Spatial Distribution of Symptomatic Grapevines with Esca Disease in the Madrid Region (Spain)

From 1998 to 2001 three vineyards in the three areas Arganda, San Martin de Valdeiglesias and Navalcarnero, included in the vine-growing region “Wines of Madrid”, were surveyed for esca incidence and spatial distribution of infected vines. Individual vines were recorded as “diseased” when they showed esca symptoms, both in summer surveys (symptoms on leaves, weak growth, short branches growth) and in winter surveys (necrosis of trunk and main branches). Data recorded over several years in the same vineyard and data from different vineyards in the same year were compared in order to study disease spread and possible primary sources of infection. Our results showed that: i) esca foliar symptoms were discontinuous from year to year; ii) the distribution of infected vines in the vineyard was random and, iii) the disease was not spread between adjacent vines

Spatial Distribution of Symptomatic Grapevines with Esca Disease in the Madrid Region (Spain)

From 1998 to 2001 three vineyards in the three areas Arganda, San Martin de Valdeiglesias and Navalcarnero, included in the vine-growing region “Wines of Madrid”, were surveyed for esca incidence and spatial distribution of infected vines. Individual vines were recorded as “diseased” when they showed esca symptoms, both in summer surveys (symptoms on leaves, weak growth, short branches growth) and in winter surveys (necrosis of trunk and main branches). Data recorded over several years in the same vineyard and data from different vineyards in the same year were compared in order to study disease spread and possible primary sources of infection. Our results showed that: i) esca foliar symptoms were discontinuous from year to year; ii) the distribution of infected vines in the vineyard was random and, iii) the disease was not spread between adjacent vines

Molecular imprinting science and technology : A survey of the literature for the years 2004 - 2011

Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd