ESTADO SITUACIONAL DE LA FORMACIÓN DE PROFESORES DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA EN TABASCO

The educative policies in Tabasco during the last 20 years have paid special emphasis on the formation of teachers for junior education. Nevertheless, the results obtained are not positive. This state occupies 29º. This place has been gotten in the last evaluations done by the country in the fact of junior education. This situation provoked a need to ask oneself a set of questions, seeking for the cause, and of course, a question centered on the work of teachers and their results. This caused the necessity to carry out an investigation about: “Present-day situation in the formation of teachers for junior education in Tabasco, Mexico.” It is supported by the mixed funds “ONACYT” and Juárez University autonomous from Tabasco, whose user is the secretary of state education.  Las políticas educativas en Tabasco durante los últimos 20 años han puesto especial énfasis en la formación de los profesores de educación básica. Sin embargo, los resultados no son positivos, el estado, ocupa el 29º. Lugar en las últimas evaluaciones del país en materia de educación básica. Esta situación llevó a plantearse una serie de interrogantes buscando su causa y desde luego una interrogante centrada en el trabajo del profesorado y sus resultados. Lo anterior propició que se realizara una investigación sobre el "Estado situacional de la formación del profesorado de educación básica en el Estado de Tabasco, México". Auspiciada por Fondos Mixtos CONACYT y la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco cuyo usuario es la Secretaría de Educación del Estado

A Lei da Mediação de Conflitos: estudos sobre a sua aplicação

Financiamento de MEDLaw - FCT UIDB/04112/2020.Os dez anos de vigência da Lei da Mediação em Portugal constituíram o mote para a compilação nesta obra de diversos estudos empírico-dogmáticos sobre a sua aplicação, analisando-se questões prementes como a voluntariedade ou obrigatoriedade da mediação, a executoriedade do acordo de mediação e a Convenção de Singapura, as exigências processuais e a suspensão dos prazos de prescrição e caducidade com o recurso à mediação, a organização associativa dos mediadores e a importância da sua formação, o funcionamento dos sistemas públicos de mediação, bem como novas áreas de aplicação da mediação, em especial no domínio administrativo e na recuperação extrajudicial de empresas, e ainda a relevância do desenvolvimento científico sobre este meio de resolução de conflitos. Ao regulamentar num único diploma, pela primeira vez no nosso ordenamento jurídico, a mediação pública e privada, a Lei n.º 29/2013, de 19 de abril, constituiu um marco legislativo. Dez anos volvidos, importava refletir sobre a sua aplicação prático-jurídica, norteados pelo objetivo de promover o estudo e a efetiva implementação da mediação de conflitos em Portugal. Esta obra constitui o output desenvolvido no âmbito do projeto de investigação MEDLAW, com o apoio da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, no âmbito do financiamento base atribuído ao polo de Leiria do Instituto Jurídico Portucalense, com a ref. UIDB/04112/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world