Dense gas and the nature of the outflows

We present the results of the observations of the (J,K)=(1,1) and the (J,K)=(2,2) inversion transitions of the NH3 molecule toward a large sample of 40 regions with molecular or optical outflows, using the 37 m radio telescope of the Haystack Observatory. We detected NH3 emission in 27 of the observed regions, which we mapped in 25 of them. Additionally, we searched for the 6{16}-5{23} H2O maser line toward six regions, detecting H2O maser emission in two of them, HH265 and AFGL 5173. We estimate the physical parameters of the regions mapped in NH3 and analyze for each particular region the distribution of high density gas and its relationship with the presence of young stellar objects. From the global analysis of our data we find that in general the highest values of the line width are obtained for the regions with the highest values of mass and kinetic temperature. We also found a correlation between the nonthermal line width and the bolometric luminosity of the sources, and between the mass of the core and the bolometric luminosity. We confirm with a larger sample of regions the conclusion of Anglada et al. (1997) that the NH3 line emission is more intense toward molecular outflow sources than toward sources with optical outflow, suggesting a possible evolutionary scheme in which young stellar objects associated with molecular outflows progressively lose their neighboring high-density gas, weakening both the NH3 emission and the molecular outflow in the process, and making optical jets more easily detectable as the total amount of gas decreases.Comment: 27 pages, 37 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abstract is abridge

Backlash Men’s Movements Part 1: (Real) Fathers 4 Justice, bourgeois rational and new man/new father masculinities

Chapters 5 and 6 critically examine backlash men's movements, especially fathers’ rights groups and the politics of fatherhood. Both chapters are based on in-depth, qualitative analysis of interviews with members of (Real) Fathers 4 Justice. Chapter 5 explores two of three masculinities identified: “bourgeois-rational”, and “new man/new father” masculinity. These map on to specific constructions of fatherhood: “the good enough father”, and the “nurturing father” respectively, which are also explored. “Progressive” notions of crisis were associated with new man/new father masculinity, which advances a vision of kinder masculinity (without fundamentally unsettling gender binaries). Finally, the presence of feminist and postfeminist understandings of gender/fatherhood in fathers’ rights perspective is considered. The analysis demonstrates that men’s movements frequently shift discursive strategies and express ambivalence about feminism