Análise quali-quantitativa da arborização urbana em Santana, Amapá, Brasil

A arborização urbana apresenta um aspecto fundamental para o planejamento das cidades por trazer alguns benefícios aos cidadãos. Este estudo objetivou realizar um inventário qualiquantitativo da arborização urbana do município de Santana, Amapá, Brasil. O bairro da Fonte Nova pesquisado está sob as coordenadas 0o,00'58,47' S e 51o10’27,71’’ O. A coleta de dados foi realizada aplicando-se o método de inventário quali-quantitativo, do tipo censo. Foi avaliada a fitossanidade, de acordo com a aparência física da planta. Além disso, foram mensurados a altura total e o DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito), de todos os indivíduos. Foram inventariados 212 indivíduos, distribuídos em 12 famílias botânicas e 27 espécies. As famílias mais abundantes foram: Anacardiaceae (77 ind.), Fabaceae (50) e Arecacea (36). Foi encontrada uma área basal total de 20,41 m² para o bairro de estudo. As espécies com maiores densidades relativas foram: Mangifera indica L. (31,13%); Cocos nucifera L. (16,04%); Andira parviflora Ducke (6,60%). Esses resultados demonstram a falta de planejamento prévio para a arborização do bairro estudado, baseado na desigualdade de distribuição das espécies dentro do bairro

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Salud sexual y salud reproductiva de la población ribereña: revisión integradora

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre a saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva de populações ribeirinhas. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE; WEB OF SCIENCE e SCOPUS, incluindo publicações em português, inglês ou espanhol, sem uma limitação temporal inicial, publicados até 2018. Resultados: Foram selecionados 11 artigos. Os estudos incluídos são do período de 1993-2017, o conteúdo originou quatro categorias analíticas: componente sexual que reuniu achados sobre as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis; componente reprodutivo que constou o planejamento familiar/controle da fecundidade, o aborto e problemas acerca da gestação; componente ambiental que agrupou os contaminantes ambientais e implicações reprodutivas; e o componente sociocultural que integrou gênero, crenças e indicadores sociais. Conclusão: Predominou, nesta revisão, estudos com abordagem quantitativa, em uma perspectiva feminina e com uma visão biologicista. Nenhum estudo incluído investigou os significados e representações da saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva para a população ribeirinha. Além disso, os achados pouco evidenciam o pensamento sobre os assuntos que integram a saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva com as práticas de pessoas que vivem no contexto ribeirinho, proporcionando evidências limitadas.Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas disponibles sobre salud sexual y salud reproductiva de poblaciones ribereñas. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora, realizada en las bases LILACS, MEDLINE; WEB OF SCIENCE y SCOPUS, que incluye escritos en portugués, inglés y español, sin limitación temporal inicial, publicados hasta 2018. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 11 artículos; los estudios incluidos pertenecen al período de 1993-2017, cuyo contenido originó cuatro categorías analíticas: componente sexual, que reunía hallazgos sobre enfermedades de transmisión sexual; componente reproductivo, que incluía la planificación familiar/control de la fecundidad, aborto y problemas de embarazo; componente ambiental, que agrupaba los contaminantes ambientales y las implicaciones reproductivas, y componente sociocultural, que integraba el género, las creencias y los indicadores sociales. Conclusión: En esta revisión predominaron aquellos estudios con enfoque cuantitativo, a partir de una perspectiva femenina y con visión biologicista. Ninguno de dichos estudios investigó los significados y las representaciones de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la población ribereña. Además, los resultados demuestran que es escaso el pensamiento sobre las cuestiones de salud sexual y reproductiva relativas a las prácticas de las personas que viven en el contexto ribereño, razón por la cual, las evidencias son limitadas.Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence available on the sexual and reproductive health of riverine communities. Method: Integrative review, conducted on the databases LILACS, MEDLINE; WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS, including publications in Portuguese, English or Spanish, without an initial time limit and published until 2018. Results: 11 studies were selected. The studies included are from the period 1993-2017. The results originated four analytical categories: sexual component, which gathered findings about sexually transmitted infections; reproductive component, which included family planning/fertility control, abortion and problems with pregnancy; environmental component, which presented issues with environmental contaminants and its reproductive implications; and the sociocultural component, which discussed gender, beliefs and social indicators. Conclusion: In this review, studies with a quantitative approach, from a female point of view and a biological perspective predominated. No study investigated the meanings and representations of SRH for the riverine communities. In addition, the findings show little evidence of thoughts and practices of people living in riverine communities regarding SRH issues, providing limited evidence

Valoração de componentes não madeireiros na Amazônia: metodologias de quantificação para a geração de renda / Valuation of non-timber components in the Amazon: quantification methodologies for income generation

O atual cenário sobre o uso dos recursos florestais de maneira desordenada, fez com que se buscassem meios para valorar e utilizar os componentes não madeireiros. No entanto, essa alternativa vem sendo adotada ainda de forma insipiente na Amazônia, mesmo buscando o contexto de economia sustentável. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de reunir avaliações e análises sobre a importância de componentes não madeireiros na viabilidade econômica da atividade florestal na Amazônia, incluindo abordagens sobre Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros e Serviços Ambientais. Os Produtos Florestais Não-Madeireiros (PFNM) e os Serviços Ambientais tornaram-se uma alternativa para preencher várias lacunas econômicas de pequenas e grandes comunidades, pois versa sobre a manutenção de grandes extensões de florestas por meio da geração de bens e serviços em pequena e larga escala. Muitos trabalhos têm buscado o desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos quali-quantitativos e conhecimentos ecológicos para valorar diferentes produtos oriundos das florestas e diminuir a pressão sobre a intensa produção madeireira. Neste levantamento bibliográfico nota-se um número significativo de estudos sobre o potencial dos PFNM para geração de renda e para a conservação do meio ambiente, e não menos importante, os serviços ambientais que podem ser prestados como medidas de compensação ambiental

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) : a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points