Vascular flora of the Legado das Águas, Reserva Votorantim, municipalities of Tapiraí, Miracatú and Juquiá, São Paulo, Brazil

We present  a list of vascular plants found in Legado das Águas, Reserva Votorantim, a private reserve having an area of approximately 35,000 ha that spans the municipalities of Tapiraí, Miracatú, and Juquiá, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The reserve is part of a complex of state-protected areas including Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park, Intervales State Park , Carlos Botelho State Park, Jurupará State Park, and Serra do Mar State Park. Together, these form an important and large area of continuous and well-preserved forest. Our study, which involved two main floristic surveys in March/April 2013 and April 2014, recorded 768 species, representing 131 families and 432 genera. The majority of species were angiosperms (619) representing 106 families and 370 genera. There were also two species of gymnosperms belonging to two genera in separate families; 147 species of ferns and lycophytes belonging to 23 families and 60 genera. In demonstrating the presence of almost 800 species of plants, of which 16 are threatened, our study highlights the importance of floristic surveys and the critical role of private protected areas in managing and preserving native flora

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega‐phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white‐sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long‐standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Violência obstétrica em mulheres brasileiras

The objective of this research was to verify the occurrence of obstetric violence in Brazilian women. It was conducted a quantitative approach, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational and predictive range design study, using the Birth Violence Questionnaire. The data were collected through online access to the questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The participants were 1626 adult women. 52.3% felt inferior, vulnerable and insecure; 49.8% felt no privacy. When carrying out the correlation analysis it was found that the violence experience in delivery had a weak negative correlation with age, educational level and family income. Through multiple regression analysis, there were 12 models to obstetric care practices that were significant predictors of violence in childbirth, explaining 34.9% of the experience of violence in childbirth. Within this panorama, we see the importance and the need to install a genuine process of humanization of labor and birth.Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a ocorrência de violência obstétrica em mulheres brasileiras. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, de alcance correlacional e preditivo, utilizando-se o Questionário de Violência no Parto. Os dados foram coletados por acesso online ao questionário. Realizou-se análise descritiva, de correlação e de regressão, através do programa SPSS. Participaram da pesquisa 1626 mulheres adultas. Os resultados apontam que durante o parto 52,3% das gestantes sentiu-se inferior, vulnerável e insegura; 49,8% sentiu-se exposta e sem privacidade. A vivência de violência no parto apresentou correlação significativa com idade, escolaridade e renda familiar. Através da análise de regressão múltipla, verificou-se 12 práticas de atendimento ao parto que mostraram-se preditores significativos de violência no parto, explicando 34,9% da vivência de violência obstétrica. Percebe-se que intervenções desnecessárias são realizadas em nome de uma falsa impressão de que, quanto mais se intervém, mais se cuida.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la ocurrencia de violencia obstétrica en mujeres brasileñas. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de alcance cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, correlacional y predictivo, utilizando el Cuestionario de Violencia en el Parto. Los datos fueron recolectados acceso en línea al cuestionario y se analizaron con el programa SPSS. Los participantes fueron 1626 mujeres adultas. 52,3% se sentía inferior, vulnerable e inseguro; 49.8% sintió expuesta, sin privacidad. La experiencia de la violencia en el parto tenía una débil correlación negativa con edad, educación y los ingresos familiares. A través del análisis de regresión múltiple, se produjo el parto 12 a las prácticas de cuidado que fueron predictores significativos de la violencia en el parto, que explican el 34,9% de experiencia de violencia obstétrica. Se observa que las intervenciones innecesarias se llevan a cabo en nombre de una falsa impresión de que cuanto más se interviene y cuidan

Violência obstétrica em mulheres brasileiras = Obstetric violence in Brazilian womans = Violencia obstétrica en mujeres brasileñas

Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a ocorrência de violência obstétrica em mulheres brasileiras. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, de alcance correlacional e preditivo, utilizando-se o Questionário de Violência no Parto. Os dados foram coletados por acesso online ao questionário. Realizou-se análise descritiva, de correlação e de regressão, através do programa SPSS. Participaram da pesquisa 1626 mulheres adultas. Os resultados apontam que durante o parto 52,3% das gestantes sentiu-se inferior, vulnerável e insegura; 49,8% sentiu-se exposta e sem privacidade. A vivência de violência no parto apresentou correlação significativa com idade, escolaridade e renda familiar. Através da análise de regressão múltipla, verificou-se 12 práticas de atendimento ao parto que mostraram-se preditores significativos de violência no parto, explicando 34,9% da vivência de violência obstétrica. Percebe-se que intervenções desnecessárias são realizadas em nome de uma falsa impressão de que, quanto mais se intervém, mais se cuid