EMPREGO DE FIBRAS DE TRIGO E SOJA NA ELABORAÇÃO DE MORTADELAS

A mortadela está entre os produtos cárneos mais consumidos no Brasil. A substituição parcial de gordura animal por fibras vegetais na elaboração de mortadelas foi o objetivo do presente estudo, uma vez que as fibras possuem valor nutricional de interesse para a saúde humana, além de possuírem baixo custo. A gordura por sua vez é importante na formulação, pois atua na formação da emulsão. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram utilizadas três formulações de mortadela, sendo elas respectivamente: padrão (A), com substituição parcial de gordura por fibra de trigo (B) e com substituição parcial de gordura por soja (C). O estudo buscou atender o Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade de Mortadela do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), e as mortadelas foram avaliadas físico-químicamente. Os resultados médios obtidos nas análises foram comparados aos citados pelo MAPA foram, respectivamente, para a mortadela A, B e C: 60,4%, 59,3% e 61,1% de umidade; 5,5%, 5,3% e 4,5% de cinzas; 15,5%, 14,1% e 13,5% de gordura; 1,52%, 3,5% e 4,2% de fibras e 16,32%, 17,2% e 15,9% de proteína. Estes resultados demonstram a viabilidade tecnológica para elaboração de novos produtos cárneos

PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISÍCO-QUÍMICA DE FARINHAS DE MANDARINA VERDE ORGÂNICA (Citrus rediculata)

Para melhorar a qualidade demandarinasdo mercado in natura, a técnica do raleio manual é utilizada pelos citricultores, sendo necessário ralear 60 a 80% dos frutos.Propôs-se elaborar farinhas a partir da casca e da polpa de mandarinas verdes orgânicas oriundas do raleio, caracterizando sua composição proximal a fim de introduzi-las na alimentação humana.As farinhas foram obtidas pela trituração úmida, lavagem, secagem e trituração seca do resíduo desidratado das mandarinas. As análisesdas farinhas de polpa (FP) e de polpa com casca (FPC) de mandarina verde orgânica foram realizadas segundo as metodologias preconizadas pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008). A umidade (FP=3,78%; FPC=3,03%), cinzas (FP=2,19%; FPC=2,46%) e proteínas (FP=15,83%; FPC=11,38%) das farinhas ficaram dentro do permitido pela legislação brasileira para farinha de trigo comum e/ou integral; apresentaram um teor de fibra bruta alto (FP=18,45%; FPC=17,25%), baixo teor de gorduras (FP=1,25%; FPC=0,85%), boa quantidade de carboidratos (FP=58,14%; FPC=66,25%) e menos calorias (FP=307,25 Kcal/100g; FPC=318,30 Kcal/100g) que a farinha de trigo comum. As farinhas de mandarina verde orgânica são uma alternativa para o enriquecimento de produtos de panificação, agregando não só valor nutricional como minimizando o desperdício de resíduos

PRODUÇÃO DE UMA FARINHA DE ALBEDO DE LARANJA COMO FORMA DE APROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUO

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de suco de laranja e exporta cerca de 70% da sua produção. Durante o processamento do suco de laranja são gerados subprodutos, como o bagaço denominado também de albedo. Visando a diversificação tecnológica, este trabalho possui como objetivo a elaboração de uma farinha a partir de um subproduto da indústria de sucos, que possa ser utilizada como enriquecimento nutricional em formulações de produtos de panificação. A farinha foi obtida pela trituração úmida, lavagem, secagem e trituração seca do resíduo desidratado das laranjas. As análises físico-químicas da farinha de albedo de laranja foram realizadas segundo as metodologias preconizadas pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008). A umidade (11,75%) da farinha ficou dentro do máximo permitido pela legislação brasileira; apresentou um baixo teor de gorduras (0,42%) e calorias em torno de 18% a menos que a farinha de trigo. A fibra bruta da farinha de albedo da laranja (16,20%) é cinco vezes maior, em comparação a uma farinha tradicional de trigo (3,2%), podendo ser considerada um ingrediente funcional. A farinha de albedo de laranja é uma excelente alternativa para enriquecimento de produtos de panificação, agregando não só valor econômico como valor nutricional, com considerável teor de fibras

ÁCIDO LINOLEICO CONJUGADO: UMA BREVE REVISÃO

O ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) é um ácido graxo poli-insaturado natural, encontrado principalmente na gordura do leite e na carne de animais ruminantes. Seus isômeros geométricos e de posição c9t11 e t10c12 vêm despertando interesse, uma vez que o primeiro é considerado um agente anticarcinogênico natural e o segundo, um repartidor de nutrientes efetivo. Pesquisas relacionam o CLA a outros efeitos positivos à saúde como a redução de aterosclerose, prevenção e tratamento do diabetes mellitus, estimulação do sistema imunológico, redução da pressão arterial e da gordura corporal com aumento da massa magra. Apresenta propriedade hipocolesteronica além de atuar como poderoso antioxidante. Assim, este trabalho de revisão tem por objetivo o enfoque na produção de CLA, seus benefícios à saúde, bem como os métodos analíticos de quantificação do mesmo em alimentos

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks