Estudio bibliométrico de la Revista “Journal of Social Work Education”, de la década del 90

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze aspects of collaboration, productivity, materials and references published in the Journal of Social Work Education during the 1990 decade. A correlational and descriptive design was used to study these aspects. A probabilistic sample of 99 articles was obtained. A content analysis was conducted of each article. The productivity obtained was 0.62, and 64.6* of the articles were produced in collaboration with an average of 2.09 authors per article during the decade. The average Half Life Index was 8.43 year and 34.3* of the articles published were in the área of education. Recommendations related to collaboration and productivity will be offered based on the results.El propósito de este trabajo es describir y analizar los aspectos de colaboración, productividad, materias y referencias en las investigaciones publicadas en la revista Journal of Social Work Education durante la década del 1990. Se utilizó un diseño correlacional y descriptivo con el propósito de describir estos aspectos. El muestreo fue uno probabilístico, ya que se seleccionaron 99 artículos de investigación en forma aleatoria. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de cada uno de los artículos. La productividad obtenida fue 0.62, la mayoría de los artículos ** se produce en colaboración y el índice de Colaboración promedio durante la década fue 2.09 autores. El 34.3 de los artículos publicados se dedican a la enseñanza y el promedio del índice de Vida Media fue 8.43 años. Se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre los aspectos de colaboración y productividad basados en los resultados de la investigación

Fatores protetores da depressão em uma mostra de adultos maiores em Porto Rico: auto eficácia, escolaridade e outras variáveis sócio demográficas

The aim of this descriptive-correlational study was to assess the relationship between self-efficacy, educational level and depressive symptoms in order to identify protective factors for depression in a sample of elderly people in Puerto Rico. Other socio-demographic variables such as marital status, living arrangements, and sex were examined in relation to self-efficacy and depressive symptoms. The selected sample consisted of 45 participants ranging in age from 60 to 86 years old (M=69; SD=7.37). Measures employed included the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (1965) and the Baessler and Schwarcer's General Self-Efficacy Scale (1996). The hypothesis stated that the level of depressive symptoms would be lower when there is higher self-efficacy and higher educational level in a sample of Puerto Rican elderly people. Statistical analysis included t tests, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Coefficient. Statistically significant differences for selfefficacy and educational level were found between those who did not show depressive symptoms and those with moderate to severe depression. In addition, higher levels of depression and lower levels of self-efficacy were found in those who had widowed. Results suggest that high levels of education and self-efficacy are protective factors for depression in elderly people, while widowhood is a risk factor for depression.O objetivo desta pesquisa descritiva-correlacional foi avaliar a relação entre auto eficácia, escolaridade e síntomas depressivos para identificar fatores protetores da depressão em uma mostra de pessoas de idade avançada da população de Porto Rico. Além disso, foram examinadas outras variáveis sócio demográficas como o estado civil, com quem residem e o sexo, com relação à auto eficácia e os sintomas depressivos. Selecionaram-se por disponibilidade 45 participantes com idades entre 60 e 86 anos (M=69; DE=7.37). Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala Auto-avaliativa da Depressão de Zung (1965) e a Escala de Auto eficácia Geral de Baessler e Schwarcer (1996). A hipótese propôs que, a maior auto eficácia e escolaridade, menor seria o nível dos sintomas depressivos em uma mostra de adultos maiores de Porto Rico. As análises estatísticas incluíram testes t e os Coeficientes de Correlação de Pearson e de Regressão Múltipla. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para a auto eficácia e a escolaridade entre os que não apresentavam depressão e os que apresentavam depressão moderada ou severa. Além disso encontraram-se maiores níveis de depressão e menores níveis de auto eficácia nos que haviam enviuvado. Os resultados sugerem que altos níveis de escolaridade e auto eficácia são fatores protetores da depressão nos adultos maiores, enquanto que a viuvez é um fator de risco para depressão.El objetivo de esta investigación descriptiva-correlacional fue evaluar la relación entre autoeficacia, escolaridad y síntomas depresivos para identificar factores protectores de la depresión en una muestra de personas de edad avanzada de la población de Puerto Rico. Además, se examinaron otras variables sociodemográficas como el estado civil, con quién residen y el sexo, en relación con la autoeficacia y los síntomas depresivos. Se seleccionaron por disponibilidad 45 participantes con edades entre 60 y 86 años (M=69; DE=7.37). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Autoevaluativa de la Depresión de Zung (1965) y la Escala de Autoeficacia General de Baessler y Schwarcer (1996). La hipótesis planteó que, a mayor autoeficacia y escolaridad, menor sería el nivel de los síntomas depresivos en una muestra de adultos mayores de Puerto Rico. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron pruebas t y los Coeficientes de Correlación de Pearson y de Regresión Múltiple. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la autoeficacia y la escolaridad entre quienes no presentaban depresión y los que presentaban depresión moderada o severa. Además, se encontraron mayores niveles de depresión y menores niveles de autoeficacia en quienes habían enviudado. Los resultados sugieren que altos niveles de escolaridad y autoeficacia son factores protectores de la depresión en los adultos mayores, mientras que la viudez es un factor de riesgo para la depresión

A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci.

We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻¹²) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻¹¹) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis

A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci.

We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻¹²) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻¹¹) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis

Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species

Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials

[EN] Combining several theories this paper presents a general multiphysics framework applied to the study of coupled and active materials, considering mechanical, electric, magnetic and thermal fields. The framework is based on thermodynamic equilibrium and non-equilibrium interactions, both linked by a two-temperature model. The multi-coupled governing equations are obtained from energy, momentum and entropy balances; the total energy is the sum of thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic parts. The momentum balance considers mechanical plus electromagnetic balances; for the latter the Abraham rep- resentation using the Maxwell stress tensor is formulated. This tensor is manipulated to automatically fulfill the angular momentum balance. The entropy balance is for- mulated using the classical Gibbs equation for equilibrium interactions and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. For the non-linear finite element formulations, this equation requires the transformation of thermoelectric coupling and conductivities into tensorial form. The two-way thermoe- lastic Biot term introduces damping: thermomechanical, pyromagnetic and pyroelectric converse electromagnetic dynamic interactions. Ponderomotrix and electromagnetic forces are also considered. The governing equations are converted into a variational formulation with the resulting four-field, multi-coupled formalism implemented and val- idated with two custom-made finite elements in the research code FEAP. Standard first-order isoparametric eight-node elements with seven degrees of freedom (dof) per node (three displacements, voltage and magnetic scalar potentials plus two temperatures) are used. Non-linearities and dynamics are solved with Newton-Raphson and New- mark-b algorithms, respectively. 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Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world's oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.B.L.C., C.H., and A.M. were funded by the Cambridge Conservation Initiative’s Collaborative Fund sponsored by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation. E.J.P. was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council C-CLEAR doctoral training programme (Grant no. NE/S007164/1). We are grateful to all those who assisted with the collection and curation of tracking data. Further details are provided in the Supplementary Acknowledgements. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Peer reviewe

Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions