11 research outputs found
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Black Robert
- Bloch Katia V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P
- Bojesen Stig E
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerova Radka Taxova
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda Joao
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M
- Brian Garry R
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas Jose
- Can Gunay
- Candido Ana Paula C
- Canete Felicia
- Capanzana Mario V
- Capkova Nadezda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C
- Carlsson Axel C
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajus Jose A
- Casanueva Felipe F
- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique W
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cisneros Julio Zuniga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L
- Crampin Amelia C
- Crujeiras Ana B
- Csilla Semanova
- Cucu Alexandra M
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- da Silva Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T
- Danaei Goodarz
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de Leon Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Souza Rildo
- de Wit Tobias F Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D
- DeGennaro Vincent
- Dehghan Abbas
- Delisle Helene
- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deren Katarzyna
- Deschamps Valerie
- Dhana Klodian
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Diaz-Sanchez Maria Elena
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Djordjic Visnja
- Do Ha TP
- Dobson Annette J
- Donati Maria Benedetta
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Donoso Silvana P
- Doring Angela
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dorosty Ahmad Reza
- Doua Kouamelan
- Drygas Wojciech
- Duan Jia Li
- Duante Charmaine A
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary B
- Duleva Vesselka
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dumith Samuel C
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Egbagbe Eruke E
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Engle-Stone Reina
- Enguerran Macia
- Erasmus Rajiv T
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G
- Escobedo-de la Pena Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A
- Fall Caroline H
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J
- Ferguson Trevor S
- Fernandes Romulo A
- Fernandez-Berges Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferrario Marco M
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiro Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Fink Gunther
- Fischer Krista
- Foger Bernhard
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M
- Francis Damian K
- Franco Maria do Carmo
- Franco Oscar H
- Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio D
- Fuchs Sandra C
- Fujiati Isti I
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galeone Daniela
- Galfo Myriam
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Garba Jamila Abubakar
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- Garcia-Solano Marta
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gaya Adroaldo Cesar Araujo
- Gaya Anelise Reis
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Geiger Harald
- Geleijnse Johanna M
- Ghaffar Suhaila Abdul
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gill Tiffany K
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Godos Justyna
- Gogen Sibel
- Goldsmith Rebecca A
- Goltzman David
- Gomez Santiago F
- Gomula Aleksandra
- Goncalves Helen
- Gonzalez Angel R
- Gonzalez-Chica David A
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- Gonzalez-Leon Margot
- Gonzalez-Rivas Juan P
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Clicerio
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Maria-Elena
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graca Antonio Pedro
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dusan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G
- Gregg Edward W
- Gregor Ronald D
- Grodzicki Tomasz
- Groholt Else Karin
- Grontved Anders
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Gu Dongfeng
- Gualdi-Russo Emanuela
- Guallar-Castillon Pilar
- Gualtieri Andrea
- Gudmundsson Elias F
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guerrero Ramiro
- Guessous Idris
- Guimaraes Andre L
- Gulliford Martin C
- Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna
- Gunter Marc J
- Guo Xiu-Hua
- Guo Yin
- Gupta Prakash C
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gureje Oye
- Gurzkowska Beata
- Gutierrez Laura
- Gutierrez-Gonzalez Enrique
- Gutzwiller Felix
- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjaer Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu AM
- Hantunen Sari
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hassapidou Maria
- Hata Jun
- Haugsgjerd Teresa
- Hayes Alison J
- He Jiang
- He Yuan
- He Yuna
- Heidinger-Felso Regina
- Heinen Mirjam
- Hejgaard Tatjana
- Hendriks Marleen Elisabeth
- Henrique Rafael dos Santos
- Henriques Ana
- Herrala Sauli
- Herrera Victor M
- Herter-Aeberli Isabelle
- Heshmat Ramin
- Hill Allan G
- Ho Sai Yin
- Ho Suzanne C
- Hoang Van Minh
- Hobbs Michael
- Hofman Albert
- Holdsworth Michelle
- Homayounfar Reza
- Homs Clara
- Hopman Wilma M
- Horimoto Andrea RVR
- Hormiga Claudia M
- Horta Bernardo L
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta Jose Maria
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Iacoviello Licia
- Ibarluzea Jesus M
- Ibrahim Mohsen M
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E
- Ishida Takafumi
- Islam Muhammad
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iurilli Maria LC
- Iwasaki Masanori
- Jackson Rod T
- Jacobs Jeremy M
- Jaddou Hashem Y
- Jafar Tazeen
- James Kenneth
- Jamil Kazi M
- Jamrozik Konrad
- Janszky Imre
- Janus Edward
- Jarani Juel
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelakovic Ana
- Jelakovic Bojan
- Jennings Garry
- Jerome Charles Sossa
- Jha Anjani Kumar
- Jiang Chao Qiang
- Jimenez Ramon O
- Jockel Karl-Heinz
- Joffres Michel
- Johansson Mattias
- Jokelainen Jari J
- Jonas Jost B
- Jonsson Kenisha Russell
- Jorgensen Maja Baeksgaard
- Jorgensen Torben
- Joshi Pradeep
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Jovic Dragana P
- Jozwiak Jacek J
- Junior Wanderley
- Juolevi Anne
- Jurak Gregor
- Juresa Vesna
- Kaaks Rudolf
- Kaducu Felix O
- Kafatos Anthony
- Kajantie Eero O
- Kalmatayeva Zhanna
- Kalter-Leibovici Ofra
- Kameli Yves
- Kanala Kodanda R
- Kannan Srinivasan
- Kapantais Efthymios
- Karki Khem B
- Katibeh Marzieh
- Katz Joanne
- Katzmarzyk Peter T
- Kauhanen Jussi
- Kaur Prabhdeep
- Kavousi Maryam
- Kazakbaeva Gyulli M
- Keil Ulrich
- Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka
- Kelishadi Roya
- Kelleher Cecily
- Kemper Han CG
- Kengne Andre P
- Kengne Andre P
- Keramati Maryam
- Kerimkulova Alina
- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse MSL
- Khuong Quynh Long
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
- Kim Dong Wook
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Kim Jeongseon
- Kindblom Jenny M
- Klakk Heidi
- Klimek Magdalena
- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Koirala Bhawesh
- Kolle Elin
- Kolsteren Patrick
- Konig Jurgen
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Korzycka Magdalena
- Kos Jelena
- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria A
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krokstad Steiner
- Kromhout Daan
- Krtalic Branimir
- Kruger Herculina S
- Kubinova Ruzena
- Kuciene Renata
- Kujala Urho M
- Kujundzic Enisa
- Kulaga Zbigniew
- Kumar R Krishna
- Kumar Rachakulla Hari
- Kunesova Marie
- Kurjata Pawel
- Kusuma Yadlapalli S
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
- Lachat Carl
- Laid Youcef
- Lam Tai Hing
- Lambrinou Christina-Paulina
- Landais Edwige
- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
- Larijani Bagher
- Latt Tint Swe
- Lauria Laura
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Lazo-Porras Maria
- Le Port Agnes
- Le Tuyen D
- Lee Jeannette
- Lee Jeonghee
- Lee Paul H
- Lehmann Nils
- Lehtimaki Terho
- Lele Elysee Claude Bika
- Lemogoum Daniel
- Levitt Naomi S
- Li Yanping
- Liivak Merike
- Lilly Christa L
- Lim Wei-Yen
- Lima-Costa M Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
- Lin Yi-Ting
- Lind Lars
- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
- Liu Lijuan
- Lo Wei-Cheng
- Loit Helle-Mai
- Lopes Luis
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
- Lopez-Garcia Esther
- Lotufo Paulo A
- Lozano Jose Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice L
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lundqvist Robert
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
- Lustigova Michala
- Luszczki Edyta
- Ma Guansheng
- Ma Jun
- Ma Xu
- Machado-Coelho George LL
- Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M
- Machi Suka
- Macieira Luisa M
- Madar Ahmed A
- Maggi Stefania
- Magliano Dianna J
- Magnacca Sara
- Magriplis Emmanuella
- Mahasampath Gowri
- Maire Bernard
- Majer Marjeta
- Makdisse Marcia
- Maki Paivi
- Malekzadeh Fatemeh
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malhotra Rahul
- Malyutina Sofia K
- Maniego Lynell V
- Manios Yannis
- Mann Jim I
- Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
- Manzato Enzo
- Margozzini Paula
- Marina Loreto Santa
- Markaki Anastasia
- Markey Oonagh
- Marques Larissa Pruner
- Marques-Vidal Pedro
- Marrugat Jaume
- Martin Rosemarie
- Martin-Prevel Yves
- Martinez Eduardo Salazar
- Martorell Reynaldo
- Martos Eva
- Marventano Stefano
- Mascarenhas Luis P
- Masoodi Shariq R
- Mathiesen Ellisiv B
- Mathur Prashant
- Matijasevich Alicia
- Matsha Tandi E
- Mavrogianni Christina
- Mazur Artur
- Mbanya Jean Claude N
- McFarlane Shelly R
- McGarvey Stephen T
- McKee Martin
- McLachlan Stela
- McLean Rachael M
- McLean Scott B
- McNulty Breige A
- Mediene-Benchekor Sounnia
- Medzioniene Jurate
- Mehdipour Parinaz
- Mehlig Kirsten
- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisfjord Jorgen
- Meisinger Christa
- Menezes Ana Maria B
- Menon Geetha R
- Mensink Gert BM
- Menzano Maria Teresa
- Mereke Alibek
- Meshram Indrapal I
- Metspalu Andres
- Mi Jie
- Michaelsen Kim F
- Michels Nathalie
- Mikkel Kairit
- Milanovic Sanja Music
- Milkowska Karolina
- Miller Jody C
- Minderico Claudia S
- Mini GK
- Miquel Juan Francisco
- Miranda J Jaime
- Miranda J Jaime
- Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
- Mirkopoulou Daphne
- Mirrakhimov Erkin
- Misigoj-Durakovic Marjeta
- Mistretta Antonio
- Mocanu Veronica
- Modesti Pietro A
- Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi
- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohamed Mostafa K
- Mohamed Shukri F
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon Wan
- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohanna Salim
- Mohebbi Iraj
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitry Marie
- Molbo Drude
- Mollehave Line T
- Moller Niels C
- Molnar Denes
- Momenan Amirabbas
- Mondo Charles K
- Monroy-Valle Michele
- Monterrubio-Flores Eric
- Monyeki Kotsedi Daniel K
- Moon Jin Soo
- Moon Jin Soo
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Moreira Leila B
- Morejon Alain
- Moreno Emma Ruiz
- Moreno Luis A
- Morgan Karen
- Morin Suzanne N
- Mortensen Erik Lykke
- Moschonis George
- Mossakowska Malgorzata
- Mostafa Aya
- Mota Jorge
- Mota-Pinto Anabela
- Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeel
- Motta Jorge
- Moura-dos-Santos Marcos Andre
- Mridha Malay K
- Msyamboza Kelias P
- Muc Magdalena
- Mueller-Nurasyid Martina
- Mugosa Boban
- Muiesan Maria L
- Mukhtorova Parvina
- Murphy Neil
- Mursu Jaakko
- Murtagh Elaine M
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Musil Vera
- Mustafa Norlaila
- Nabipour Iraj
- Naderimagham Shohreh
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naidu Balkish M
- Najafi Farid
- Nakamura Harunobu
- Namesna Jana
- Nang Ei Ei K
- Nangia Vinay B
- Nankap Martin
- Narake Sameer
- Nardone Paola
- Nauck Matthias
- Neal William A
- Nejatizadeh Azim
- Nelis Keiu
- Nelis Liis
- Nenko Ilona
- Neovius Martin
- Nervi Flavio
- Nguyen Chung T
- Nguyen Nguyen D
- Nieto-Martinez Ramfis E
- Nikitin Yury P
- Ning Guang
- Ninomiya Toshiharu
- Nishtar Sania
- Noale Marianna
- Noboa Oscar A
- Nogueira Helena
- Norat Teresa
- Nordendahl Maria
- Nordestgaard Borge G
- Noto Davide
- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
- Nuhoglu Irfan
- Nurk Eha
- O'Neill Terence W
- O'Reilly Dermot
- Obreja Galina
- Ochimana Caleb
- Ochoa-Aviles Angelica M
- Oda Eiji
- Oh Kyungwon
- Ohara Kumiko
- Ohlsson Claes
- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
- Olafsson Orn
- Olinto Maria Teresa A
- Oliveira Isabel O
- Omar Mohd Azahadi
- Onat Altan
- Ong Sok King
- Ono Lariane M
- Ordunez Pedro
- Ornelas Rui
- Ortiz Ana P
- Ortiz Pedro J
- Osler Merete
- Osmond Clive
- Ostojic Sergej M
- Ostovar Afshin
- Otero Johanna A
- Overvad Kim
- Owusu-Dabo Ellis
- Paccaud Fred Michel
- Paciorek Christopher J
- Padez Cristina
- Pagkalos Ioannis
- Pahomova Elena
- Pajak Andrzej
- Palli Domenico
- Palloni Alberto
- Palmieri Luigi
- Pan Wen-Harn
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Arvind
- Panza Francesco
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Park Soon-Woo
- Park Suyeon
- Parnell Winsome R
- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pascanu Ionela M
- Pasquet Patrick
- Patel Nikhil D
- Pednekar Mangesh S
- Peer Nasheeta
- Peixoto Sergio Viana
- Peltonen Markku
- Pereira Alexandre C
- Peres Marco A
- Perez Cynthia M
- Perez-Farinos Napoleon
- Peterkova Valentina
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Pettenuzzo Emanuela
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pichardo Rafael N
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N
- Plans-Rubio Pedro
- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Pop Raluca M
- Popovic Stevo R
- Popovic Stevo R
- Porta Miquel
- Posch Georg
- Poudyal Anil
- Poulimeneas Dimitrios
- Pouraram Hamed
- Pourfarzi Farhad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poustchi Hossein
- Pradeepa Rajendra
- Price Alison J
- Price Jacqueline F
- Providencia Rui
- Puder Jardena J
- Pudule Iveta
- Puhakka Soile E
- Puiu Maria
- Punab Margus
- Qasrawi Radwan F
- Qorbani Mostafa
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- Radic Ivana
- Radisauskas Ricardas
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- Rahimikazerooni Salar
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
- Rakhimova Ellina
- Rakhmatulloev Sherali
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ramachandran Ambady
- Ramke Jacqueline
- Ramos Elisabete
- Ramos Rafel
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- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
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- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Rojroongwasinkul Nipa
- Romaguera Dora
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- Rosario Angelika Schaffrath
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- Rosengren Annika
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- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
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- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sacchini Elena
- Sachdev Harshpal S
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
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- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salmeron Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
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- Sandjaja
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- Santos Diana A
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- Saramies Jouko L
- Sardinha Luis B
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- Schultsz Constance
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- Shayesteh Ali Akbar
- Shengelia Lela
- Shi Zumin
- Shibuya Kenji
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- Shin Dong Wook
- Shin Youchan
- Shirani Majid
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- Shrestha Namuna
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- Siani Alfonso
- Siantar Rosalynn
- Sibai Abla M
- Silva Antonio M
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Simina Iulia Jurca
- Simon Mary
- Simons Judith
- Simons Leon A
- Sjoberg Agneta
- Sjostrom Michael
- Skodje Gry
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Sodemann Morten
- Soderberg Stefan
- Soekatri Moesijanti YE
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Son Thai Pham
- Sonestedt Emily
- Song Yi
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- Sorensen Thorkild IA
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- Sorgjerd Elin P
- Soric Maroje
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- Soto-Rojas Victoria E
- Soumare Aicha
- Sovic Slavica
- Sparboe-Nilsen Bente
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- Stockl Doris
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- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stoyanova Ekaterina
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Suarez-Medina Ramon
- Suka Machi
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- Taddei Cristina
- Tai E Shyong
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- Tan Eng Joo
- Tang Xun
- Tanser Frank
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- Tello Tania
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- Trivedi Atul
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- Usupova Zhamyila
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- Van der Heyden Johan
- van der Schouw Yvonne T
- Van Herck Koen
- van Valkengoed Irene GM
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Varona-Perez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren WM Monique
- Victora Cesar G
- Viegi Giovanni
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K
- Visser Marjolein
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vladulescu Mihaela
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vocanec Dorja
- Volzke Henry
- Voutilainen Ari
- Voutilainen Sari
- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja GM
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N
- Wagner Aline
- Waldhor Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdul Hamid Zargar
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Abhijit Sen
- Abla M Sibai
- Abu Am Hanif
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Adelheid Weber
- Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Adoubi Kassi Anicet
- Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agnes L Kadvan
- Agneta Sjöberg
- Agneta Yngve
- Agnès Le Port
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Agustín Perez-Londoño
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmad Reza Dorosty
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akkumis Salhanova
- Akram Pourshams
- Ala'a Alkerwi
- Alain Morejon
- Alanna G da Silva
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Alberto Palloni
- Albina A Fakhretdinova
- Alejandro Diaz
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Aletta E Schutte
- Alexander D Deev
- Alexandra M Cucu
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Siani
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Alicia Matijasevich
- Alina G Platonova
- Alina Kerimkulova
- Aline Meirhaeghe
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Alison J Hayes
- Alison J Price
- Allan G Hill
- Allan Linneberg
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Aluisio Jd Barros
- Alun Evans
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amanda J Cross
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amelia C Crampin
- Amina Barkat
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana Azevedo
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Barradas-Pires
- Ana Carolina Mgn de Sá
- Ana D González-Alvarez
- Ana Henriques
- Ana I Rito
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana P Ortiz
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anabela Mota-Pinto
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anastasia Markaki
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre L Guimaraes
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea Gualtieri
- Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez
- Andrea Rvr Horimoto
- Andrea Schneider
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andrea Zentai
- Andreas Stang
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Reynolds
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Andrzej Pająk
- Andrzej Więcek
- Anelise Reis Gaya
- Aneta Grajda
- Aneta Weres
- Anette Varbo
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Angela Chetrit
- Angela Döring
- Angela Spinelli
- Angelika Schaffrath Rosario
- Angelique Chan
- Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés
- Anie Marcil
- Anil Poudyal
- Anja L Madsen
- Anja Schienkiewitz
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Anna Bugge
- Anna Fijalkowska
- Anna Jansson
- Anna V Alieva
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne A Bjerregaard
- Anne Chinnock
- Anne Juolevi
- Anne Taylor
- Anne Tjonneland
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annette J Dobson
- Annette Peters
- Annika Rosengren
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonia Trichopoulou
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonio M Silva
- Antonio Mistretta
- Antonio Pedro Graça
- Antonio Prista
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
- Areti Triantafyllou
- Argyro Karakosta
- Ari Voutilainen
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Arnaud Chiolero
- Aroor Bhagyalaxmi
- Arsalan Khaledifar
- Artur Mazur
- Arvind Pandey
- Arwa M Alshangiti
- Aryeh D Stein
- Asher Fawwad
- Attilio Rigotti
- Atul Trivedi
- Augustin F Beybey
- Augustine N Odili
- Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- Aung Soe Htet
- Ausra Petrauskiene
- Avula Laxmaiah
- Axel C Carlsson
- Aya Mostafa
- Ayman A Zayed
- Azaliia M Tuliakova
- Azhar Dyussupova
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Azli Baharudin
- Åsa Ågren
- Badreya Al-Lahou
- Bagher Larijani
- Bahareh Kheiri
- Bahman Cheraghian
- Bakary Jallow
- Baltazar Nunes
- Barbara Heude
- Barbara Thorand
- Barry M Popkin
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Beatriz D Schaan
- Bee Koon Poh
- Behrooz Hamzeh
- Bekbolat Zholdin
- Belgin Unal
- Belong Cho
- Ben Schöttker
- Benjamin Acosta-Cazares
- Benoit Salanave
- Benson M Kazembe
- Bente Sparboe-Nilsen
- Bernard Maire
- Bernardo L Horta
- Bernhard O Boehm
- Bert-Jan van den Born
- Bettina Bringolf-Isler
- Bharathi Viswanathan
- Bhawesh Koirala
- Bihungum Bista
- Bill Stavreski
- Bin Zhou
- Bing Zhang
- Birgit Linkohr
- Biruta Velika
- Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt
- Bo Werner
- Boban Mugoša
- Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Bojan Jelaković
- Bontha V Babu
- Boyd A Swinburn
- Börge Schmidt
- Branimir Leskošek
- Breige A McNulty
- Brian Oldenburg
- Brooklyn Fraser
- Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
- Buthaina M Alkhatib
- Børge G Nordestgaard
- Caleb Ochimana
- Calogero Saieva
- Calvin Ke
- Camilla T Damsgaard
- Carl Lachat
- Carla Menêses Hardman
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Carlos O Mendivil
- Carlos P Boissonnet
- Carmen Iñiguez
- Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani
- Caroline H Fall
- Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva
- Carsten O Schmidt
- Cassiano Ricardo Rech
- Catherine Kyobutungi
- Catterina Ferreccio
- Cecilia Björkelund
- Cecily Kelleher
- Cesar G Victora
- Cézane P Reuter
- Chandini Nekkantti
- Chao Qiang Jiang
- Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou
- Charles Agyemang
- Charles K Mondo
- Charles Lunogelo
- Charles Sossa Jérome
- Charlie Lim
- Charlotte B Ottendahl
- Charmaine A Duante
- Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Chiara Donfrancesco
- Chien-An Sun
- Chien-Jen Chen
- Ching-Yu Cheng
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chinwuba Ijoma
- Chongjian Wang
- Chris Cowell
- Christa L Lilly
- Christa Meisinger
- Christian Gieger
- Christina C Dahm
- Christina Howitt
- Christina Mavrogianni
- Christine Cameron
- Christophe Tzourio
- Christopher J Paciorek
- Chung T Nguyen
- Cihangir Erem
- Claes Ohlsson
- Clara Homs
- Claudia M Hormiga
- Cláudia S Minderico
- Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Clive Osmond
- Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani
- Con Burns
- Constance Schultsz
- Constanta Huidumac Petrescu
- Cora L Craig
- Correia Júnior Marco Aurélio de Valois
- Cosmin R Cojocaru
- Cristina P Padez
- Crizian G Saar
- Cynthia M Pérez
- Cyrus Cooper
- Daan Kromhout
- Dalia Luksiene
- Damaskini Valvi
- Damian K Francis
- Dan Zhu
- Daniel Bia
- Daniel Fernández-Bergés
- Daniel Ferrante
- Daniel G Vasques
- Daniel Lemogoum
- Daniel Weghuber
- Daniela Galeone
- Daniela Kállayová
- Daniela Pierannunzio
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Daphne Lai
- Daphne Mirkopoulou
- David A Gonzalez-Chica
- David De Ridder
- David Faeh
- David Goltzman
- Davide Noto
- Davood Khalili
- Deborah C Malta
- Debra S Judge
- Deena Al Asfoor
- Deepak N Amarapurkar
- Delphine De Smedt
- Demetre Labadarios
- Denise Eldemire-Shearer
- Dermot O'Reilly
- Dénes Molnár
- Diana A Santos
- Diane T Meto
- Dianna J Magliano
- Dickman Gareta
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Diego G Christofaro
- Diego Salmerón
- Diego Vanuzzo
- Dimitrios Papandreou
- Dimitrios Poulimeneas
- Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Dirk De Bacquer
- Dirk Vanderschueren
- Dominique Cottel
- Dominique Hange
- Dong Zhao
- Dongfeng Gu
- Dora Romaguera
- Doris Stöckl
- Dorja Vocanec
- Doroteia A Höfelmann
- Dusko J Bjelica
- Dušan Grafnetter
- Duygu Islek
- Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- E Shyong Tai
- Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Eduardo Capuano
- Eduardo Salazar Martinez
- Edward F Fottrell
- Edward Janus
- Edward W Gregg
- Edwige Landais
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Eero O Kajantie
- Efthymios Kapantais
- Eha Nurk
- Ei Ei K Nang
- Eiji Oda
- Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener
- Ekaterina Stoyanova
- Elaine Dennison
- Elaine M Murtagh
- Eldridge Ferrer
- Elena Anufrieva
- Elena Bogova
- Elena Pahomova
- Elena Sacchini
- Elena V Skoblina
- Eleonora d'Orsi
- Elias F Gudmundsson
- Elin Kolle
- Elin P Sørgjerd
- Elio Riboli
- Elisabete Ramos
- Elisabetta L Romeo
- Eliza Cinteza
- Eliza Markidou Ioannidou
- Ellina M Iakupova
- Elling Bere
- Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Elnaz Faramarzi
- Els Clays
- Else Karin Grøholt
- Elvis Oa Wambiya
- Elvynna Leong
- Elysée Claude Bika Lele
- Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk
- Eman Aly
- Emanuel Zitt
- Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Emanuela Pettenuzzo
- Emiel Hoogendijk
- Emily B Wong
- Emily Sonestedt
- Emma Ruiz Moreno
- Emmanuel Cohen
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Eng Joo Tan
- Enguerran Macia
- Enisa Kujundzic
- Enrique Gutiérrez González
- Enzo Manzato
- Erfan Ghasemi
- Eric Monterrubio-Flores
- Erik J Timmermans
- Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Erkin Mirrakhimov
- Ertugrul Celikcan
- Eruke E Egbagbe
- Espen Bjertness
- Esteban Carmuega
- Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Esther M González-Gil
- Ethel Santacruz
- Eugène Sobngwi
- Eunice Ugel
- Eva Corpeleijn
- Eva Gerdts
- Eva Karaglani
- Eva Martos
- Evangelia Tzala
- Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska
- Éva Kovács
- Fabian Rohner
- Fabián Méndez
- Fabio Galvano
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- Ronald D Gregor
- Ronel Sewpaul
- Ronit Endevelt
- Ronnie George
- Rosa Haghshenas
- Rosalba Rojas-Martinez
- Rosalynn Siantar
- Rosangela L Batista
- Rosemarie Martin
- Rosie K Singleton
- Rossina G Pareja
- Rosu Maria-Magdalena
- Roy A Wong-McClure
- Roya Kelishadi
- Ruan Kruger
- Rudolf Kaaks
- Rui Ornelas
- Rui Providencia
- Rupert Ra Bourne
- Rusidah Selamat
- Ruslan D Devrishov
- Rute Santos
- Ruzena Kubinova
- Ryutaro Ohtsuka
- S Goya Wannamethee
- Sabina Zambon
- Sabine Schipf
- Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Saeed Dastgiri
- Saeed M Omar
- Saeid Eslami
- Saeid Safiri
- Safiah Md Yusof
- Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Sai Yin Ho
- Sajid Soofi
- Salar Rahimikazerooni
- Salim Berkinbayev
- Salim Mohanna
- Salvador Villalpando
- Sameer Narake
- Samuel C Dumith
- San-Lin You
- Sanda M Kolo
- Sandjaja
- Sandra C Fuchs
- Sandra Colorado-Yohar
- Sania Nishtar
- Sanja Musić Milanović
- Sanja Šalaj
- Sanjay Rampal
- Sanjib K Sharma
- Santiago F Gómez
- Santosh K Bhargava
- Sara Magnacca
- Sara Schramm
- Sarah Cuschieri
- Sarah P Garnett
- Sare Safi
- Sareh Eghtesad
- Sari Hantunen
- Saskia Te Velde
- Satoko Sakata
- Sauli Herrala
- Savvas Savva
- Scott B McLean
- Semánová Csilla
- Senthil K Vasan
- Seongjun Ha
- Seppo Koskinen
- Sergej M Ostojic
- Sergio Viana Peixoto
- Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri
- Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran
- Seyed Rasoul Zakavi
- Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Shahla AlDhukair
- Shaker A Alomary
- Shariq R Masoodi
- Sheena E Ramsay
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Shelly R McFarlane
- Sherali Rakhmatulloev
- Sherilynn Madraisau
- Shina Avi
- Shiqi Zhen
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Shoaib Afzal
- Shoichiro Tsugane
- Shouling Wu
- Shu-Ti Chiou
- Shubash Ganapathy
- Shufa Du
- Shukri F Mohamed
- Shuohua Chen
- Shynar Abdrakhmanova
- Sibel Gogen
- Sigmund A Anderssen
- Silje Steinsbekk
- Silvana P Donoso
- Silvia Bel-Serrat
- Silvije Vuletić
- Simo Pone Larissa
- Simona Bo
- Simona Costanzo
- Simona Giampaoli
- Sinead Brophy
- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Slavica Sovic
- Slawomir Koziel
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- Sofia K Malyutina
- Soheir H Ahmed
- Sok King Ong
- Solie Puhakka
- Son Thai Pham
- Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Sonya V Galcheva
- Soon-Woo Park
- Sophia J Kiechl
- Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
- Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Srinivasan Kannan
- Stefaan De Henauw
- Stefaan Demarest
- Stefan Adela Gabriela
- Stefan Kiechl
- Stefan Rach
- Stefan Savin
- Stefan Söderberg
- Stefania Maggi
- Stefania Toselli
- Stefano Marventano
- Steinar Krokstad
- Stephen T McGarvey
- Steve Botomba
- Stevo R Popovic
- Stig E Bojesen
- Stine Schramm
- Sudha Ramachandra Rao
- Sudhir Kowlessur
- Suhad Bahijri
- Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar
- Sumit Bharadwaj
- Suntara Klanarong
- Susana C Confortin
- Susana Sans
- Susana Vale
- Susanne Kobel
- Susanne R de Rooij
- Susi Kriemler
- Suyeon Park
- Suzanne C Ho
- Suzanne N Morin
- Svetlana Shalnova
- Sylvain Sebert
- Sylvia Alexius
- Tabara Yasuharu
- Tahir Aris
- Tai Hing Lam
- Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic
- Takafumi Ishida
- Take Naseri
- Takuro Furusawa
- Tal Shimony
- Tamara R Santos
- Tamás Csányi
- Tamerlan Rajabov
- Tandi E Matsha
- Tania Lopez
- Tania Tello
- Tanja Gm Vrijkotte
- Tara C Coppinger
- Taru Manyanga
- Tasanee Braithwaite
- Tatjana Hejgaard
- Tatyana Slazhnyova
- Tazeen Jafar
- Terence Dwyer
- Terence W O'Neill
- Teresa Haugsgjerd
- Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Terho Lehtimäki
- Thamara Hubler Figueiró
- Thein Thein Htay
- Themistoklis Tzotzas
- Theodora Benedek
- Thet Thet Mu
- Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran
- Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
- Thomas Ferrao
- Thomas M Dantoft
- Thomas Münzel
- Thomas Waldhör
- Thor Aspelund
- Thorkild Ia Sørensen
- Tien Yin Wong
- Tiffany K Gill
- Tiina Laatikainen
- Tiina Lankila
- Tiina Vlasoff
- Tilema Cama
- Till Ittermann
- Timothy Key
- Tina Harmer Lassen
- Tint Swe Latt
- Tobias F Rinke de Wit
- Tom Wilsgaard
- Tomas Vega
- Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Toomas Veidebaum
- Torben Jørgensen
- Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Tran Quoc Bao
- Trevor S Ferguson
- Tuija Jääskeläinen
- Tuyen D Le
- Tze Pin Ng
- Ulf Ekelund
- Ulf Risérus
- Ulla Roggenbuck
- Ulrich Keil
- Ulrike Gehring
- Unjali P Gujral
- Urho M Kujala
- Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Uruwan Yamborisut
- Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Valentina Peterkova
- Valéria Regecová
- Valérie Deschamps
- Valirie N Agbor
- Valter Barbosa Filho
- Vanessa Rouzier
- Vanina Bongard
- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vassilis Zafiropulos
- Vayia Rarra
- Vedrana Sember
- Veikko Salomaa
- Vera Lanska
- Vera Musil
- Veronica Mocanu
- Vesna Juresa
- Vesselka L Duleva
- Victor M Herrera
- Victor Matsudo
- Victor Pf Lhoste
- Victoria E Soto-Rojas
- Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo
- Vijaya Lingam
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Viktoriya Furdela
- Vilma E Irazola
- Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Vilmundur Gudnason
- Vilnis Dzerve
- Vinay B Nangia
- Vincent Jr DeGennaro
- Vincenzo Capuano
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Violeta Iotova
- Virginija Dulskiene
- Virgílio V Ramires
- Visnja Djordjic
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviana Guajardo
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Vladimir Kutsenko
- Wafaie W Fawzi
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Wei Zheng
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Wei-Yen Lim
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Wenhua Zhao
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- William A Neal
- William R Tebar
- Wilma M Hopman
- Winsome R Parnell
- Wm Monique Verschuren
- Wojciech Drygas
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Wolfgang Kratzer
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiangjun Wang
- Xiaoguang Yang
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Xiu-Hua Guo
- Xu Lin
- Xu Ma
- Xueling Sim
- Xun Tang
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yadlapalli S Kusuma
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yang Yang
- Yanhui Dong
- Yanina Zocalo
- Yanitsa V Zhecheva
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yemane Berhane
- Yeunsook Rho
- Yeva Movsesyan
- Yi Song
- Yi Zeng
- Yih Chung Tham
- Yiling J Cheng
- Yin Guo
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Yn-Tz Sung
- Yong Tao
- Yonghua Hu
- Yosef Farzi
- Yoto Yotov
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan He
- Yufang Bi
- Yuki Fujita
- Yulia Balanova
- Yuliya V Solovieva
- Yuna He
- Yunjiang Yu
- Yury P Nikitin
- Yves Kameli
- Yves Martin-Prevel
- Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zbigniew Kulaga
- Zengchang Pang
- Zhamilya Battakova
- Zhamyila Usupova
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zhengming Chen
- Ziad A Abdeen
- Zivka Dika
- Zlatko Fras
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
- Zumin Shi
- Łukasz Kryst
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/03/2024
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assunção Maria Cecília F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicová Mária
- Avi Shina
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barceló Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloísa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Andersen Lars
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P
- Bojesen Stig E
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerová Radka Taxová
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda João
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M
- Brian Garry R
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas José
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario V
- Capková Nadežda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C
- Carlsson Axel C
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajús José A
- Casanueva Felipe F
- Cañete Felicia
- Celikcan Ertugrul
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- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
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- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque María-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cisneros Julio Zuñiga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L
- Crampin Amelia C
- Crujeiras Ana B
- Csilla Semánová
- Cucu Alexandra M
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V
- Czenczek-Lewandowska Ewelina
- Cândido Ana Paula C
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- da Silva Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de León Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Souza Wanderley Júnior Rildo
- de Wit Tobias F Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D
- Dehghan Abbas
- del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez María
- Delisle Hélène
- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Dereń Katarzyna
- Deschamps Valérie
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
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- Dorobantu Maria
- Dorosty Ahmad Reza
- dos Santos Henrique Rafael
- Doua Kouamelan
- Dragano Nico
- Drygas Wojciech
- Duante Charmaine A
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary B
- Duleva Vesselka
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dumith Samuel C
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Díaz-Sánchez María Elena
- Döring Angela
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Egbagbe Eruke E
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Ei K Nang Ei
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Engle-Stone Reina
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- Erasmus Rajiv T
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
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- Eslami Saeid
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- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
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- Fall Caroline H
- Faramarzi Elnaz
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- Farzadfar Farshad
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- Fernandes Romulo A
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- Ferrao Thomas
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- Ferrario Marco M
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiró Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Filippi Sarah
- Fink Günther
- Fischer Krista
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- Fujiati Isti I
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- Fumihiko Matsuda
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- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galeone Daniela
- Galfo Myriam
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Garba Jamila Abubakar
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- García-Solano Marta
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gaya Adroaldo Cesar Araujo
- Gaya Anelise Reis
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
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- Geleijnse Johanna M
- Ghaffar Suhaila Abdul
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gill Tiffany K
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Godos Justyna
- Gogen Sibel
- Goldberg Marcel
- Goldsmith Rebecca A
- Goltzman David
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- Gonzalez Angel R
- Gonzalez-Chica David A
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- González-Leon Margot
- González-Rivas Juan P
- González-Villalpando Clicerio
- González-Villalpando María-Elena
- Gonçalves Helen
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
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- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G
- Graça Antonio Pedro
- Gregg Edward W
- Gregor Ronald D
- Grodzicki Tomasz
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Grøholt Else Karin
- Grøntved Anders
- Gu Dongfeng
- Gualdi-Russo Emanuela
- Guallar-Castillón Pilar
- Gualtieri Andrea
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- Gudnason Vilmundur
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- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A
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- Htay Thein Thein
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta José María
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Huiart Laetitia
- Huisman Martijn
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huu Chinh Nguyen
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Iacoviello Licia
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- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
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- Ishida Takafumi
- Islam Muhammad
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- Iurilli Maria LC
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- Waldhör Thomas
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- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
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- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
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- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
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- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
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- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilová Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Ängquist Lars
- Łuszczki Edyta
- Ševcíková Ludmila
- Publication venue
- eLife Sciences Publications
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadvand Alireza
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Ali Osman
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amouyel Philippe
- Amuzu Antoinette
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
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- Stoeckl Doris
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Suarez-Medina Ramon
- Sun Chien-An
- Sundstrom Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
- Sunyer Jordi
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Swinburn Boyd A.
- Sy Rody G.
- Sylva Rene Charles
- Szponar Lucjan
- Taddei Cristina
- Tai Hing Lam Tai Hing Lam
- Tai E. Shyong
- Tammesoo Mari-Liis
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
- Tang Xun
- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
- Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul
- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B.
- Taylor Anne
- Tchibindat Felicite
- Tebar William R.
- Tell Grethe
- Tello Tania
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
- Thijs Lutgarde
- Thuesen Betina H.
- Ticha Lubica
- Timmermans Erik J.
- Tjonneland Anne
- Tolonen Hanna K.
- Tolstrup Janne S.
- Topbas Murat
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Tormo Maria Jose
- Tornaritis Michael J.
- Torrent Maties
- Toselli Stefania
- Traissac Pierre
- Tran Quoc Bao Tran Quoc Bao
- Trichopoulos Dimitrios
- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trinh Oanh T. H.
- Trivedi Atul
- Tsao Yu-Hsiang
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K.
- Tullu Fikru
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Turley Maria L.
- Tynelius Per
- Tzotzas Themistoklis
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice E.
- Ukoli Flora A. M.
- Ulmer Hanno
- Unal Belgin
- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
- Vaitkeviciute Justina
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Vale Susana
- Valvi Damaskini
- van der Schouw Yvonne T.
- Van Herck Koen
- van Rossem Lenie
- Van Schoor Natasja M.
- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Varona-Perez Patricia
- Vatten Lars
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
- Victora Cesar G.
- Viegi Giovanni
- Viet Lucie
- Vineis Paolo
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
- Visser Marjolein
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vollenweider Peter
- Volzke Henry
- Voutilainen Ari
- Voutilainen Sari
- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja G. M.
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N.
- Wagner Aline
- Waldhoer Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wanderley Rildo S., Jr.
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wijga Alet H.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zhussupov Baurzhan
- Zimmermann Esther
- Zuniga Cisneros Julio
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity . Here we use 2,009\ua0population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112\ua0million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean\ua0BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in\ua0some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities\ua0in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories
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- Protecting
- Rebecca Lewis
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- Shane Shifflett
- Shlomit Azgad-Tromer
- Simon
- Slayton
- Slayton V. American
- Steem Steem
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- Taylor V See
- U
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- Valeria Ashton
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- William Hinman
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- Yogesh Malhotra
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- Yulia See Oksana Panova
- Zuluaga
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
General and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in eight world regions: a pooled analysis of 837 population-based studies with 7·5 million participants
- Author
- (ncd-Risc) Ncd Risk Factor Collaboration
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abdul Ghaffar Suhaila
- Abdul Rahim Hanan
- Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adam Ishag
- Adamczyk Marzena
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Agdeppa Imelda
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Soheir
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Asfoor Deena
- Al Hourani Huda
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa
- Al-Hinai Halima
- Al-Lawati Jawad
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- Albuhairan Fadia
- Aldhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed
- Alieva Anna
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkhatib Buthaina
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak
- Amiano Etxezarreta Pilar
- Amougou Norbert
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund
- Androutsos Odysseas
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anufrieva Elena
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna
- Assah Felix
- Assembekov Batyrbek
- Assunção Maria Cecília F
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdičová Mária
- Azad Kishwar
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Bacopoulou Flora
- Bahijri Suhad
- Bajramovic Izet
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José
- Baran Rafał
- Barbagallo Carlo
- Barbosa Filho Valter
- Barceló Alberto
- Baretić Maja
- Barnoya Joaquin
- Barradas-Pires Ana
- Barrera Lena
- Barros Aluisio Jd
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz
- Batieha Anwar
- Batista Aline
- Batista Rosangela
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Baur Louise
- Bayauli Pascal
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedek Theodora
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Benitez Rolandi Gilda Estela
- Bennett James
- Benzeval Michaela
- Bere Elling
- Berger Nicolas
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bettiol Heloísa
- Beybey Augustin
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bhargava Santosh
- Bika Lele Elysée Claude
- Bikbov Mukharram
- Bista Bihungum
- Bjelica Dusko
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne
- Boehm Bernhard
- Boggia Jose
- Bogova Elena
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Borghs Herman
- Botomba Steve
- Bourne Rupert
- Bovet Pascal
- Boymatova Khadichamo
- Braeckman Lutgart
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- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy
- Briceño Yajaira
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Bringolf-Isler Bettina
- Brito Miguel
- Brug Johannes
- Bugge Anna
- Buntinx Frank
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burns Con
- Cabrera de León Antonio
- Caixeta Roberta
- Cama Tilema
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Rocco
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardoso Viviane
- Carlsson Axel
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo
- Casanueva Felipe
- Casas Maribel
- Cañete Felicia
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Chamnan Parinya
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Long-Sheng
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Yiling
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinapaw Mai Jm
- Chinnock Anne
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque María-Dolores
- Chong Chean Lin
- Christofaro Diego
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cirillo Massimo
- Claessens Frank
- Clare Philip
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Confortin Susana
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- Cowell Chris
- Crampin Amelia
- Cross Amanda
- Crujeiras Ana
- Cruz Juan
- Cucu Alexandra
- Cureau Felipe
- Cuschieri Sarah
- Cândido Ana Paula C
- d'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- da Silva-Ferreira Haroldo
- Dahm Christina
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Davletov Kairat
- de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos Francisco
- de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg
- de Bacquer Dirk
- de Bacquer Jaco
- de Bont Jeroen
- de Curtis Amalia
- de Fragas Hinnig Patrícia
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- de Henauw Stefaan
- de Miguel-Etayo Pilar
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- de Ridder Karin
- de Valois Correia Júnior Marco Aurélio
- Deepa Mohan
- Degennaro Vincent Jr
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deschamps Valérie
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Dominguez Liria
- Donati Maria Benedetta
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Dong Guanghui
- Donoso Silvana
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dragano Nico
- Drygas Wojciech
- Du Shufa
- Duante Charmaine
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary
- Duleva Vesselka
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dyussupova Azhar
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Díez Ripollés María Pilar
- Dörr Marcus
- Ebrahimi Narges
- Echeverría Guadalupe
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Efthymiou Vasiliki
- Egbagbe Eruke
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Elosua Roberto
- Enang Ofem
- Erasmus Rajiv
- Erem Cihangir
- Ergor Gul
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan
- Escobedo-de la Peña Jorge
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Roger
- Ezzati Majid
- Fakhradiyev Ildar
- Fakhretdinova Albina
- Fall Caroline
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Farzi Yosef
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix-Redondo Francisco
- Ferguson Trevor
- Fernandes Romulo
- Fernando Desha
- Fernández-Bergés Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrari Gerson
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Figueiró Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Filippi Sarah
- Fink Günther
- Fisberg Mauro
- Forsner Maria
- Fottrell Edward
- Fouad Heba
- Francis Damian
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio
- Fuchs Sandra
- Furdela Viktoriya
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gabriela Stefan Adela
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galcheva Sonya
- Galfo Myriam
- Galán Cuesta Manuel
- Garcia Pablo
- Garcia-De-La-Hera Manoli
- Garnett Sarah
- Gasull Magda
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Gerdts Eva
- Ghaderi Ebrahim
- Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Ghimire Anup
- Gialluisi Alessandro
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Glushkova Natalya
- Godara Ramesh
- Godos Justyna
- Goldberg Marcel
- Gomez Luis
- Gomula Aleksandra
- Gonzalez Angel
- Gonzalez-Chica David
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- González-Alvarez Ana
- González-Gil Esther
- González-Rivas Juan
- Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva Bruna
- Gonçalves Helen
- Gonçalves Mauer
- Gottrand Frederic
- Grafnetter Dušan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria
- Gregg Edward
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- Kafatos Anthony
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- Kakutia Natia
- Kalmatayeva Zhanna
- Kalter-Leibovici Ofra
- Kannan Srinivasan
- Kapantais Efthymios
- Karaglani Eva
- Karakosta Argyro
- Karki Khem
- Kassi Anicet Adoubi
- Katibeh Marzieh
- Katulanda Prasad
- Katzmarzyk Peter
- Kauhanen Jussi
- Kazakbaeva Gyulli
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- Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka
- Kelishadi Roya
- Kelleher Cecily
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- Kheiri Bahareh
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- Khosravi Alireza
- Khunti Kamlesh
- Kiechl Sophia
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Klakk Heidi
- Klanarong Suntara
- Klanova Jana
- Klimek Magdalena
- Knoflach Michael
- Kobel Susanne
- Koirala Bhawesh
- Kolle Elin
- Kolsteren Patrick
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Korzycka Magdalena
- Kos Jelena
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- Koussoh Simone Malik
- Kovalskys Irina
- Kovács Éva
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratenova Jana
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krizan Helena
- Kroker-Lobos Maria
