Estudio descriptivo de la frase nominal en el asháninka del Alto Perené

La presente investigación descriptivo-lingüística titulada “Estudio descriptivo de la frase nominal en el asháninka del Alto Perené” tiene por objetivo determinar la estructura composicional [NÚCLEO-MODIFICADOR] de la frase nominal (FN) en el asháninka del Alto Perené, a partir del análisis de un corpus de oraciones (de dicha variedad lingüística con FN en su interior), recolectados de dos tipos de fuentes: de trabajo de campo y documental. El marco teórico que sustenta este estudio proviene de los postulados de la Gramática Estructural complementada por la Gramática Funcional referentes a la frase (o sintagma) nominal y el término. El análisis consta de la segmentación morfológica de las oraciones que constituyen nuestro corpus, ubicación de las frases nominales al interior de ellas, y clasificación y análisis de éstas (FN), en cuanto a su composición estructural, para luego confrontarla con nuestra hipótesis y validarla, la cual cita: “una frase nominal puede estar constituida por una estructura simple (dentro de la relación modificador directo + núcleo) o una estructura compleja (dentro de la relación núcleo + modificador indirecto). Donde el núcleo podría ser un nombre, pronombre o cláusula relativa; el modificador directo, un adjetivo, numeral, demostrativo o posesivo y el modificador indirecto, una construcción genitiva o cláusula relativa.”Tesi

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Taller de Proyecto II - SI646 - 202101

Descripción: El curso de especialidad de Taller de Proyecto II, de las carreras de Ciencias de la Computación (CC), Ingeniería de Software (ISW) e Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información (ISI), es de carácter teórico-práctico y está dirigido a los estudiantes del décimo ciclo. El curso busca desarrollar las competencias generales de comunicación oral y escrita, manejo de la información, ciudadanía y pensamiento innovador. Para CC, las competencias específicas que se desarrollan en el curso son: trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios, responsabilidad ética y profesional, comunicación efectiva, análisis del impacto de la solución de ingeniería, necesidad de aprendizaje de por vida, aplicación de fundamentos matemáticos, diseño y construcción de sistemas complejos. Propósito: Este curso es importante dentro de la formación de los estudiantes pues permite la aplicación directa de todos los conocimientos adquiridos en ciclos anteriores; es el segundo taller a través de los cuales los estudiantes conjuntamente con los profesores involucrados en los cursos realizan el desarrollo de un Proyecto Profesional final. El taller se desarrolla bajo la aplicación de trabajos por roles. Los estudiantes desempeñan una serie de roles para el análisis, diseño, implementación y producción de un sistema de información que permite ejemplificar muy cercano a la realidad, el trabajo profesional que desarrollarán los futuros egresados. Contribuye con el desarrollo de las competencias generales de comunicación oral, pensamiento crítico, razonamiento cuantitativo, pensamiento innovador a nivel de logro 3 y ciudadanía a nivel de logro 2. Así como las competencias específicas (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para la carrera de Ciencias de la Computación. Así como las competencias específicas (3) Comunicacicón Efectiva; (4) Responsabilidad ética y profesional; (5) Trabajo en equipos multidisciplinarios; (6) Análisis y emisión de conclusiones; (7) Aprendizaje contínuo y autónomo para las carreras de Ingeniería de Sistemas de Información e Ingeniería de Software

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care