Ergen ve genç erişkin nüfusta çevresel risk faktörlerin çalışma belleği sırasındaki nöral aktivasyon ve dinlenim halindeki fonksiyonel bağlantı üzerindeki etkisi ile psikoz eğilimine ilişkin etkileri

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-155)Experiencing symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations, is sometimes observed in the general, nonclinical populations in a mild form, and is often termed psychosis proneness (PP), potentially as part of the psychosis contin uum. Understanding the neural, environmental and cognitive factors contributing to PP in young individuals during critical developmental periods remains unclear. Environmental risk correlations, causal factors, and neural correlates of psychosis proneness were investigated using fMRI during both task performance and rest ing state. To this end, three different studies were conducted. The first study examined the relationship between environmental risk factors including ethnic minority or migration history, obstetric complications, paternal age, urbanicity, trauma, cannabis use, and psychosis proneness and schizotypy using multilevel mixed effects linear regression. Additionally, schemas about the self and others were used to predict psychosis proneness and schizotypy, alongside an exploration of its neural correlates during working memory performance. In the second study, we used a data-driven approach, causal discovery analysis (CDA), a novel ma chine learning algorithm, to explore directional relationships among variables. The analysis identified negative self-schema as having the largest causal effect on psychosis proneness among all assessments. Furthermore, experiencing low levels of social cohesion and trust had a causal effect on psychosis proneness. Although our analysis could not exclude the possibility that other unmeasured factors may confound these relationships, the effect sizes (ES) were substantial: negative self-schema & PPS (ES= 0.54) and social cohesion and trust & PPS (ES=-0.18). Moreover, PPS was identified as a direct cause of increased activa tion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during working memory (ES= 0.12). CDA provided simultaneous directionality for 37 variables measured in the same individuals. Finally, in the third study, we applied CDA to a dataset that included resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) indices, with two differ ent configurations of prior knowledge. Negative self-schema and social cohesion & trust again emerged as a direct causal factor for psychosis proneness. However, psychosis proneness did not appear to influence mean FC indices during rest. Instead, it directly affected specific functional connections within the dorsal at tention network. These findings highlight the significance of negative self-schema and social cohesion and trust in the general population with psychosis proneness, suggesting potential preventive interventions targeting these factors. Further more, the results highlight the roles of the DLPFC during working memory and the dorsal attention network during rest as a potential targets for understanding and addressing psychosis proneness. These findings represent the first data-driven analysis modelling causal mechanisms underlying psychosis proneness in the gen eral population and further supports the hypothesis of continuum of psychosis.Tuba Şahin İlikoğl

Multi-armed bandits with costly probes

Multi-armed bandits is a sequential decision-making problem where an agent must choose between multiple actions to maximize its cumulative reward over time, while facing uncertainty about the rewards associated with each action. The challenge lies in balancing the exploration of potentially higher-rewarding actions with the exploitation of known high-reward actions. We consider a multi-armed bandit problem with probes, where before pulling an arm, the decision-maker is allowed to probe one of the K arms for a cost $c\geq 0$ to observe its reward. We introduce a new regret definition that is based on the expected reward of the optimal action. We develop UCBP, a novel algorithm that utilizes this strategy to achieve a gap-independent regret upper bound that scales with the number of rounds T as $O(\sqrt {KT\log T})$, and an order optimal gap-dependent upper bound of $O(K\log T)$. As a baseline, we introduce UCB-naive-probe, a naive UCB-based approach which has a gap-independent regret upper bound of $O(K\sqrt {T\log T})$, and gap-dependent regret bound of $O(K^{2}\log T)$; and TSP, the Thompson sampling version of UCBP. In empirical simulations, UCBP outperforms UCB-naive-probe, and performs similarly to TSP, verifying the utility of UCBP and TSP algorithms in practical settings

The Poetic of the fragment: Raymond Carver and social class

Short stories by Raymond Carver depict working-class characters, routinely afflicted with adversities like unemployment, alcoholism, and divorce, in unusually brief and uncompromisingly descriptive narratives that give the impression of loose fragments incapable of cohering into integrated works of fiction. This study examines Carver's narrative style as a distinctive type of literary poetic that produces its own kind of coherence and integration. Rooted in the material constraints of the blue-collar environment in which Carver lived and wrote, his poetic of the fragment does not passively replicate these constraints but actively appropriates them to develop a unique form of storytelling

No quantum solutions to linear constraint systems in odd dimension from pauli group and diagonal cliffords

Linear constraint systems (LCS) have proven to be a surprisingly prolific tool in the study of non-classical correlations and various related issues in quantum foundations. Many results are known for the Boolean case, yet the generalisation to systems of odd dimension is largely open. In particular, it is not known whether there exist LCS in odd dimension, which admit finite-dimensional quantum, but no classical solutions. In recent work, [J. Phys. A, 53, 385304 (2020)] have shown that unlike in the Boolean case, where the n-qubit Pauli group gives rise to quantum solutions of LCS such as the Mermin-Peres square, the n-qudit Pauli group never gives rise to quantum solutions of a LCS in odd dimension. Here, we generalise this result towards the Clifford hierarchy. More precisely, we consider tensor products of groups generated by (single-qudit) Pauli and diagonal Clifford operators. © 2025 Verein zur Forderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften

Sovyetler Birliği’nin Ahıska Türklerine Baskısı ve 1944 sürgünü

This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (page 15).Ahıska Türkleri, 1829 yılında Çarlık Rusya’nın bölgeyi işgal etmesiyle başlayan süreçte sistemli baskı, dışlanma ve asimilasyon politikalarına maruz kalmıştır. 14 Kasım 1944 tarihinde Sovyetler Birliği tarafından gerçekleştirilen sürgünle, hiçbir açıklama yapılmaksızın evlerinden alınmış ve hayvan-yük vagonlarında zor şartlar altında Kazakistan, Özbekistan ve Kırgızistan’a gönderilmişlerdir. Bu sürgün süreci sırasında binlerce kişi yaşamını yitirmiş, hayatta kalanlar ise sürgün bölgelerinde sıkıyönetim rejimi altında, ağır sosyal ve ekonomik koşullarda yaşam mücadelesi vermek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Ahıska Türklerinin sürgün öncesinde maruz kaldığı baskılar, 1944 sürgünü ve sırasında yaşanan zorluklarla birlikte sonrasında yerleştirildikleri ülkelerde karşılaştıkları iskan politikaları ile bu sürecin onların sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yaşamlarına olan etkileri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada, sürgüne dair Sovyet arşiv belgelerinden, Rusya’nın baskıcı uygulamaları sebebiyle 1932 yılında Türkiye’ye göç eden Muhlis Akçil ve Türkiye’ye vardıklarında yanlarına yerleştikleri Aynur Akçil ile yapılan röportajlardan, konuya dair akademik çalışmalar, kitaplar ve sürgün tanıklarının anlatılarını içeren belgesellerden yararlanılmıştır.The Meskhetian Turks were subjected to systematic oppression, exclusion, and assimilation policies following the occupation of their region by Tsarist Russia in 1829. On November 14, 1944, they were forcefully deported by the Soviet Union without any explanation and transported under harsh conditions in livestock and freight wagons to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. During this deportation process, thousands of people lost their lives, while the survivors were forced to live under a strict martial law regime, enduring severe social and economic hardships. This study examines the pressures faced by Meskhetian Turks prior to the deportation, the difficulties experienced during the 1944 deportation, and the settlement policies imposed on them in the countries to which they were relocated, as well as the social, cultural, and economic impacts of this process. The research draws upon Soviet archival documents related to the deportation, interviews with Muhlis Akçil – who migrated to Turkey in 1932 due to oppressive Russian policies – and Aynur Akçil, with whom his family stayed upon arrival in Turkey, as well as academic studies, books, and documentaries featuring testimonies of deportation survivors.by İbrahim Mert Öztür

Complete urbanization in Ayvalık and urban ecological movements

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-128).Cataloged from PDF version of article.Over the past three decades, the vast expansion of urban areas driven by neoliberal policies has drastically transformed the interactions between ‘urban society’ and ‘nature,’ intensifying existing environmental conflicts. Therefore, the restructured socio-urban environment as part of what Lefebvre described as “complete urbanization,” calls for new conceptualizations and scopes within environmental movements from a radical perspective, necessitating a re-exploration of the understanding and definition of nature. Accordingly, this study introduces the concept of urban ecological movements, which is defined as the forms of resistance shaped under conditions of complete urbanization and the increasing incorporation of non-urban spaces into neoliberal urban development. In order to discuss this changing relationship between urban and non-urban spaces under the conditions of complete urbanization, the study is grounded in the literature of right to the city, urban social movements, environmental movements and the framework of urban political ecology. Using a critical urban political ecology framework, it examines the interplay between neoliberal urbanization, urban nature, and socio-ecological resistance. To conduct this research, Ayvalık, a coastal town under the governance of Balıkesir Metropolitan Municipality, is scrutinized as a case study. Ayvalık is designated both as an ‘urban conservation area’ for its historic port and traditional settlement and a ‘natural and historic conservation area’ for its olive groves. Its proximity to the metropolitan areas, especially Istanbul, makes it a striking example to discuss the actors of resistance and the network generated among them. Ayvalık exemplifies a contested environment, where local resistance engages with regional, national, and even global urban and environmental issues. The specificities explored through the case allow for a grounded discussion on the neoliberal mode of urbanization and the relentless production and exploitation of urban nature, argued to be driven by social and political policies. The scope of the research is limited to the past decade, a period that has witnessed significant impetus in ecological movements, marked by the Gezi Park Protests, opposing neoliberal urban policies pursued by power-holders. By analysing the socio-political and environmental consequences of complete urbanization in the last decade, the research highlights how conscious and organized urban ecological activism of complete urbanization actively claims the right to the city and nature as both working slogans and political ideals against neoliberal restructuring of space.by Bilgesu Seve

