The Estimation of the Ocean Economy and Coastal Economy in South Korea

Over the past 60 years, the South Korean economy has gotten outstanding achievements that would be hard to find around the world. South Korea’s real GDP, which was converted to US dollars using 2011 PPPs, in 2010 was 1,506 billion from 3.8 billion in 1960, and real GDP per capita in 2010 was 29,411 from 1,537 in 1960. The successful paradigm of the South Korean economy has clearly benefitted from export-led development and ready access to common sea lanes. South Korea is surrounded by the ocean on three sides. It has abundant ocean resources, with its 433,000㎢ of territorial water under its jurisdiction, which is about five times the size of its land. It also possesses 1,914㎞ of coastline and 3,167 of island. In addition, South Korea produces 3 million tons of fish per annum, 99.7% of its trade cargo is transported by the ocean. In other worlds, the ocean resources and ocean industries have played a significant role in the national economy. Under such circumstances, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) was established in 1996 to realize the integrated ocean governance, which was performed by 13 different ministries and administrations. The Basic Act on Marine and Fishery Development (BAMFD) has also been enacted in 2002 by MOMAF to promote the development of the ocean industry, and protect the ocean environment, ocean resources, and ocean jurisdiction. This law became a basis of integrated ocean policies in South Korea. Besides, the 1st Ocean Korea 21 (OK 21) during 2001-2010 was planned by MOMAF in 2000 as a new vision and strategies to cope with the changes in ocean environment, and improve the international competitiveness in ocean power. But the MOMAF was disassembled by the previous administration in 2008. The functions of maritime transportation, marine environment policy, and so on were transferred to the Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), and that of fishery to the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (MIFAFF). In this situation, the MLTM made the 2nd OK 21 during 2011–2020 in 2010. After then, the present administration reestablished the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (MOF) in accordance with demand of the people in 2013. Otherwise, South Korea’s ocean industries including shipbuilding, shipping, offshore platform constructing, and fisheries have achieved enormous improvement. According to the MOMAF’s report, which was written by the Arthur D. Little in 2006, South Korea’s ocean power was the 12th among 40 ocean countries. In the case of the ocean industries, its ship and offshore platform building industry was the top in the world, and shipping and port industry had also world class competitiveness. However, it is difficult to know the scale and status of the ocean industries in the South Korean national economy. That’s because Korea has not ocean economy statistics systems, and official agency in charge of estimating the ocean economy. Global ocean countries, such as the USA, China, and EU, have ocean economy statistics systems. In the case of the USA, the National Ocean Economic Program (NOEP) has provided a full range of the most current economic and socioeconomic information available on changes and trends along the USA coast and in coastal waters. Especially, NOEP produced the concept of both the ocean economy and coastal economy. But, in Korea, the ocean economy has been estimated whenever the need arose, and the coastal economy hasn’t been estimated yet. These situations require researchers to provide policy-makers, decision-makers, industry, and general public with reliable information of the ocean economy and coastal economy. So this paper aims to analyze the status of the ocean economy and coastal economy in the South Korean national economy. With these general aims, after this introduction, the second section will introduce the ocean economy and coastal economy, and the cases by country. The third section will analyze the status of the ocean economy in the South Korean national economy, and the fourth section will also show it of the coastal economy. Lastly, the final section will sum up the conclusions

A Study on Rebuilding the Classification System of the Ocean Economy

Many ocean countries have estimated and released the size of the ocean economy or industry. However it is difficult to compare the ocean economy among countries because the definition, classification standard and scope differ by each country. This study aims to provide concrete practical proposals for the definition, classification standard and scope of the ocean economy. With regard to the definition of the ocean economy, a combination of industrial and geographical perspectives is considered at the same time. As a result, the ocean economy is defined as the economic activities that directly or indirectly take place in the ocean, use outputs from the ocean, and put the goods and services into the ocean’s activities. To determine the scope of the ocean economy, about 50 common words are extracted from the cases of 10 ocean country accounts, and 3 characteristics of the scope of the ocean economy are inferred from them. These are ‘in the ocean’, ‘from the ocean’, and ‘to the ocean’. Besides, supply chain and relationship among the ocean economies are considered. According to the newly proposed definition and classification standard, 12 sectors are newly rebuilt as the ocean economy

Rebuilding the Classification System of the Ocean Economy

Many ocean countries have attempted to estimate the size of the ocean economy or industry. However, it is difficult to compare the ocean economy among countries because the definition, classification standard, and scope vary within each country. This study aims to provide concrete practical proposals for universal definition, classification standard, and scope of the ocean economy. With regard to the definition of the ocean economy, a combination of industrial and geographical perspectives is considered simultaneously. As a result, the ocean economy is defined as the economic activities that directly or indirectly take place in the ocean and use outputs from the ocean, while incorporating goods and services into the ocean’s economic activities. To determine the scope of the ocean economy, nearly 50 common words are extracted from case studies of 10 ocean country accounts, and 3 characteristics of the scope of the ocean economy are inferred from them. These are “in the ocean,” “from the ocean,” and “to the ocean.” In addition, supply chain and relationships among the ocean economies are considered. According to the newly proposed definition and classification standard, 12 sectors are included in the ocean economy. Lea el abstracto en español 请点击此处阅读中文摘

Exploring South Korea’s Ocean Economy : the Korea National Ocean Economy Survey 2017-2019

As the economic contribution of the ocean and fisheries industry increases, it is essential to identify industrial characteristics and propose specialized strategies based on data. However, there has been a lack of research on the establishment of an industrial classification system that reflects the characteristics of the ocean and fisheries industry in South Korea. Therefore, this study aims to introduce the specialized classification system of the ocean and fisheries industry and, further intends to analyze industry trends using the survey data based on the classification system. For the past three years (2017-2019) 9,000 businesses were surveyed annually to estimate industry revenues, number of businesses and workers, annual labor costs, and business outlook. As a result, this study proposed the need for government support for the shipbuilding and offshore plant construction & repair industry which has great economic ripple effects, and the need to strengthen the labor supply chain of the fishery industries that are easily affected by external shocks

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012