Molecular detection of Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus at different stages of wine production

Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus belong to acetic acid bacteria (AAB), associated with wine spoilage. The timely detection of AAB, thought essential for their control, is however challenging due to the difficulties of their isolation. Thus, it would be advantageous to detect them using molecular methods at all stages of winemaking and storage. In this paper, we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions with Protected Geographical Indication of the Republic of Moldova for the presence of AAB, Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus by real-time PCR and measured wine volatile acidity. Overall, the AAB content in the mature wine explained 33.7% of the variance in the volatile acidity of the mature wine, while the A. pasteurianus content in the mature wine alone explained 59.6% of the variability in the volatile acidity in the wine, and its content in the grapes, must and wine explained about 70% of the variance in the the volatile acidity. This makes A. pasteurianus a good candidate to be a potential predictor of wine volatile acidity

Notalardan sandıklara: sağ partilerin seçim şarkılarının incelenmesi (1987-1999)

This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-21).Bu çalışmada 1987-1999 yılları arasında sağ siyasi partilerin Türkiye Genel Seçimlerinde kullanılan seçim şarkılarının partilerin politikalarını nasıl ve ne derece temsil ettiklerini, güncel olaylara atıfta bulunup bulunmadıklarını ve seçim sonuçlarında etkili olup olmadıklarını incelenecektir. Sağ partilere odaklanılmasının nedeni seçim şarkısı kullanımının daha yaygın olmasıdır. Bahsedilen siyasi partiler: Anavatan Partisi (ANAP), Doğru Yol Partisi (DYP), Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP), Refah Partisi (RP), ve Fazilet Partisi (FP)’dir. Seçim şarkılarının seçimlerdeki rolünü aktarabilmek için seçimler ve dönemin politik yapısı verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak seçim şarkılarının propaganda aracı olmanın yanı sıra liderlerin imajlarında ve dönemin olaylarının yorumlanmasında etkili araçlar oldukları belirlenmiştir.This study analyzes election songs of right-wing political parties from 1987 to 1999 regarding how and how much they reflect their policies, if they talk about current issues, and if they affect the election results. The reason for the focus on right-wing parties is the election song tradition being more prominent in these parties. The parties mentioned in this study include the Motherland Party (MP), True Path Party (TPP), Nationalist Movement Party (NMP), Welfare Party (WP), and Virtue Party (VP). The main conclusion drawn from this study is that election songs are, along with propaganda tools, effective on the reputations of parties' leaders and interpretations of significant events of that era.by Abdürrahim Öze

Determination and implementation of the law applicable to blockchain-based smart contracts in private international law

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-238).Bu çalışmanın amacı, blokzinciri teknolojisi ile işlem hacmi ve çeşitliliği oldukça genişleyen akıllı sözleşmelere uygulanacak hukukun tespitini incelemektedir. Çalışma, salt zincir içi akıllı sözleşmelere indirgenmiş olup, teknik açıklamalar ile başlamakta ve blokzincirine dayalı akıllı sözleşmelerin milletlerarası özel hukuk kapsamında incelenme ihtiyacını, yabancılık unsuru ve vasıflandırma konularıyla açıklamaktadır. Blokzincirine dayalı akıllı sözleşmelere uygulanacak hukuku tespite ilişkin bağlayıcı bir uluslararası metnin hâlihazırda bulunmadığı ortaya konduktan sonra söz konusu işlemler açısından geleneksel kanunlar ihtilâfı kurallarının uygulanabilirliği incelenmiştir. Geleneksel kuralların yetersizliğine dikkat çekilmesinin akabinde, sisteme özgü bağlama noktaları ve oluşabilecek olası yeknesak kurallar incelenmiş ve bu kapsamda birtakım öneriler getirilmiştir. Lex causae kapsamında bulunan ve bulunmayan konular incelendikten sonra çalışma, akıllı sözleşmelere uygulanacak hukuka dair kanunlar ihtilâfı kuralı önerisiyle sona erdirilmiştir.This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing law of the smart contracts, considering the substantial growth in their transaction volume and complexity driven by advancements in blockchain technology. Focusing exclusively on on-chain smart contracts, this study begins with technical insights and proceeds to justify the necessity of analyzing blockchain-based smart contracts within the framework of private international law, particularly in relation to issues of foreign elements and legal characterization. In light of the absence of a binding international legal framework applicable to blockchain-based smart contracts, the analysis turns to traditional private international law principles to evaluate their adequacy in determining the law applicable to disputes arising from these transactions. In response to the inadequacy of traditional rules, the study explores system specific connecting factors and the prospect of emerging uniform norms, offering a series of recommendations based on these findings. Following an analysis of issues both within and beyond the lex causae, the study concludes by proposing a conflict of laws rule to determine the law applicable to smart contracts.by Elçin Akta

