4,161 research outputs found
THE DANGERS OF FIGHTING TERRORISM WITH TECHNOCOMMUNITARIANISM: CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS OF FREE EXPRESSION, EXPLORATION, AND UNMONITORED ACTIVITY IN URBAN SPACES
Part I of this article examines how some commentators can plausibly argue that constitutional liberty and privacy protections do not protect the individual liberty and privacy that modern individuals have come to expect in many public spaces, particularly in urban environments. Constitutional liberalism, this section points out, makes this question a difficult one, because it is marked by scrupulous neutrality towards different visions of “the good life.” In other words, the constitutional order does not condemn those who choose a communitarian way of life and favor those who prefer individualism. Rather, it tolerates both of these (and other) preferences about one’s social and cultural environment, and leaves citizens free to opt for the life of their choice. Part II suggests that it is difficult to make sense of our modern jurisprudence of First Amendment rights, especially as they relate to anonymous communication and association on the Internet and elsewhere, unless one allows room in our constitutional law for a jurisprudence that “captures” and preserves social incarnations of liberty and privacy that were not yet in existence when theConstitution was drafted. Therefore, it is possible for for courts and others to find that freedom-enabling institutions that did not exist earlier in American history, and might cease to exist in the future, deserve certain constitutional protection while they are here. Part III explains that like the virtual liberation offered by the Internet, city life offered and continues to offer an invaluable refuge for substantial expressive activity and intellectual exploration that would be far more elusive without this type of urban existence. It provides individuals with an incredibly rich bazaar of ideas, and allows them to browse among these deas, substantially free from outside monitoring or control. While First Amendment law does not single out urban environments for protection, it protects such environments indirectly by preserving certain opportunities that are characteristic of modern urban life: opportunities for giving speeches to large crowds, for confronting strangers with ideas they may find unfamiliar or provocative, or for speaking or gathering information in the anonymity of the crowd
Fringe Field Effects on Bending Magnets, Derived for TRANSPORT/TURTLE
A realistic magnetic dipole has complex effects on a charged particle near
the entrance and exit of the magnet, even with a constant and uniform magnetic
field deep within the interior of the magnet. To satisfy Maxwell's equations,
the field lines near either end of a realistic magnet are significantly more
complicated, yielding non-trivial forces. The effects of this fringe field are
calculated to first order, applying both the paraxial and thin lens
approximations. We find that, in addition to zeroth order effects, the position
of a particle directly impacts the forces in the horizontal and vertical
directions.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure
CO, HI, recent Spitzer SAGE results in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Formation of GMCs is one of the most crucial issues in galaxy evolution. I
will compare CO and HI in the LMC in 3 dimensional space for the first time
aiming at revealing the physical connection between GMCs and associated HI gas
at a ~40 pc scale. The present major findings are 1) [total CO intensity]
[total HI intensity]0.8 for the 110 GMCs, and 2) the HI intensity tends to
increase with the evolution of GMCs. I argue that these findings are consistent
with the growth of GMCs via HI accretion over a time scale of a few x 10 Myrs.
I will also discuss the role of the background stellar gravity and the
dynamical compression by supershells in formation of GMCs
High Resolution BIMA Observations of CO, HCN, and 13CO in NGC 1068
We present high-resolution CO, HCN, and 13CO maps of the inner arcminute of
NGC 1068 made with the BIMA interferometer. Several features appear in the CO
map which have not previously been observed: (1) a firm detection of CO line
emission from a compact region centered on the nucleus of the galaxy; (2) the
detection of a triplet velocity structure characteristic of kinematically
independent regions shown on the spectrum of the unresolved nuclear emission ;
and (3) the detection of a molecular bar, the extent and position angle of
which are in good agreement with the 2 m stellar bar. The most intense CO
emission is nonnuclear; the structure and kinematics of this emission imply
that this gas is distributed along the inner spiral arms and not in a ring. The
bar's kinematic influence on the molecular gas in the spiral arms is modest,
with typical ordered noncircular motions of \la\ 30 \kms\ in the plane of the
galaxy. Interior to the spiral arms, the bar's influence is more dramatic, as
reflected by the twisted isovelocity contours in the CO and HCN velocity
fields. The surface density of molecular gas within the central 100 pc radius
of NGC 1068 is the same as that in the central 200 pc radius in the Milky Way
to within the uncertainties. There is evidence for an kinematic mode in
NGC 1068; we find the kinematic center of rotation to be displaced from the
radio continuum center by about 2.9", or 200 pc. The HCN image, in contrast to
the CO map, shows a strong concentration of emission centered on the nucleus.
The ratio of integrated intensities of the HCN emission to that of CO is about
0.6 and is the highest ratio measured in the central region of any galaxy.Comment: 35 pages of uuencoded, compressed postscript, 20 postscript figures
not included but available from [email protected] or from
ftp://astro.astro.umd.edu/pub/thelfer/n1068_figs.ps.Z To appear in The
Astrophysical Journal, V. 450, Sept. 199
Angular Momentum in Giant Molecular Clouds. I. The Milky Way
We present a detailed analysis comparing the velocity fields in molecular
clouds and the atomic gas that surrounds them in order to address the origin of
the gradients. To that end, we present first-moment intensity-weighted velocity
maps of the molecular clouds and surrounding atomic gas. The maps are made from
high-resolution 13CO observations and 21-cm observations from the
Leiden/Argentine/Bonn Galactic HI Survey. We find that (i) the atomic gas
associated with each molecular cloud has a substantial velocity
gradient---ranging within 0.02 to 0.07 km/s/pc---whether or not the molecular
cloud itself has a substantial linear gradient (ii) If the gradients in the
molecular and atomic gas were due to rotation, this would imply that the
molecular clouds have less specific angular momentum than the surrounding HI by
a factor of 1-6. (iii) Most importantly, the velocity gradient position angles
in the molecular and atomic gas are generally widely separated---by as much as
130 degrees in the case of the Rosette Molecular Cloud. This result argues
against the hypothesis that molecular clouds formed by simple top-down collapse
from atomic gas.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Ap
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