Clinicopathological analysis of ovarian tumors: a two year retrospective study

Background: Ovarian tumours are a heterogeneous neoplasm with a varied clinical, morphological and histological feature. Increasing mortality rate due to ovarian cancers has been reported in recent years. Ovarian tumours in post-menopausal females have high risk of malignancy and it has a very poor outcome. The aim and objective of this study was to determine clinical and histopathological spectrum and the frequency and age distribution of various ovarian tumors.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of patients with ovarian tumors in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SGRRI of Medical Health & Sciences and Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 in a total number of 86 patients. All specimens were sent to pathology department and categorised according to WHO  hispathological classification.Results: Out of 86 cases examined, 64 cases were benign (74.4%), 3 cases were borderline (3.4%) and 19 cases were malignant (22.2%). Majority of the ovarian tumors (73.4%) were seen in the age group of 20 to 50 years. Most commonly encountered benign ovarian tumour was serous cystadenoma (58.1%). Surface epithelial tumors were the commonest tumors (64%) followed by germ cell tumors (29%).Conclusions: A variety of benign and malignant tumours of ovary were reported in this study. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ovarian neoplasms favour the good prognosis. Most common benign tumour encountered in this study was serous cystadenoma

A DEEP INSIGHT ON DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: THE SILENT COMPLICATION OF DIABETES, WITH INPUTS ON ITS CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, PATHWAYS, AND TREATMENTS

Background: The incidence of diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a prominent complication for people suffering from diabetes. DNP is a common complication in patients suffering from diabetes, and it is affecting approximately more than 50% of the population where the nerves are affected by high glucose levels.Objective: The aim of the review paper is to inspect the complications, causes, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatments, pathways, and management of DNP as all these factors play important role in the management of DNP. This paper also aims to identify the potential cures and the side effects if any associated with the commonly used treatments in conditions of DNP.Methods: The data collected for reviewing was by studying the published researchers from PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane, Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO), and Google open access publications from the year 1995–2017.Results: We have concluded on an interpretation that the drugs for treating DNP are managing the pain and controlling glucose levels but are reportedly causing major side effects. Hence, attention must be given to the potential risk factors for neuropathy and development of formulations with minimal side effects and a potential cure. We have focused on the recent researches, emerging problems, and techniques for identifying the patients suffering from DNP.Conclusion: The incidence of DNP is a prominent complication for people suffering from diabetes. Although the treatment available currently focusses on the pain management in DNP, attention must be given to the potential risk factors for neuropathy and development of formulations with minimal side effects and a potential cure

LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE AND PROTEIN STABILIZATION BY DALBERGIA SISSOO (FAMILY: FABACEAE): IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Objective: Plants of the genus Dalbergia are reported to be useful in the treatment of arthritis, gonorrhoea and rheumatic pains. Present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from Dalbergia sissoo leaves (EDS) and to support its traditional use.Methods: EDS was investigated for it's in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in human red blood cell membrane stabilization (HRBC) method and protein denaturation method. Diclofenac sodium was used as the standard drug.Results: The EDS and diclofenac sodium showed a concentration dependent stabilization toward HRBC membrane with 314.3±0.01 and 34.91±0.01 µg/ml; 50% protection, respectively. EDS and diclofenac sodium also showed dose dependent protein denaturation with IC50 values 719.9±0.04 and 428.4±0.02 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusions: EDS possessed noticeable in vitro anti-inflammatory effect against the HRBC membrane stabilization method and denaturation of albumin. Further authoritative studies are necessary to make certain the mechanisms and constituents behind its anti-inflammatory actions.Â

Broad spectrum antimycotic plant as a potential source of therapeutic agent

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oil(s) of some spp. of Curcuma viz., Curcuma angustifolia, C. aromatica, C. domestica and C. zedoaria -were screened against three common dermatophytic fungi causing ringworm infection in human beings. The essential oil of Curcuma domestica Valet. (Family-Zingiberaceae) was found strongest toxicant against the test fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was 1.6µl/ml against Epidermophyton floccosum and 1.4µl/ml against Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum; however, it was fungicidal at 1.6 µl/ml against M. gypseum and T. rubrum, and 2.0 µl/ml against E. floccosum, respectively. The efficacy contains heavy doses of inoculums (25 discs of 5 mm each). The (MKT) of the oil was 30 sec against E. floccosum & Microsporum gypseum and 20 sec against T. rubrum, while, its MFCs required 6.30 hrs against E. floccosum & Microsporum gypseum and 5.30 hr against T. rubrum. The oils efficacy was thermo stable up to 80 0 C and for 36 months of storage, the maximum unit taken into consideration. Moreover, the oil of C. domestica did not exhibit any adverse effect on mammalian skin up to 5% conc. The clinical trial of the oil in the form of ointment (at 1% V/V conc.) to topical testing on patients, attending outpatient department (OPD) of MLN Medical College, Allahabad is still in progress

Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment

Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve dynamically through indirect and direct cellular interactions, eliciting multiscale effects on many biological programs, including cellular proliferation, growth, and metabolism, as well as angiogenesis and hypoxia and innate and adaptive immunity. Here we highlight specific biological processes that could be exploited as targets for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, we describe how inhibition of targets such as cholesterol synthesis and metabolites, reactive oxygen species and hypoxia, macrophage activation and conversion, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulation of dendritic cells, vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of angiogenesis, fibrosis inhibition, endoglin, and Janus kinase signaling emerge as examples of important potential nexuses in the regulation of tumorigenesis and the tumor microenvironment that can be targeted. We have also identified therapeutic agents as approaches, in particular natural products such as berberine, resveratrol, onionin A, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, curcumin, naringenin, desoxyrhapontigenin, piperine, and zerumbone, that may warrant further investigation to target the tumor microenvironment for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer

Sustained proliferation in cancer: mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets

Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression

A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation

Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes

The relationship between nostalgia, social exclusion, and empathy

As a positive, social emotion, nostalgia has the potential to reduce the negative impact of social exclusion on empathy. I ran a series of experiments in order to establish the relationship between nostalgia, social exclusion, and empathy. In Studies 1 and 2, participants were instructed to recall either a nostalgic or ordinary autobiographical experience and then read an essay ostensibly written by another participant describing a physically painful ordeal. Afterwards, the participants were asked to report the level of empathy that they felt for the person who wrote the essay. Participants who had previously recalled a nostalgic event reported significantly higher levels of empathy than those who had recalled an ordinary event. In Studies 3 and 4, participants were given randomly assigned future alone, future belonging, or control feedback. Participants who were given future alone (compared to future belonging or control) feedback reported significantly higher levels of nostalgia. Study 5 examined nostalgia’s ability to directly counteract social threats. Individuals who were exposed to a future alone (compared to future belonging) feedback reported lower levels of empathy when they were instructed to recall an ordinary autobiographical experience. However, the future alone manipulation had no significant effect on empathy when participants recalled a nostalgic experience. The results suggest that nostalgia may function as an adaptive reaction to social exclusion, and can prevent people from becoming emotionally numb after being excludedEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Effect of <i>Delonix regia</i> (Boj. Ex Hook.) Raf. stem bark extract against experimentally induced ulcers in rats

49-54Delonix regia, commonly called Flame Tree or Flamboyant (locally, Gul Mohor) is a common tree traditionally used to treat various diseases like gastric problems, body pain, rheumatic pains of joints and wound healing. Here, we carried out biological profiling of Delonix regia as antiulcer agent. Antiulcer activity of the ethanol extract from stem bark was evaluated on pylorus ligation and indomethacin induced ulcer in Wistar albino rats. Ethanol extract from stem bark of D.regia was administered at the doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 7 days. Ulcer index, gastric pH, volume, free acidity, total acidity, total carbohydrate (TC), protein (P), mucin content (TC/P) and gastric mucus were evaluated in pylorus ligation model, while ulcer index, malondialdehyde, GSH, PGE2, and gastric mucus were estimated in the indomethacin induced ulcer model. Ex vivo assay for the activity of H+/K+-ATPase was also done. The results showed significant inhibition on H+/K+-ATPase in a dose dependent manner and comparableto their respective positive control group of rats demonstrating that ethanol extract of stem bark of Delonix regia possesses significant antiulcer properties

Periodic inventory model with controllable lead time where backorder rate depends on protection interval

In this paper, a period review inventory model with controllable lead time has been considered where shortages are partially backlogged. The backorder rate is dependent on the backorder discount and the length of the protection interval, which is sum of the review period and the lead time. Two cases have been discussed for protection interval demand which are (a) Demand distribution is known (Normal Distribution) (b) Demand distribution is unknown (Minimax distribution). Further, algorithms have been developed which jointly optimize the backorder discount, the review period and the lead time for each case. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the results