- Krokstad Steinar
- Kruger Herculina
- Kruger Ruan
- Kryst Łukasz
- Kubinova Ruzena
- Kujala Urho
- Kujundzic Enisa
- Kulaga Zbigniew
- Kulimbet Mukhtar
- Kumari Meena
- Kunešová Marie
- Kurjata Pawel
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Kállayová Daniela
- König Jürgen
- La Quang Ngoc
- Labadarios Demetre
- Lachat Carl
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- Le Nguyen Bao Khanh
- Lehtimäki Terho
- Lemogoum Daniel
- Leong Elvynna
- Leszczak Justyna
- Leung Gabriel
- Lhoste Victor Pf
- Li Yanping
- Liivak Merike
- Lim Charlie
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- Lim Wei-Yen
- Lima-Costa M Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lind Lars
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Liping
- Liu Xiaotian
- Longo Abril Guadalupe
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
- Lopez-Garcia Esther
- Lozano José Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
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- López-Gil José Francisco
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- van den Born Bert-Jan
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- van der Schouw Yvonne
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- van Valkengoed Irene Gm
- Vanderschueren Dirk
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- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Vargas Luz Nayibe
- Vasan Senthil
- Vasques Daniel
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- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
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- Vladulescu Mihaela
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- Völzke Henry
- Wade Alisha
- Wan Bebakar Wan Mohamad
- Wan Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon
- Wanderley Júnior Rildo de Souza
- Wang Chongjian
- Wang Huijun
- Wang Junyang
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Wartha Olivia
- Weber Adelheid
- Webster-Kerr Karen
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Westbury Leo
- Whincup Peter
- Wickham Aidan
- Wickramasinghe Kremlin
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah
- Wilks Rainford
- Willeit Karin
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Więcek Andrzej
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Emily
- Wong-Mcclure Roy
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick
- Wyszyńska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Li
- Yan Weili
- Yang Yang
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- Younger-Coleman Novie
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yépez García Martha
- Zaccardi Francesco
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeljkovic Vrkic Tajana
- Zhang Bing
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhecheva Yanitsa
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zimmet Paul
- Zins Marie
- Zuziak Monika
- Zuñiga Cisneros Julio
- Čapková Naděžda
- Šalaj Sanja
- Ševčíková Ľudmila
- Żegleń Magdalena
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
International audienceSummaryBackground Adiposity can be measured using BMI (which is based on weight and height) as well as indices of abdominal adiposity. We examined the association between BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) within and across populations of different world regions and quantified how well these two metrics discriminate between people with and without hypertension.MethodsWe used data from studies carried out from 1990 to 2023 on BMI, WHtR and hypertension in people aged 20–64 years in representative samples of the general population in eight world regions. We graphically compared the regional distributions of BMI and WHtR, and calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between BMI and WHtR within each region. We used mixed-effects linear regression to estimate the extent to which WHtR varies across regions at the same BMI. We graphically examined the prevalence of hypertension and the distribution of people who have hypertension both in relation to BMI and WHtR, and we assessed how closely BMI and WHtR discriminate between participants with and without hypertension using C-statistic and net reclassification improvement (NRI).FindingsThe correlation between BMI and WHtR ranged from 0·76 to 0·89 within different regions. After adjusting for age and BMI, mean WHtR was highest in south Asia for both sexes, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. Mean WHtR was lowest in central and eastern Europe for both sexes, in the high-income western region for women, and in Oceania for men. Conversely, to achieve an equivalent WHtR, the BMI of the population of south Asia would need to be, on average, 2·79 kg/m² (95% CI 2·31–3·28) lower for women and 1·28 kg/m² (1·02–1·54) lower for men than in the high-income western region. In every region, hypertension prevalence increased with both BMI and WHtR. Models with either of these two adiposity metrics had virtually identical C-statistics and NRIs for every region and sex, with C-statistics ranging from 0·72 to 0·81 and NRIs ranging from 0·34 to 0·57 in different region and sex combinations. When both BMI and WHtR were used, performance improved only slightly compared with using either adiposity measure alone.InterpretationBMI can distinguish young and middle-aged adults with higher versus lower amounts of abdominal adiposity with moderate-to-high accuracy, and both BMI and WHtR distinguish people with or without hypertension. However, at the same BMI level, people in south Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa, have higher WHtR than in the other regions
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- (NCD-RisC)* NCD Risk Factor Collaboration
- Aarestrup Julie
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abdul Ghaffar Suhaila
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F
- Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Abubakar Garba Jamila
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adam Ishag
- Adamczyk Marzena
- Adams Robert J
- Adu-Afarwuah Seth
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agbor Valirie N
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguenaou Hassan
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Imran
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Asfoor Deena
- Al Hourani Huda M
- Al Qaoud Nawal M
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Hinai Halima
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Lawati Jawad A
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Aldwairji Maryam A
- Alexius Sylvia
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alieva Anna V
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alkhatib Buthaina M
- Allin Kristine
- Alomary Shaker A
- Alomirah Husam F
- Alshangiti Arwa M
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiano Etxezarreta Pilar
- Amoah John
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Androutsos Odysseas
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anufrieva Elena
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assefa Nega
- Assembekov Batyrbek
- Assunção Maria Cecília F
- Aung May Soe
- Aurélio de Valois Correia Júnior Marco
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdičová Mária
- Avi Shina
- Azad Kishwar
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Babu Bontha V
- Bacopoulou Flora
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Bajramovic Izet
- Bakacs Marta
- Baker Jennifer L
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- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Banegas José R
- Baran Joanna
- Baran Rafał
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barbosa Filho Valter
- Barceló Alberto
- Baretić Maja
- Barkat Amina
- Barnoya Joaquin
- Barradas-Pires Ana
- Barrera Lena
- Barreto Marta
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
- Bartosiewicz Anna
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz
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- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Aline P
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- Battakova Zhamilya
- Baur Louise A
- Bayauli Pascal M
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedek Theodora
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Benitez Rolandi Gilda Estela
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Benzeval Michaela
- Bere Elling
- Berger Nicolas
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berhane Yemane
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Berrios Carrasola Ximena
- Bettiol Heloísa
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- Beybey Augustin F
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- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
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- Bixby Honor
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- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda João
- Brenner Hermann
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- Briceño Yajaira
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Bringolf-Isler Bettina
- Brito Miguel
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- Buoncristiano Marta
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- Bæksgaard Jørgensen Maja
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- Chaturvedi Himanshu K
- Chaturvedi Nish
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- Chee Miao Li
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- Chudek Jerzy
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- De Bacquer Dirk
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- De Curtis Amalia
- de Fragas Hinnig Patrícia
- de Gaetano Giovanni
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- Rosario Rafaela V
- Rosengren Annika
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- Roy Joel GR
- Ruano Maira H
- Rubinstein Adolfo
- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz Moreno Emma
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
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- Rusakova Iuliia A
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- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Saghi Mohammad Hossien
- Saidi Olfa
- Saieva Calogero
- Sakata Satoko
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salazar Martinez Eduardo
- Salhanova Akkumis
- Salmerón Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
- Sandjaja [missing]
- Sans Susana
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- Sardinha Luis B
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Saum Kai-Uwe
- Savin Stefan
- Savva Savvas
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- Scazufca Marcia
- Schaan Beatriz D
- Schaffrath Rosario Angelika
- Schargrodsky Herman
- Schienkiewitz Anja
- Schindler Karin
- Schipf Sabine
- Schmidt Börge
- Schmidt Carsten O
- Schmidt Ida Maria
- Schneider Andrea
- Schnohr Peter
- Schramm Sara
- Schramm Stine
- Schröder Helmut
- Schultsz Constance
- Schultz Gry
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- Schutte Aletta E
- Schöttker Ben
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- Sedaghattalab Moslem
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- Servais Jennifer
- Sewpaul Ronel
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- Shamah-Levy Teresa
- Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza
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- Sharafkhah Maryam
- Sharma Sanjib K
- Sharman Almaz
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- Shayanrad Amaneh
- Shayesteh Ali Akbar
- Shengelia Lela
- Shi Zumin
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shimizu-Furusawa Hana
- Shimony Tal
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- Slazhnyova Tatyana
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemysław
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugène
- Sodemann Morten
- Soekatri Moesijanti YE
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Solovieva Yuliya V
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Sonestedt Emily
- Song Yi
- Soofi Sajid
- Sorić Maroje
- Sossa Jérome Charles
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- Soumaré Aïcha
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- Sovic Slavica
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- Stessman Jochanan
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- Stevens Gretchen A
- Stieber Jutta
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stoyanova Ekaterina
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Stöckl Doris
- Suarez-Ortegón Milton F
- Suebsamran Phalakorn
- Sugiyama Mindy
- Suka Machi
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sun Chien-An
- Sun Liang
- Sund Malin
- Sundström Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
- Sunyer Jordi
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
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- Sweis Nabil William G
- Swinburn Boyd A
- Sy Rody G
- Sylva René Charles
- Szponar Lucjan
- Sánchez Rodríguez Inés
- Sánchez-Abanto Jose
- Söderberg Stefan
- Sørensen Thorkild IA
- Sørgjerd Elin P
- Tabone Lorraine
- Tai E Shyong
- Takuro Furusawa
- Tambalis Konstantinos D
- Tammesoo Mari-Liis
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
- Tang Xun
- Tanrygulyyeva Maya
- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
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- Tarp Jakob
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- Tchibindat Félicité
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- Tell Grethe S
- Tello Tania
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- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
- Thomas Nihal
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- Tichá Ľubica
- Timmermans Erik J
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- Tolstrup Janne S
- Tomaszewski Maciej
- Topbas Murat
- Topór-Mądry Roman
- Torheim Liv Elin
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- Torrent Maties
- Torres-Collado Laura
- Toselli Stefania
- Touloumi Giota
- Traissac Pierre
- Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
- Tremblay Mark S
- Triantafyllou Areti
- Trichopoulos Dimitrios
- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trinh Oanh TH
- Trivedi Atul
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsintavis Panagiotis
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tuitele John
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- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K
- Tullu Fikru
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Turley Maria
- Twig Gilad
- Tynelius Per
- Tzala Evangelia
- Tzotzas Themistoklis
- Tzourio Christophe
- Udoji Nwannedimma
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice
- Ukoli Flora AM
- Ulmer Hanno
- Unal Belgin
- Usupova Zhamyila
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- Walton Janette
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- Wan Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon
- Wanderley Júnior Rildo de Souza
- Wang Chongjian
- Wang Huijun
- Wang Limin
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Wartha Olivia
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- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
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- Widyahening Indah S
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- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wirth James P
- Więcek Andrzej
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Woldeyohannes Meseret
- Wolf Kathrin
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Emily B
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Hon-Yen
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Wyszyńska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Li
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- Yotov Yoto
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yépez García Martha
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilová Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zayed Ayman A
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeljkovic Vrkic Tajana
- Zeng Yi
- Zentai Andrea
- Zhang Bing
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhecheva Yanitsa V
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zimmet Paul
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuziak Monika
- Zuñiga Cisneros Julio
- Ängquist Lars
- Ågren Åsa
- Čapková Naděžda
- Łuszczki Edyta
- Šalaj Sanja
- Ševčíková Ľudmila
- Żegleń Magdalena
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F.
- Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya
- Abril Guadalupe Longo
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adam Ishag
- Adamczyk Marzena
- Adams Robert J.
- Adu-Afarwuah Seth
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agbor Valirie N.
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguenaou Hassan
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Imran
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Hourani Huda M.
- Al Qaoud Nawal M.
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Aldwairji Maryam A.
- Alexius Sylvia
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala’a
- Alkhatib Buthaina M.
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amoah John
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Androutsos Odysseas
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anufrieva Elena
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aseffa Nega
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assembekov Batyrbek
- Assunção Maria Cecília F.
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdičová Mária
- Avi Shina
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Bakacs Marta
- Baker Jennifer L.
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Balanova Yulia
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Banegas José R.
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Baran Joanna
- Baran Rafał
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barceló Alberto
- Baretić Maja
- Barkat Amina
- Barnoya Joaquin
- Barrera Lena
- Barreto Marta
- Barros Aluisio J. D.
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
- Bartosiewicz Anna
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D.
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
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- Batista Rosangela L.
- Battakova Zhamilya
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- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Bentham James
- Bere Elling
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berhane Yemane
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloísa
- Beutel Manfred E.
- Beybey Augustin F.
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
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- Bikbov Mukharram M.
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
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- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
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- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Boymatova Khadichamo
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn C. E.
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerová Radka Taxová
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda João
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- Brian Garry R.
- Briceño Yajaira
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brito Miguel
- Brophy Sinead
- Brug Johannes
- Bruno Graziella
- Bugge Anna
- Buntinx Frank
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Caixeta Roberta B.
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas José
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario V.
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Rocco
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C.
- Carlsson Axel C.
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrasola Ximena Berrios
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajús José A.
- Casanueva Felipe F.
- Casas Maribel
- Cañete Felicia
- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes‐Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A.
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K.
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chee Miao Li
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheng Yiling J.
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinapaw Mai J. M.
- Chinnock Anne
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque María-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G.
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cirillo Massimo
- Cisneros Julio Zuñiga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Compañ-Gabucio Laura-María
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C.
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C.
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Cortés Lilia Yadira
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J.
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L.
- Crampin Amelia C.
- Cross Amanda J.
- Crujeiras Ana B.
- Cruz Juan J.
- Csilla Semánová
- Csányi Tamás
- Cucu Alexandra M.
- Cuesta Manuel Galán
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V.
- Cuschieri Sarah
- Czenczek-Lewandowska Ewelina
- Cândido Ana Paula C.
- da Silva Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T.
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M.
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg
- De Backer Gui
- De Bacquer Dirk
- De Curtis Amalia
- de Fragas Hinnig Patrícia
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de León Antonio Cabrera
- De Miguel-Etayo Pilar
- de Moura Silva Caroline Ramos
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R.
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Souza Wanderley Júnior Rildo
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D.
- DeGennaro Vincent
- del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez María
- Delisle Hélène
- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Dereń Katarzyna
- Deschamps Valérie
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Djordjic Visnja
- do Carmo Franco Maria
- Do Ha T. P.
- Dobson Annette J.
- Dominguez Liria
- Donati Maria Benedetta
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Dong Guanghui
- Dong Yanhui
- Donoso Silvana P.
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dorosty Ahmad Reza
- dos Santos Henrique Rafael
- Doua Kouamelan
- Dragano Nico
- Drygas Wojciech
- Duan Jia Li
- Duante Charmaine A.
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duleva Vesselka L.
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dumith Samuel C.
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dyussupova Azhar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Díaz-Sánchez María Elena
- Döring Angela
- D’Arrigo Graziella
- d’Orsi Eleonora
- Echeverría Guadalupe
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Egbagbe Eruke E.
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ammari Laila
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Endevelt Ronit
- Engle-Stone Reina
- Erasmus Rajiv T.
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Ergor Gul
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G.
- Escobedo-de la Peña Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Etxezarreta Pilar Amiano
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhradiyev Ildar
- Fakhretdinova Albina A.
- Fall Caroline H.
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Fawzi Wafaie W.
- Feigl Edit
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J.
- Ferguson Trevor S.
- Fernandes Romulo A.
- Fernández Pedro Díaz
- Fernández-Bergés Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Gerson
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferrario Marco M.
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferreira Haroldo S.
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiró Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Filho Valter Barbosa
- Fink Günther
- Fisberg Mauro
- Fischer Krista
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M.
- Francis Damian K.
- Fras Zlatko
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio D.
- Fuchs Sandra C.
- Fujiati Isti I.
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furdela Viktoriya
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galeone Daniela
- Galfo Myriam
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Gao Pei
- Garba Jamila Abubakar
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- García Martha Yépez
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P.
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gaya Adroaldo Cesar Araujo
- Gaya Anelise Reis
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Geiger Harald
- Geleijnse Johanna M.
- George Ronnie
- Ghaderi Ebrahim
- Ghaffar Suhaila Abdul
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Gialluisi Alessandro
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gieger Christian
- Gill Tiffany K.
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Glushkova Natalya
- Gluškova Natalja
- Godara Ramesh
- Godos Justyna
- Gogen Sibel
- Goldberg Marcel
- Goltzman David
- Gomez Luis F.
- Gomula Aleksandra
- Gonzalez Angel R.
- Gonzalez-Chica David A.
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- González Enrique Gutiérrez
- González-Alvarez Ana D.
- González-Gil Esther M.
- González-Leon Margot
- González-Rivas Juan P.
- González-Villalpando Clicerio
- González-Villalpando María-Elena
- Gonçalves Helen
- Gonçalves Mauer
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dušan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G.
- Graça Antonio Pedro
- Gregg Edward W.
- Gregor Ronald D.
- Gregório Maria João
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Grøholt Else Karin
- Grøntved Anders
- Gu Dongfeng
- Guajardo Viviana
- Gualdi-Russo Emanuela
- Guallar-Castillón Pilar
- Gualtieri Andrea
- Gudmundsson Elias F.
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guerrero Ramiro
- Guessous Idris
- Guimaraes Andre L.
- Gulliford Martin C.
- Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna
- Gunter Marc J.
- Guo Xiu-Hua
- Guo Yin
- Gupta Prakash C.
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gureje Oye
- Gutierrez Laura
- Gutzwiller Felix
- Gwee Xinyi
- Gómez Georgina
- Gómez Jesús Humberto Gómez
- Gómez Santiago F.
- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A.
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjær Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R.
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hanekom Willem A.
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu A. M.
- Hantunen Sari
- Hao Jie
- Hardman Carla Menêses
- Harooni Javad
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hassapidou Maria
- Hata Jun
- Haugsgjerd Teresa
- Hayes Alison J.
- He Jiang
- He Yuan
- He Yuna
- Heidinger-Felső Regina
- Heier Margit
- Heinen Mirjam
- Hejgaard Tatjana
- Hendriks Marleen Elisabeth
- Henriques Ana
- Herrala Sauli
- Herrera Victor M.
- Herrera-Cuenca Marianella
- Herter-Aeberli Isabelle
- Herzig Karl-Heinz
- Heshmat Ramin
- Hill Allan G.
- Ho Sai Yin
- Ho Suzanne C.
- Hobbs Michael
- Holdsworth Michelle
- Homayounfar Reza
- Homs Clara
- Hopman Wilma M.
- Horimoto Andrea R. V. R.
- Hormiga Claudia M.
- Horta Bernardo L.
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htay Thein Thein
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta José María
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Huiart Laetitia
- Huisman Martijn
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huu Chinh Nguyen
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Höfelmann Doroteia A.
- Iacoviello Licia
- Iakupova Ellina M.
- Ibarluzea Jesús M.
- Ibrahim Mohsen M.
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M. Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E.
- Ishida Takafumi
- Isiguzo Godsent C.
- Islam Muhammad
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Islek Duygu
- Iurilli Maria L. C.
- Ivanova-Pandourska Ivaila Y.
- Iwasaki Masanori
- Iñiguez Carmen
- Jackson Rod T.
- Jacobs Jeremy M.
- Jadoul Michel
- Jafar Tazeen
- Jallow Bakary
- James Kenneth
- Jamil Kazi M.
- Jamrozik Konrad
- Jansson Anna
- Janszky Imre
- Janus Edward
- Jarani Juel
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelaković Ana
- Jelaković Bojan
- Jennings Garry
- Jiang Chao Qiang
- Jimenez Maritza Landaeta
- Jimenez Ramon O.
- Joffres Michel
- Jokelainen Jari J.
- Jonas Jost B.
- Jonnagaddala Jitendra
- Jonsson Kenisha Russell
- Joshi Pradeep
- Josipović Josipa
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Judge Debra S.
- Juolevi Anne
- Jurak Gregor
- Juresa Vesna
- Jääskeläinen Tuija
- Jérome Charles Sossa
- Jóźwiak Jacek J.
- Jöckel Karl-Heinz
- Jørgensen Maja Bæksgaard
- Jørgensen Torben
- Kaaks Rudolf
- Kaducu Felix O.
- Kafatos Anthony
- Kaj Mónika
- Kajantie Eero O.
- Kakutia Natia
- Kalmatayeva Zhanna
- Kalter-Leibovici Ofra
- Kameli Yves
- Kampmann Freja B.
- Kanala Kodanda R.
- Kannan Srinivasan
- Kapantais Efthymios
- Karaglani Eva
- Karakosta Argyro
- Karki Khem B.
- Katchunga Philippe B.
- Katibeh Marzieh
- Katz Joanne
- Katzmarzyk Peter T.
- Kauhanen Jussi
- Kaur Prabhdeep
- Kavousi Maryam
- Kazakbaeva Gyulli M.
- Kaze François F.
- Ke Calvin
- Keil Ulrich
- Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka
- Kelishadi Roya
- Kelleher Cecily
- Kemper Han C. G.
- Kengne Andre P.
- Keramati Maryam
- Kerimkulova Alina
- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khaledifar Arsalan
- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse M. S. L.
- Kiechl Sophia J.
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Kim Jeongseon
- Kindblom Jenny M.
- Kingston Andrew
- Klakk Heidi
- Klimek Magdalena
- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Koirala Bhawesh
- Kolle Elin
- Kolsteren Patrick
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Korzycka Magdalena
- Kos Jelena
- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria Anna
- Kovalskys Irina
- Kovtun Olga Petrovna
- Kovács Éva
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratenova Jana
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriaucioniene Vilma
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krizan Helena
- Kroker-Lobos Maria F.
- Krokstad Steinar
- Kromhout Daan
- Kruger Herculina S.
- Kruger Ruan
- Kryst Łukasz
- Kubinova Ruzena
- Kuciene Renata
- Kujala Urho M.
- Kujundzic Enisa
- Kulaga Zbigniew
- Kulimbet Mukhtar
- Kumar R. Krishna
- Kumar Rachakulla Hari
- Kunešová Marie
- Kurjata Pawel
- Kusuma Yadlapalli S.
- Kutsenko Vladimir
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Kállayová Daniela
- Kårhus Line L.
- König Jürgen
- La Quang Ngoc
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
- Lachat Carl
- Lackner Karl J.
- Laid Youcef
- Lall Lachmie
- Lam Tai Hing
- Landais Edwige
- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
- Larijani Bagher
- Larissa Simo Pone
- Lassen Tina Harmer
- Latt Tint Swe
- Laurenzi Martino
- Lauria Laura
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Lazo-Porras Maria
- Le Coroller Gwenaëlle
- Le Nguyen Bao Khanh
- Le Port Agnès
- Le Tuyen D.
- Lee Jeannette
- Lee Jeonghee
- Lee Paul H.
- Lehmann Nils
- Lehtimäki Terho
- Lele Elysée Claude Bika
- Lemogoum Daniel
- Leskošek Branimir
- Leszczak Justyna
- Leth-Møller Katja B.
- Leung Gabriel M.
- Levitt Naomi S.
- Lhoste Victor
- Li Yanping
- Liivak Merike
- Lilly Christa L.
- Lim Charlie
- Lim Wei-Yen
- Lima-Costa M. Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
- Lin Yi-Ting
- Lind Lars
- Lingam Vijaya
- Linkohr Birgit
- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
- Liu Lijuan
- Lo Wei-Cheng
- Loit Helle-Mai
- Long Khuong Quynh
- Lopes Luis
- Lopes Marcus V. V.
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
- Lopez-Garcia Esther
- Lotufo Paulo A.
- Lozano José Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice L.
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
- Lustigová Michala
- Ma Guansheng
- Ma Jun
- Ma Xu
- Machado-Coelho George L. L.
- Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M.
- Macia Enguerran
- Macieira Luisa M.
- Madar Ahmed A.
- Madsen Anja L.
- Maestre Gladys E.
- Maggi Stefania
- Magliano Dianna J.
- Magnacca Sara
- Magnazu Moran Blychfeld
- Magriplis Emmanuella
- Mahasampath Gowri
- Maire Bernard
- Majer Marjeta
- Makdisse Marcia
- Malekzadeh Fatemeh
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malhotra Rahul
- Malyutina Sofia K.
- Maniego Lynell V.
- Manios Yannis
- Manix Masimango Imani
- Mann Jim I.
- Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
- Manyanga Taru
- Manzato Enzo
- Marcil Anie
- Margozzini Paula
- Marina Loreto Santa
- Mariño Joany
- Markaki Anastasia
- Markey Oonagh
- Marques Larissa Pruner
- Marques-Vidal Pedro
- Marrugat Jaume
- Martin Rosemarie
- Martin-Prevel Yves
- Martinez Eduardo Salazar
- Martorell Reynaldo
- Martos Eva
- Maruszczak Katharina
- Marventano Stefano
- Masala Giovanna
- Mascarenhas Luis P.
- Masoodi Shariq R.
- Mathiesen Ellisiv B.
- Mathur Prashant
- Matijasevich Alicia
- Matsha Tandi E.
- Matsudo Victor
- Matłosz Piotr
- Mavrogianni Christina
- Mazur Artur
- Mbanya Jean Claude N.
- McFarlane Shelly R.
- McGarvey Stephen T.
- McKee Martin
- McLachlan Stela
- McLean Rachael M.
- McLean Scott B.
- McNairy Margaret L.
- McNulty Breige A.
- Medzioniene Jurate
- Mehdipour Parinaz
- Mehlig Kirsten
- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisfjord Jørgen
- Meisinger Christa
- Melgarejo Jesus D.
- Melkumova Marina
- Mello João
- Mendivil Carlos O.
- Menezes Ana Maria B.
- Menon Geetha R.
- Mensink Gert B. M.
- Menzano Maria Teresa
- Meshram Indrapal I.
- Meto Diane T.
- Mi Jie
- Michaelsen Kim F.
- Michels Nathalie
- Mikkel Kairit
- Milanović Sanja Musić
- Miller Jody C.
- Milushkina Olga
- Minderico Cláudia S.
- Mini G. K.
- Miquel Juan Francisco
- Miranda J. Jaime
- Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
- Mirkopoulou Daphne
- Mirrakhimov Erkin
- Mishra Anu
- Mistretta Antonio
- Miłkowska Karolina
- Mišigoj-Duraković Marjeta
- Mocanu Veronica
- Modesti Pietro A.
- Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi
- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohamed Mostafa K.
- Mohamed Shukri F.
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon Wan
- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohanna Salim
- Mohebbi Iraj
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitry Marie
- Molnár Dénes
- Momenan Amirabbas
- Mondo Charles K.
- Monroy-Valle Michele
- Montenegro Mendoza Roger A.
- Monterrubio-Flores Eric
- Monyeki Kotsedi Daniel K.
- Moon Jin Soo
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Mopa Hermine T.
- Moradpour Farhad
- Moreira Leila B.
- Morejon Alain
- Moreno Emma Ruiz
- Moreno Luis A.
- Morey Francis
- Morgan Karen
- Morin Suzanne N.
- Mortensen Erik Lykke
- Moschonis George
- Moslem Alireza
- Mossakowska Malgorzata
- Mostafa Aya
- Mostafavi Seyed-Ali
- Mota Jorge
- Mota-Pinto Anabela
- Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeel
- Motta Jorge
- Moura-dos-Santos Marcos André
- Movsesyan Yeva
- Mridha Malay K.
- Msyamboza Kelias P.
- Mu Thet Thet
- Muc Magdalena
- Muca Florian
- Mugoša Boban
- Muiesan Maria L.
- Mursu Jaakko
- Murtagh Elaine M.
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Musil Vera
- Musinguzi Geofrey
- Muyer Muel Telo M. C.
- Mäki Päivi
- Méndez Fabián
- Mérida María José García
- Møllehave Line T.
- Møller Niels C.
- Müller-Nurasyid Martina
- Münzel Thomas
- M’Buyamba-Kabangu Jean-René
- Nabipour Iraj
- Naderimagham Shohreh
- Nagel Gabriele
- Najafi Farid
- Nakamura Harunobu
- Nalecz Hanna
- Nang Ei Ei K.
- Nangia Vinay B.
- Nankap Martin
- Narake Sameer
- Nardone Paola
- Naseri Take
- Nauck Matthias
- NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) [missing]
- Neal William A.
- Nejatizadeh Azim
- Nekkantti Chandini
- Nelis Keiu
- Nenko Ilona
- Neovius Martin
- Nervi Flavio
- Ng Tze Pin
- Nguyen Chung T.
- Nguyen Nguyen D.
- Nguyen Quang Ngoc
- Ni Michael Y.
- Nicolescu Rodica
- Nie Peng
- Nieto-Martínez Ramfis E.
- Nikitin Yury P.
- Ning Guang
- Ninomiya Toshiharu
- Nishi Nobuo
- Nishtar Sania
- Noale Marianna
- Noboa Oscar A.
- Nogueira Helena
- Nordendahl Maria
- Nordestgaard Børge G.
- Noto Davide
- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
- Nsour Mohannad Al
- Nuhoğlu Irfan
- Nunes Baltazar
- Nurk Eha
- Nuwaha Fred
- Nyirenda Moffat
- Námešná Jana
- Obreja Galina
- Ochimana Caleb
- Ochoa-Avilés Angélica M.
- Oda Eiji
- Odili Augustine N.
- Oh Kyungwon
- Ohara Kumiko
- Ohlsson Claes
- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
- Olafsson Örn
- Olinto Maria Teresa A.
- Oliveira Isabel O.
- Omar Mohd Azahadi
- Omar Saeed M.
- Onat Altan
- Ong Sok King
- Onland-Moret N. Charlotte
- Ono Lariane M.
- Ordunez Pedro
- Ornelas Rui
- Ortiz Ana P.
- Ortiz Pedro J.
- Osler Merete
- Osmond Clive
- Ostojic Sergej M.
- Ostovar Afshin
- Otero Johanna A.
- Overvad Kim
- Owusu-Dabo Ellis
- O’Neill Terence W.
- O’Reilly Dermot
- Paccaud Fred Michel
- Paciorek Christopher J.
- Padez Cristina P.
- Pagkalos Ioannis
- Pahomova Elena
- Pająk Andrzej
- Palloni Alberto
- Palmieri Luigi
- Pan Wen-Harn
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Arvind
- Panza Francesco
- Paoli Mariela
- Papadopoulou Sousana K.
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Pareja Rossina G.
- Park Soon-Woo
- Park Suyeon
- Parnell Winsome R.
- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pascanu Ionela M.
- Pasquet Patrick
- Patel Nikhil D.
- Pattussi Marcos
- Pavlyshyn Halyna
- Pechlaner Raimund
- Pednekar Mangesh S.
- Pedro João M.
- Peer Nasheeta
- Peixoto Sergio Viana
- Peltonen Markku
- Pereira Alexandre C.
- Peres Marco A.
- Peterkova Valentina
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Pettenuzzo Emanuela
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pećin Ivan
- Pfeiffer Norbert
- Phall Modou Cheyassin
- Pham Son Thai
- Phelps Nowell H.
- Pichardo Rafael N.
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N.
- Plans-Rubió Pedro
- Platonova Alina G.
- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Polka Nadija S.
- Pop Raluca M.
- Popovic Stevo R.
- Porta Miquel
- Posch Georg
- Poudyal Anil
- Poulimeneas Dimitrios
- Pouraram Hamed
- Pourfarzi Farhad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poustchi Hossein
- Pradeepa Rajendra
- Price Alison J.
- Price Jacqueline F.
- Prista Antonio
- Providencia Rui
- Puder Jardena J.
- Pudule Iveta
- Puiu Maria
- Punab Margus
- Pérez Cynthia M.
- Qadir Muhammed S.
- Qasrawi Radwan F.
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Quintana Hedley K.
- Quiroga-Padilla Pedro J.
- Rach Stefan
- Radic Ivana
- Radisauskas Ricardas
- Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul
- Rahimikazerooni Salar
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
- Rajabov Tamerlan
- Rakhmatulloev Sherali
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ramachandran Ambady
- Ramadan Otim P. C.
- Ramires Virgílio V.
- Ramke Jacqueline
- Ramos Elisabete
- Ramos Rafel
- Rampal Lekhraj
- Rampal Sanjay
- Rangelova Lalka S.
- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
- Rarra Vayia
- Rascon-Pacheco Ramon A.
- Rech Cassiano Ricardo
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M.
- Regecová Valéria
- Renner Jane D. P.
- Repasy Judit A.
- Reuter Cézane P.
- Revilla Luis
- Reynolds Andrew
- Rezaianzadeh Abbas
- Rho Yeunsook
- Ribas-Barba Lourdes
- Ribeiro Robespierre
- Riboli Elio
- Richter Adrian
- Rigo Fernando
- Rigotti Attilio
- Riley Leanne M.
- Rinaldo Natascia
- Rinke de Wit Tobias F.
- Ripollés María Pilar Díez
- Rito Ana I.
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M.
- Rivera Juan A.
- Roa Reina G.
- Robinson Louise
- Robitaille Cynthia
- Roccaldo Romana
- Rodrigues Daniela
- Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea
- Rodríguez Andrea Y.
- Rodríguez Inés Sánchez
- Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodríguez-Villamizar Laura A.
- Roggenbuck Ulla
- Rohloff Peter
- Rohner Fabian
- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Rojroongwasinkul Nipa
- Rolandi Gilda Estela Benitez
- Romaguera Dora
- Romeo Elisabetta L.
- Rosario Angelika Schaffrath
- Rosario Rafaela V.
- Rosengren Annika
- Rouse Ian
- Rouzier Vanessa
- Roy Joel G. R.
- Ruano Maira H.
- Rubinstein Adolfo
- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Ruiz-Castell Maria
- Rusakova Iuliia A.
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
- Rühli Frank J.
- Saamel Marge
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sabbaghi Hamideh
- Sacchini Elena
- Sachdev Harshpal S.
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Saghi Mohammad Hossien
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Saleva Calogero
- Salmerón Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T.
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
- Sandjaja [missing]
- Sans Susana
- Santacruz Ethel
- Santos Diana A.
- Santos Ina S.
- Santos Lèlita C.
- Santos Maria Paula
- Santos Osvaldo
- Santos Rute
- Santos Tamara R.
- Sant’Angelo Victoria Farrugia
- Saramies Jouko L.
- Sardinha Luis B.
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Saum Kai-Uwe
- Savin Stefan
- Savva Savvas
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- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
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- Yang Xiaoguang
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- Yasuharu Tabara
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilová Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zayed Ayman A.
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhecheva Yanitsa V.
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuziak Monika
- Ängquist Lars
- Čapková Naděžda
- Łuszczki Edyta
- Šalaj Sanja
- Ševčíková Ľudmila
- Żegleń Magdalena
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight
- Author
- Abbas Dehghan (174878)
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh (4401220)
- Abdonas Tamosiunas (64549)
- Abdul Basit (174463)
- Abdul Hamid Zargar (10282958)
- Abdullah Alkandari (5327126)
- Abdullatif Husseini (506385)
- Abhijit Sen (47513)
- Abla M Sibai (9022573)
- Abu AM Hanif (10281725)
- Adela Chirita-Emandi (746896)
- Adelheid Weber (3587942)
- Adolfo Rubinstein (308007)
- Adrian Richter (3454124)
- Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya (10281626)
- Afshin Ostovar (8150169)
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- Zumin Shi (287671)
- Örn Olafsson (10282322)
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 09/03/2021
- Field of study
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Gaya Adroaldo Cesar
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Avi Shina
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha, V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L.
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R.
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio Jd
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D.
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batista Rosangela L.
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M.
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J.
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia, V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M.
- Boehm Bernhard O.
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G.
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P.
- Bojesen Stig E.
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn C. E.
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerova Radka Taxova
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda Joao
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M.
- Brian Garry R.
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cabrera de Leon Antonio
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas Jose
- Can Gunay
- Candido Ana Paula C.
- Canete Felicia
- Capanzana Mario, V
- Capkova Nadezda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C.
- Carlsson Axel C.
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajus Jose A.
- Casanueva Felipe F.
- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A.
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique W.
- Chan Queenie
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- Simons Judith
- Simons Leon A.
- Sjoberg Agneta
- Sjostrom Michael
- Skodje Gry
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Sodemann Morten
- Soderberg Stefan
- Soekatri Moesijanti Y. E.
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Solomon Bethlehem D.
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Sonestedt Emily
- Song Yi
- Sophiea Marisa K.
- Sorensen Thorkild I. A.
- Sorgjerd Elin P.
- Soric Maroje
- Soto-Rojas Victoria E.
- Soumare Aicha
- Sovic Slavica
- Sparboe-Nilsen Bente
- Sparrenberger Karen
- Spinelli Angela
- Spiroski Igor
- Staessen Jan A.
- Stamm Hanspeter
- Starc Gregor
- Stathopoulou Maria G.
- Staub Kaspar
- Stavreski Bill
- Steene-Johannessen Jostein
- Stehle Peter
- Stein Aryeh D.
- Stergiou George S.
- Stessman Jochanan
- Stevanovic Ranko
- Stevens Gretchen A.
- Stieber Jutta
- Stockl Doris
- Stocks Tanja
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stoyanova Ekaterina
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Sturua Lela
- Suarez-Medina Ramon
- Suka Machi
- Sun Chien-An
- Sundstrom Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
- Sunyer Jordi
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Swinburn Boyd A.
- Sy Rody G.
- Syddall Holly E.
- Sylva Rene Charles
- Szklo Moyses
- Szponar Lucjan
- Taddei Cristina
- Tai E. Shyong
- Tammesoo Mari-Liis
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
- Tang Xun
- Tanrygulyyeva Maya
- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
- Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul
- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B.
- Taylor Anne
- Taylor Julie
- Tchibindat Felicite
- Tebar William R.
- Tell Grethe S.
- Tello Tania
- Tham Yih Chung
- Thankappan K. R.
- Thein Thein Htay
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
- Thet Thet Mu
- Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran
- Thijs Lutgarde
- Thomas Nihal
- Thuesen Betina H.
- Ticha Lubica
- Timmermans Erik J.
- Tjonneland Anne
- Tolonen Hanna K.
- Tolstrup Janne S.
- Topbas Murat
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Torheim Liv Elin
- Tormo Maria Jose
- Tornaritis Michael J.
- Torrent Maties
- Torres-Collado Laura
- Toselli Stefania
- Touloumi Giota
- Traissac Pierre
- Tran Quoc Bao
- Trichopoulos Dimitrios
- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trivedi Atul
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tuliakova Azaliia M.
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K.
- Tullu Fikru
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Turley Maria L.
- Twig Gilad
- Tynelius Per
- Tzotzas Themistoklis
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice
- Ukoli Flora Am
- Ulmer Hanno
- Unal Belgin
- Usupova Zhamyila
- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
- Uysal Nalan
- Vaitkeviciute Justina
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Vale Susana
- Valvi Damaskini
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- Van der Heyden Johan
- van der Schouw Yvonne T.
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- Van Minh Hoang
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- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Varona-Perez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K.
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
- Victora Cesar G.
- Viegi Giovanni
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
- Visser Marjolein
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vladulescu Mihaela
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vocanec Dorja
- Vollenweider Peter
- Volzke Henry
- Voutilainen Ari
- Voutilainen Sari
- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja G. M.
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N.
- Wagner Aline
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis O. A.
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
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- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
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