Kuruluşundan 2000’lere TOKİ ile Toplu Konut Fonu’nun Türkiye’de konutlaşmadaki rolü ve etkisi

This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 18-20).Bu makalede, Toplu Konut İdaresi’nin (TOKİ) kuruluş süreci ve sonrasındaki ekonomik ve toplumsal etkileri ile geçirdiği dönüşüm süreci ele alınmaktadır. Makalemizde, cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze kadar olan süreçte, konut politikalarının gelişimi ele alınarak, TOKİ’nin 1984-2000 yılları arasındaki kredi destekli modeli ile 2002 yılı sonrasında doğrudan inşaat üretimine yönelen yaklaşımı karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmamızda, dönemin TOKİ Konut Kredileri Daire Başkanı Eren Yıldırım’ın tanık olduklarından yola çıkılarak, TOKİ’nin sosyal devlet anlayışı göz önünde bulundurularak Türkiye’deki işlevi değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, 1992 Erzincan ve 1999 Marmara depremleri sonrası TOKİ’nin afet yönetimi ve afet sonrasındaki rolü ve 2001 Ekonomik Krizi sonrası yaşanan yapısal değişiklikler ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. TOKİ’nin özellikle dar gelirli vatandaşlara sağladığı katkılar, gecekondulaşmaya karşı geliştirdiği politikalar ve eleştirilen uygulamaları, makalenin ana başlıklarını ve odaklandığı noktaları oluşturmaktadır.This article examines the establishment process of the Housing Development Administration of Turkey (TOKİ), its economic and social impacts, and the transformation it has undergone over time. The study analyzes the development of housing policies in Turkey from the foundation of the Republic to the present day, with a particular focus on comparing TOKİ’s credit-based housing model between 1984 and 2000 and its shift to direct housing production after 2002. 3 Based on the testimonies of Eren Yıldırım, the former Head of the Housing Loans Department at TOKİ, the article evaluates the institution’s role within the framework of the social state approach. It also explores TOKİ’s role in disaster management and post-disaster reconstruction, particularly following the 1992 Erzincan and 1999 Marmara earthquakes, as well as the structural changes that occurred after the 2001 economic crisis. The main focus areas of the article include TOKİ’s contributions to low-income citizens, its strategies against informal housing (gecekondu), and its controversial practices.by Abdürrahim Öze

Protesto tehdidi altında medya sansürü

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-38).In this thesis, we study, both theoretically and empirically, how polarization affects media freedom when the ruler faces a protest threat. The protest is modeled as a global game, and the ruler censors the media to thwart it, which is costly for the ruler. We show that under this setting, an increase in polarization leads to an increase in media censorship. Using two different measures of polar ization and protest data, we provide suggestive empirical evidence that validates the model’s main result.by Koralp Kaba

A process model for AI-enabled software development: a synthesis from validation studies in white literature

**Context:** With the fast advancement of techniques in artificial intelligence (AI) and of the target infrastructures in the last decades, AI software is becoming an undeniable part of software system projects. As in most cases in history, however, development methods and guides follow the advancements in technology with phase differences. **Purpose:** With an aim to elicit and integrate available evidence from AI software development practices into a process model, this study synthesizes the contributions of the validation studies reported in scientific literature. **Method:** We applied a systematic literature review to retrieve, select, and analyze the primary studies. After a comprehensive and rigorous search and scoping review, we identified 82 studies that make various contributions in relation to AI software development practices. To increase the effectiveness of the synthesis and the usefulness of the outcome, for detailed analysis, we selected 14 primary studies (out of 82) that empirically validated their contributions. **Results:** We carefully reviewed the selected studies that validate proposals on approaches/models, methods/techniques, tasks/phases, lessons learned/best practices, or workflows. We mapped the steps/activities in these proposals with the knowledge areas in SWEBOK, and using the evidence in this mapping and the primary studies, we synthesized a process model that integrates activities, artifacts, and roles for AI-enabled software system development. **Cunclusion:** To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that proposes such a process model by eliciting and gathering the contributions of the validation studies in a bottom-up manner. We expect that the output of this synthesis will be input for further research to validate or improve the process model

Conceptual model generation of the relationship between digital marketing capability and business performance: evidence from Turkey

PurposeThe study develops a model that associates digital marketing capabilities with customer relations orientation, technology orientation and social customer relationship management (CRM) competence with business performance, considering market environment factors. It also aims to contribute to the literature with dynamic capability theory by testing this model.Design/methodology/approachThe model suggested is tested by data obtained online from a sample of 178 Turkish companies that use digital marketing tools. The data obtained were analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM).FindingsIn this study, it has been determined that digital marketing capabilities affect business performance. Also, a positive moderating effect of dynamism is seen in the relationship of digital marketing capabilities with business performance. Also, technology orientation, social CRM competence and customer relations orientation affect and explain digital marketing capabilities as antecedents.Research limitations/implicationsThe study only focuses on Turkish companies, and no distinction has been made in terms of business type/size. Also, since this research was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, the data may have been affected by this period.Originality/valueContextual and methodological research gaps still exist in digital marketing capabilities literature. This study is evaluating Turkish companies' digital marketing capabilities with business performance, and in the context of Turkey, it is important for other developing countries with a similar market environment. Also, it contributes to the dynamic capabilities theory literature by constructing a novel conceptual model examining the relationship among dynamic digital marketing capabilities, their antecedents and business performance

The Poetic of the fragment: Raymond Carver and social class

Short stories by Raymond Carver depict working-class characters, routinely afflicted with adversities like unemployment, alcoholism, and divorce, in unusually brief and uncompromisingly descriptive narratives that give the impression of loose fragments incapable of cohering into integrated works of fiction. This study examines Carver's narrative style as a distinctive type of literary poetic that produces its own kind of coherence and integration. Rooted in the material constraints of the blue-collar environment in which Carver lived and wrote, his poetic of the fragment does not passively replicate these constraints but actively appropriates them to develop a unique form of storytelling

Ergen ve genç erişkin nüfusta çevresel risk faktörlerin çalışma belleği sırasındaki nöral aktivasyon ve dinlenim halindeki fonksiyonel bağlantı üzerindeki etkisi ile psikoz eğilimine ilişkin etkileri

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-155)Experiencing symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations, is sometimes observed in the general, nonclinical populations in a mild form, and is often termed psychosis proneness (PP), potentially as part of the psychosis contin uum. Understanding the neural, environmental and cognitive factors contributing to PP in young individuals during critical developmental periods remains unclear. Environmental risk correlations, causal factors, and neural correlates of psychosis proneness were investigated using fMRI during both task performance and rest ing state. To this end, three different studies were conducted. The first study examined the relationship between environmental risk factors including ethnic minority or migration history, obstetric complications, paternal age, urbanicity, trauma, cannabis use, and psychosis proneness and schizotypy using multilevel mixed effects linear regression. Additionally, schemas about the self and others were used to predict psychosis proneness and schizotypy, alongside an exploration of its neural correlates during working memory performance. In the second study, we used a data-driven approach, causal discovery analysis (CDA), a novel ma chine learning algorithm, to explore directional relationships among variables. The analysis identified negative self-schema as having the largest causal effect on psychosis proneness among all assessments. Furthermore, experiencing low levels of social cohesion and trust had a causal effect on psychosis proneness. Although our analysis could not exclude the possibility that other unmeasured factors may confound these relationships, the effect sizes (ES) were substantial: negative self-schema & PPS (ES= 0.54) and social cohesion and trust & PPS (ES=-0.18). Moreover, PPS was identified as a direct cause of increased activa tion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during working memory (ES= 0.12). CDA provided simultaneous directionality for 37 variables measured in the same individuals. Finally, in the third study, we applied CDA to a dataset that included resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) indices, with two differ ent configurations of prior knowledge. Negative self-schema and social cohesion & trust again emerged as a direct causal factor for psychosis proneness. However, psychosis proneness did not appear to influence mean FC indices during rest. Instead, it directly affected specific functional connections within the dorsal at tention network. These findings highlight the significance of negative self-schema and social cohesion and trust in the general population with psychosis proneness, suggesting potential preventive interventions targeting these factors. Further more, the results highlight the roles of the DLPFC during working memory and the dorsal attention network during rest as a potential targets for understanding and addressing psychosis proneness. These findings represent the first data-driven analysis modelling causal mechanisms underlying psychosis proneness in the gen eral population and further supports the hypothesis of continuum of psychosis.Tuba Şahin İlikoğl

Çok-etiketli veri akışlarının etiket önceliklendirmesi ile verimli sınıflandırılması

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-35).Real-time data processing systems generate huge amounts of data that need to be classified. The volume, variety, velocity, and veracity (uncertainty) of this data necessitate new approaches and the adaptation of existing classification methods. Moreover, the arriving data can belong to more than one class at the same time. As the number of labels grows larger, a significant portion of the multi-label data stream classification methods become computationally inefficient. We propose a novel online approach: the Prioritized Binary Transformation (PBT) method, which can classify data with large numbers of labels by ordering the labels using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) within a fixed-size window. This order is then used to transform the label vectors for classification. We perform an empirical analysis on 12 datasets and compare PBT to four prominent baselines using four evaluation metrics. PBT achieves the best average ranking in three of the four evaluation metrics. Moreover, we investigate efficiency under average execution time per data item and memory consumption where PBT achieves second and first average rankings, respectively.by Onur Yıldırı