18 research outputs found
Attention-Aware Disparity Control in interactive environments
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 26/04/2013
- Field of study
Cataloged from PDF version of article.Our paper introduces a novel approach for controlling
stereo camera parameters in interactive 3D environments
in a way that specifically addresses the interplay
of binocular depth perception and saliency of scene contents.
Our proposed Dynamic Attention-Aware Disparity
Control (DADC) method produces depth-rich stereo rendering
that improves viewer comfort through joint optimization
of stereo parameters. While constructing the optimization
model, we consider the importance of scene elements, as
well as their distance to the camera and the locus of attention
on the display. Our method also optimizes the depth
effect of a given scene by considering the individual user’s
stereoscopic disparity range and comfortable viewing experience
by controlling accommodation/convergence conflict.
We validate our method in a formal user study that also reveals
the advantages, such as superior quality and practical
relevance, of considering our method.© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L.
- Abdeen Z. A.
- Abdrakhmanova S.
- Abdul Rahim H. F.
- Abdurrahmonova Z.
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- Adam I.
- Adamczyk M.
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- Ahmadi N.
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- Aitmurzaeva G.
- Ajlouni K.
- Al Hourani H. M.
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- Al-Lahou B.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadvand Alireza
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Ali Osman
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amouyel Philippe
- Amuzu Antoinette
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Angquist Lars H.
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anselmo Olinto Maria Teresa
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L.
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R.
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio J. D.
- Barros Mauro V. G.
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batista Rosangela L.
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Bentham James
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Biehl Anna
- Bikbov Mukharram
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J.
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Lars
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M.
- Boehm Bernhard O.
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G.
- Boissonnet Carlos P.
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bopp Matthias
- Borchini Rossana
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
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- Branca Francesco
- Braunerova Radka Taxova
- Breckenkamp Jürgen
- Breda Joao
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- Bruno Graziella
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- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cabrera de Leon Antonio
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
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- Camolas Jose
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- Candido Ana Paula C.
- Canete Felicia
- Capanzana Mario V.
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- Celikcan Ertugrul
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- Chan Angelique W.
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K.
- Chaturvedi Nishi
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheng Yiling J.
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
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- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
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- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zhussupov Baurzhan
- Zimmermann Esther
- Zuniga Cisneros Julio
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Black Robert
- Bloch Katia V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P
- Bojesen Stig E
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerova Radka Taxova
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda Joao
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M
- Brian Garry R
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas Jose
- Can Gunay
- Candido Ana Paula C
- Canete Felicia
- Capanzana Mario V
- Capkova Nadezda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C
- Carlsson Axel C
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- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajus Jose A
- Casanueva Felipe F
- Celikcan Ertugrul
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- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
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- Chan Queenie
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- Chaturvedi Nish
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- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cisneros Julio Zuniga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L
- Crampin Amelia C
- Crujeiras Ana B
- Csilla Semanova
- Cucu Alexandra M
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V
- D'Arrigo Graziella
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- da Silva Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T
- Danaei Goodarz
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de Leon Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Souza Rildo
- de Wit Tobias F Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D
- DeGennaro Vincent
- Dehghan Abbas
- Delisle Helene
- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deren Katarzyna
- Deschamps Valerie
- Dhana Klodian
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Diaz-Sanchez Maria Elena
- Dika Zivka
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- Doring Angela
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- Duan Jia Li
- Duante Charmaine A
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary B
- Duleva Vesselka
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dumith Samuel C
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Egbagbe Eruke E
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Engle-Stone Reina
- Enguerran Macia
- Erasmus Rajiv T
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G
- Escobedo-de la Pena Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A
- Fall Caroline H
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J
- Ferguson Trevor S
- Fernandes Romulo A
- Fernandez-Berges Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferrario Marco M
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiro Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Fink Gunther
- Fischer Krista
- Foger Bernhard
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M
- Francis Damian K
- Franco Maria do Carmo
- Franco Oscar H
- Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio D
- Fuchs Sandra C
- Fujiati Isti I
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galeone Daniela
- Galfo Myriam
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Garba Jamila Abubakar
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- Garcia-Solano Marta
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gaya Adroaldo Cesar Araujo
- Gaya Anelise Reis
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Geiger Harald
- Geleijnse Johanna M
- Ghaffar Suhaila Abdul
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gill Tiffany K
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Godos Justyna
- Gogen Sibel
- Goldsmith Rebecca A
- Goltzman David
- Gomez Santiago F
- Gomula Aleksandra
- Goncalves Helen
- Gonzalez Angel R
- Gonzalez-Chica David A
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- Gonzalez-Leon Margot
- Gonzalez-Rivas Juan P
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Clicerio
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Maria-Elena
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graca Antonio Pedro
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dusan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G
- Gregg Edward W
- Gregor Ronald D
- Grodzicki Tomasz
- Groholt Else Karin
- Grontved Anders
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Gu Dongfeng
- Gualdi-Russo Emanuela
- Guallar-Castillon Pilar
- Gualtieri Andrea
- Gudmundsson Elias F
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guerrero Ramiro
- Guessous Idris
- Guimaraes Andre L
- Gulliford Martin C
- Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna
- Gunter Marc J
- Guo Xiu-Hua
- Guo Yin
- Gupta Prakash C
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gureje Oye
- Gurzkowska Beata
- Gutierrez Laura
- Gutierrez-Gonzalez Enrique
- Gutzwiller Felix
- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjaer Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu AM
- Hantunen Sari
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hassapidou Maria
- Hata Jun
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- He Jiang
- He Yuan
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- Heinen Mirjam
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- Herrala Sauli
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- Herter-Aeberli Isabelle
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- Homayounfar Reza
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- Hopman Wilma M
- Horimoto Andrea RVR
- Hormiga Claudia M
- Horta Bernardo L
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta Jose Maria
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Iacoviello Licia
- Ibarluzea Jesus M
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- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
- Iotova Violeta
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- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iurilli Maria LC
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- Jamil Kazi M
- Jamrozik Konrad
- Janszky Imre
- Janus Edward
- Jarani Juel
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelakovic Ana
- Jelakovic Bojan
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- Kameli Yves
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- Khalili Davood
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- Khang Young-Ho
- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse MSL
- Khuong Quynh Long
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- Klimek Magdalena
- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
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- Konig Jurgen
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Korzycka Magdalena
- Kos Jelena
- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria A
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krokstad Steiner
- Kromhout Daan
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- Kubinova Ruzena
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- Kumar R Krishna
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- Kyobutungi Catherine
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- Laatikainen Tiina
- Lachat Carl
- Laid Youcef
- Lam Tai Hing
- Lambrinou Christina-Paulina
- Landais Edwige
- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
- Larijani Bagher
- Latt Tint Swe
- Lauria Laura
- Laxmaiah Avula
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- Lazo-Porras Maria
- Le Port Agnes
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- Linneberg Allan
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- Litwin Mieczyslaw
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- Liu Lijuan
- Lo Wei-Cheng
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- Lopes Luis
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
- Lopez-Garcia Esther
- Lotufo Paulo A
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- Lukrafka Janice L
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
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- Maniego Lynell V
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- Margozzini Paula
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- Marques Larissa Pruner
- Marques-Vidal Pedro
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- Martin Rosemarie
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- Morejon Alain
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- Nordendahl Maria
- Nordestgaard Borge G
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- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
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- Wang Xiangjun
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- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
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- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
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- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
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- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
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- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adams RJ
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- Afsana K
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- Yiallouros PK
- Yngve A
- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilova H
- Zapata ME
- Zaw KK
- Zdrojewski T
- Zeng Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao W
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zhussupov B
- Zimmermann E
- Zuniga Cisneros J
- Publication venue
- NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
- Publication date
- 09/05/2019
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assunção Maria Cecília F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicová Mária
- Avi Shina
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barceló Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloísa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Andersen Lars
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P
- Bojesen Stig E
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerová Radka Taxová
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda João
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M
- Brian Garry R
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas José
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario V
- Capková Nadežda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C
- Carlsson Axel C
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajús José A
- Casanueva Felipe F
- Cañete Felicia
- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique W
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque María-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cisneros Julio Zuñiga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L
- Crampin Amelia C
- Crujeiras Ana B
- Csilla Semánová
- Cucu Alexandra M
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V
- Czenczek-Lewandowska Ewelina
- Cândido Ana Paula C
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- da Silva Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de León Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Souza Wanderley Júnior Rildo
- de Wit Tobias F Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D
- Dehghan Abbas
- del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez María
- Delisle Hélène
- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Dereń Katarzyna
- Deschamps Valérie
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Djordjic Visnja
- do Carmo Franco Maria
- Do Ha TP
- Dobson Annette J
- Donati Maria Benedetta
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Donoso Silvana P
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dorosty Ahmad Reza
- dos Santos Henrique Rafael
- Doua Kouamelan
- Dragano Nico
- Drygas Wojciech
- Duante Charmaine A
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary B
- Duleva Vesselka
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dumith Samuel C
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Díaz-Sánchez María Elena
- Döring Angela
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Egbagbe Eruke E
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Ei K Nang Ei
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Engle-Stone Reina
- Enguerran Macia
- Erasmus Rajiv T
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A
- Fall Caroline H
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J
- Ferguson Trevor S
- Fernandes Romulo A
- Fernández-Bergés Daniel
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- Ferreccio Catterina
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- Virtanen Jyrki K
- Visser Marjolein
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vladulescu Mihaela
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vocanec Dorja
- Vollenweider Peter
- Voutilainen Ari
- Voutilainen Sari
- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja GM
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Völzke Henry
- Wade Alisha N
- Wagner Aline
- Waldhör Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilová Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Ängquist Lars
- Łuszczki Edyta
- Ševcíková Ludmila
- Publication venue
- eLife Sciences Publications
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez L.
- Abdeen Z.A.
- Abdrakhmanova S.
- Abdul Ghaffar S.
- Abdul Hamid Z.
- Abu-Rmeileh N.M.
- Abubakar Garba J.
- Acosta-Cazares B.
- Adams R.J.
- Aekplakorn W.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
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- Twig G
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- Tzala E
- Tzotzas T
- Tzourio C
- Udoji N
- Ueda P
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- Ulmer H
- Unal B
- Usupova Z
- Uusitalo HMT
- Uysal N
- Vaitkeviciute J
- Valdivia G
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- Van der Heyden J
- van der Schouw YT
- Van Herck K
- Van Lippevelde W
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- Van Schoor NM
- van Valkengoed IGM
- Vanderschueren D
- Vanuzzo D
- Varbo A
- Varela-Moreiras G
- Vargas LN
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- Vasan SK
- Vasques DG
- Vatasescu R
- Vega T
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- Velasquez-Melendez G
- Velika B
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- Vioque J
- Viriyautsahakul N
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- Visvikis-Siest S
- Viswanathan B
- Vladulescu M
- Vlasoff T
- Vocanec D
- Vollenweider P
- Vourli G
- Voutilainen A
- Vrijheid M
- Vrijkotte TGM
- Vuletić S
- Völzke H
- Wade AN
- Waldhör T
- Walton J
- Wambiya EOA
- Wan Bebakar WM
- Wan Mohamud WN
- Wanderley Júnior RDS
- Wang C
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- Wang Q
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- Wang Y-W
- Wang YX
- Wannamethee SG
- Wareham N
- Wartha O
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- Wedderkopp N
- Weghuber D
- Wei W
- Weres A
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- Westbury LD
- Whincup PH
- Wichstrøm L
- Wickramasinghe K
- Widhalm K
- Widyahening IS
- Wild PS
- Wilks RJ
- Willeit J
- Willeit P
- Williams J
- Wilsgaard T
- Wirth JP
- Więcek A
- Wojtyniak B
- Woldeyohannes M
- Wolf K
- Wong A
- Wong EB
- Wong JE
- Wong TY
- Wong-McClure RA
- Woo J
- Woodward M
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- Wu H-Y
- Wu J
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- Xu H
- Xu L
- Yaacob NA
- Yamborisut U
- Yan L
- Yan W
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- Yang Y
- Yardim N
- Yasuharu T
- Yiallouros PK
- Yngve A
- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- Yotov Y
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yu Y
- Yu Y-L
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yépez García M
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilová H
- Zapata ME
- Zargar AH
- Zaw KK
- Zayed AA
- Zdrojewski T
- Zejglicova K
- Zeljkovic Vrkic T
- Zeng Y
- Zentai A
- Zhang B
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
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- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
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- Zimmet P
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- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
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- Zuñiga Cisneros J
- Ängquist L
- Ågren Å
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- Łuszczki E
- Šalaj S
- Ševčíková Ľ
- Żegleń M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
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Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abril GL
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
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- Adam I
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AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p
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