Conceptual model generation of the relationship between digital marketing capability and business performance: evidence from Turkey

PurposeThe study develops a model that associates digital marketing capabilities with customer relations orientation, technology orientation and social customer relationship management (CRM) competence with business performance, considering market environment factors. It also aims to contribute to the literature with dynamic capability theory by testing this model.Design/methodology/approachThe model suggested is tested by data obtained online from a sample of 178 Turkish companies that use digital marketing tools. The data obtained were analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM).FindingsIn this study, it has been determined that digital marketing capabilities affect business performance. Also, a positive moderating effect of dynamism is seen in the relationship of digital marketing capabilities with business performance. Also, technology orientation, social CRM competence and customer relations orientation affect and explain digital marketing capabilities as antecedents.Research limitations/implicationsThe study only focuses on Turkish companies, and no distinction has been made in terms of business type/size. Also, since this research was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, the data may have been affected by this period.Originality/valueContextual and methodological research gaps still exist in digital marketing capabilities literature. This study is evaluating Turkish companies' digital marketing capabilities with business performance, and in the context of Turkey, it is important for other developing countries with a similar market environment. Also, it contributes to the dynamic capabilities theory literature by constructing a novel conceptual model examining the relationship among dynamic digital marketing capabilities, their antecedents and business performance

Çok-etiketli veri akışlarının etiket önceliklendirmesi ile verimli sınıflandırılması

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-35).Real-time data processing systems generate huge amounts of data that need to be classified. The volume, variety, velocity, and veracity (uncertainty) of this data necessitate new approaches and the adaptation of existing classification methods. Moreover, the arriving data can belong to more than one class at the same time. As the number of labels grows larger, a significant portion of the multi-label data stream classification methods become computationally inefficient. We propose a novel online approach: the Prioritized Binary Transformation (PBT) method, which can classify data with large numbers of labels by ordering the labels using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) within a fixed-size window. This order is then used to transform the label vectors for classification. We perform an empirical analysis on 12 datasets and compare PBT to four prominent baselines using four evaluation metrics. PBT achieves the best average ranking in three of the four evaluation metrics. Moreover, we investigate efficiency under average execution time per data item and memory consumption where PBT achieves second and first average rankings, respectively.by Onur Yıldırı

Productive and unproductive effort choices in groups and sharing: an experimental study

Agents in collaborative relationships (e.g., business partnership and co-authorship) frequently need to decide on the allocation of limited resources (e.g., time and money) to productive activities that increase the size of the joint surplus and unproductive, promotional activities that do not affect the size of the surplus but increase their (individual) likelihood of capturing a greater control/share of the surplus. Using a laboratory experiment, we first analyze the effect of the opportunity cost of unproductive investment on subjects' resource allocation decisions in the first stage. Second, we study whether (i) the opportunity cost of unproductive investment and (ii) the identity of the decision-maker (human or computer) affect subjects' distributive decisions in the second stage. Three main insights emerge from our experiment: First, we find that subjects choose productive and unproductive investments equally likely both in low and high opportunity cost treatments. Second, subjects give less to their matched pairs if they choose unproductive investment in human treatment but not in computer treatment that suggests that subjects punish (by giving less) their matched pairs for allocating more resources to unproductive, promotional activities, a behavior that is not present when the allocation decision is made by a computer

Protesto tehdidi altında medya sansürü

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-38).In this thesis, we study, both theoretically and empirically, how polarization affects media freedom when the ruler faces a protest threat. The protest is modeled as a global game, and the ruler censors the media to thwart it, which is costly for the ruler. We show that under this setting, an increase in polarization leads to an increase in media censorship. Using two different measures of polar ization and protest data, we provide suggestive empirical evidence that validates the model’s main result.by Koralp Kaba