inglés utilizando Google Académico. Se identificaron y analizaron 20 trabajos, 10 en español y 10 en inglés. Los temas abordados son múltiples, se destaca el uso de tecnologías digitales para la comunicación entre extensionistas y productores y entre productores, los beneficios del uso de estas tecnologías, los problemas de acceso y el impacto de la pandemia. Se reconocen como principales desafíos las dificultades de acceso a equipos como teléfonos y computadoras, la falta de infraestructura para contar con señal de calidad y la falta de formación y experiencia tanto de productores como extensionistas para aprovechar todo su potencial.Recently there have been important transformations in rural extension practices because of the incorporation of digital and virtual communication technologies, which was strongly enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the recent nature of these changes, to date there are no papers that systematize the studies that describe these transformations. This article presents a review of academic papers that address the use, usefulness, and importance of virtual and digital tools in rural extension practices and rural communities. For this, a literature review in Spanish and English was carried out using Google Scholar. Twenty works were identified and analyzed, 10 in Spanish and 10 in English. The topics addressed are multiple, highlighting the use of digital technologies for communication between extension agents and farmers and between farmers, the benefits of using these technologies, access problems and the impact of the pandemic. The difficulties of access to devices such as telephones and computers, the lack of infrastructure that allow us to have a quality signal, and the lack of training and experience of both farmers and extension agents to take advantage of their full potential are recognized as the main challenges.Fil: Candia Gómez, G.. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Santa Clara, F.. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Landini, Fernando Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata. Secretaría de Políticas del Conocimiento. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas (Sede Posadas); Argentin

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake